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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

hollow tube structures of the digestive systems accessory structures
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas

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2
Q

What are nutrients required?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals

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3
Q

What are the goals of the digestive system?

A

To digest food into smaller molecules
Absorb smaller molecules into the blood

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4
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
Forms more surface area for contact with digestion enzymes

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5
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Splitting complex, non absorbable food molecules to smaller absorbable molecules (hydrolysis)
Enzymes that speed up reactions and enable digestion to occur

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6
Q

What are the glands of the mouth?

A

The parotid gland
The submandibular gland
The sublingual gland

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7
Q

What is the physiology of digestion in the mouth?

A

Does mechanical and chemical digestion
Mastication
Amylase partially digests carbs
Mucus mixes with food to make it easier to swallow
Produces a bolus

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8
Q

What is the pharynx composed of?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis

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9
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

A tube that does through the diaphragm to connect to the stomach

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10
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Swallowing, which involves 4 cranial nerves

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11
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wavelike contractions to move the bolus down

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12
Q

What is the stomach made of?

A

Has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its walls going in different direction
The lining has rugae for more surface area

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13
Q

What do mucus cells do?

A

Produce alkaline mucous

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14
Q

What do endocrine cells do?

A

Produce gastrin

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15
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Produce hydrochloride acid and intrinsic factors

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16
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

Produce pepsinogen and gastric lipase

17
Q

What do regenerative cells do?

A

They are stem cells to replace other cells

18
Q

How does the liver work?

A

Has 4 loves arranged in hepatic lobules
Hepatocytes produce bile which help in chemical digestion
Bile is released in the hepatic ductules leading to hepatic duct

19
Q

How does the bilary passageway work?

A

The common bile duct is a tube common to the hepatic, cystic and pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic sphincter controls the opening of the duct

20
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Collects the overflow of bile and concentrates it

21
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secrets bicarbonate ions and enzymes for carbs, lipids and protein digestion

22
Q

What is the small intestine composed of?

A

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

23
Q

What does secretin do in the small intestine?

A

Released from endocrine cells of the duodenum responding to acetic chyme

24
Q

What does cholecystokinin do?

A

Secreted by endocrine cells of the duodenum responding to presence of lipids

25
Q

What is segmentation in the small intestine?

A

Ensures all contents of the small intestine contacts the vili for absorption

26
Q

What does peristalsis in the small intestine do?

A

It further moves the contents through the jejunum and ileum to the ileocecal valve

27
Q

What is the colon?

A

Part of the large intestine
Composed of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon and rectum

28
Q

What is the anus?

A

Part of the large intestine
Contains 2 sphincter muscles (internal and external)

29
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

A

Drains nutrient rich blood from capillaries in villi and carries it to capillary beds in the liver

30
Q

What do the lacteals do?

A

They absorb fatty acids and glycerides
Join the bloodstream at the subclavian veins and eventually the liver

31
Q

What are the functions of digestive system?

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

Anatomy (9 decks)

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