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Oceanography 19' > Exam Quiz3 > Flashcards

Exam Quiz3 Flashcards

1
Q

mammal

4.7 definitions

A

!. Warm Blooded

  1. Have fur at some stage in development
  2. Bear live young
  3. . Females have mammary glands that produce milk
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2
Q

blubber

4.7 definitions

A

the thick layer of fat that keeps whales and other large swimming mammals warm in the cold water

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3
Q

krill

4.7 definitions

A
  • Anthropoda
  • 1,500 species
  • Cm-scale
  • Very abundant in southern ocean (deep upwelling)
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4
Q

copepods

4.7 definitions

A
  • Anthropoda
  • 70% of all zooplankton biomass
  • Filter feeders
  • Mm-scale
  • Graze on algae
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5
Q

cetaceans

4.7 definitions

A
  • Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises (76 species)
  • Fore flippers move only at the shoulder
  • Vestigial hind limbs
  • Horizontal tall fluke (fish have vertical)
  • Blowholes in order to breathe
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6
Q

toothed whales

4.7 definitions

A
  • (Odontoceti)
  • Dolphins, orca, sperm whales
  • Use echolocation (sonar)
  • Mainly hunt fish and squids
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7
Q

sperm whales

4.7 definitions

A
  • Up to 18m, 44 tons
  • Loudest cetacean
  • Clicks generated in “monkey’s muzzle” (nasal organ)
  • Focused on oil-filled spermaceti organ
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8
Q

orca (killer whale)

4.7 definitions

A
  • are actually dolphins
  • largest known species of dolphins
  • has second largest brain on the planet
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9
Q

dolphin

4.7 definitions

A

any of various small marine toothed whales (family Delphinidae) with the snout more or less elongated into a beak and the neck vertebrae partially fused.

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10
Q

echolocation

4.7 definitions

A

the general method of locating objects by determining the time for an echo to return and the direction from which it returns..

Toothed Wahle, Sperm whale, dolphins, killer whale

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11
Q

baleen whales

4.7 definitions

A
  • generally larger and filter out plankton or small fish

- teeth are like bristles and is made of keratin

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12
Q

blue whale

4.7 definitions

A
  • largest animal on earth but feeds on the smallest organisms (krill)
  • needs to consume 4 tons of krill each day
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13
Q

gray whale

4.7 definitions

A
  • males reach 45 ft/ 30-40 tons
  • females are bigger
  • primary food= amphipods (small shrimp)
  • also eat tube-worms/ benthonic organisms
  • live 50-60 years
  • extinct in North Atlantic population
  • live in pacific- northwest (19-23,000) and eat-asian Korean population (300+)
  • longest migration distance out of any animal
  • feed only during 4 month summer in Bering- Chukchi Sea
  • benthonic filter feeders
  • swim to ocean bottom and such sediment and water to catch food (amphipods/ tube worms)
  • 660 pounds of food per day
  • spend winter in warm lagoons of Baja CA
  • mate in the winter
  • babies born in Baja lagoons (protection from sharks/ oracle)
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14
Q

pinnipeds

4.7 definitions

A
  1. ) (Fin-footed)
  2. ) Seals, sea lions, walruses
  3. ) Feed on fish and squid
  4. ) Evolved from terrestrial carnivores
  5. ) Thick layer of blubber for insulation, food reserve, and buoyancy
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15
Q

seals

4.7 definitions

A

Can’t walk on land, flop on belly

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16
Q

sea lions

4.7 definitions

A
  1. ) eared seals- 16 species
  2. ) Rear Flippers move forward
  3. ) Can Walk on land w flippers
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17
Q

sea otters

4.7 definitions

A

Guardians of the kelp Forrests. keep sea urchin population in check

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18
Q

What do seals and sea lions mainly eat? What do sea otters mainly eat?

4.7 concepts

A
  1. anchovies, herring salmon and sardines, eel, octopus, lobster
  2. slow-moving fishes and marine invertebrates including crabs, sea urchins, abalones, clams, mussels, and snails.
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19
Q

holdfast

4.8 definitions

A

a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate. Holdfasts vary in shape and form depending on both the species and the substrate type.

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20
Q

blade

4.8 definitions

A

Kelp is a large greenish-brown plant that can grow more than 175 feet tall. It has many leaves, called blades, which are shaped like swords. To grow so tall, each blade at the top of the kelp splits into two. At the base of these blades, the plant has “bladders,” little ball-shaped pods that are filled with air and gas. These bladders help the kelp stay upright so the tops can reach the sunlight.

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21
Q

stipe

4.8 definitions

A

a stalk or stem, especially the stem of a seaweed

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22
Q

algae

4.8 definitions

A

Key photosynthesizers, may be plankton or seaweed.

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23
Q

seaweed

4.8 definitions

A

multicellular algae-Carry out between 2 and 5% of ocean’s primary productivity-Largest can reach 62 meters in length-Provide shelter for benthic animals. classified as protists( not technically plants)

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24
Q

substrate

4.8 definitions

A

The actual physical bottom of the ocean

Hard bottom

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25
Q

kelp

4.8 definitions

A

Any of various brown, often very large seaweeds that grow in colder ocean regions. Kelps are varieties of brown algae

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26
Q

infauna

4.8 definitions

A

Living within the sea floor

ex= worms, mollusk

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27
Q

detritus

4.8 definitions

A

loose material (such as rock fragments or organic particles) that results directly from disintegration

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28
Q

bioturbation

4.8 definitions

A

is the disturbance of the soil or sediment by living things.

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29
Q

clams

4.8 definitions

A

have an external covering that is a two-part hinged shell that contains a soft-bodied invertebrate. … An internal organ called the mantle secretes calcium carbonate so that as the inner invertebrate grows, the outer shell provides a roomier home.

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30
Q

epifauna

4.8 definitions

A

Living on or attached to the seafloor

ex= crabs, starfish, sea urchins

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31
Q

sessile

4.8 definitions

A

sea fans, sea anemones (immobile)

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32
Q

snails

4.8 definitions

A

more commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca, called Gastropoda

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33
Q

sea urchins

4.8 definitions

A

are members of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes sea stars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and crinoids. Like other echinoderms, they have five-fold symmetry (called pentamerism) and move by means of hundreds of tiny, transparent, adhesive “tube feet”.

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34
Q

lobsters

4.8 definitions

A

is a hard-shelled animal that lives in salt water and has two big front claws, or pincers.

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35
Q

crabs

4.8 definitions

A

is a sea creature with a flat round body covered by a shell, and five pairs of legs with large claws on the front pair. Crabs usually move sideways.

36
Q

octopus

4.8 definitions

A

in general, any eight-armed cephalopod mollusk of the order … half shells from the ocean floor and carrying them for use as portable shelters.

37
Q

intertidal

4.9 definitions

A

the area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides. … Intertidal zones exist anywhere the ocean meets the land

38
Q

intertidal zonation

4.9 definitions

A

Epifauna

Spray Zone and Intertidal zone (high tide, middle tide, low tide)

39
Q

motile

4.9 definitions

A

moving or capable of moving spontaneously:

40
Q

supratidal

4.9 definitions

A

the area above the spring high tide line, on coastlines and estuaries, that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water.

41
Q

midtidal

4.9 definitions

A

More kinds of Algae

Soft bodied organisms

Barnacles and Mussels

Mussel bed (sea stars and sea anemones)

Hermit Crabs

Sea urchins

42
Q

lower tidal

4.9 definitions

A

Abundant algae and surf grass

Animals hide in seaweed/grass various shore crabs

43
Q

subtidal

4.9 definitions

A

relating to, or being the part of the neritic zone lying below the low-tide mark but still shallow and close to shore subtidal kelp beds.

44
Q

tide pool

4.9 definitions

A
  • contain animals that require more protection from wave action
    ex= sea anemones, fish, crabs
45
Q

barnacle

4.9 definitions

A
  • rocky short biological zone
  • below periwinkle zone
  • high density population
  • attached to hard surfaces
  • filer feeders
    ex= crabs, crayfish, shrimp, lobsters, and barnacles
46
Q

mussel

4.9 definitions

A

a small sea creature that has a black shell with two parts that close tightly together

47
Q

sea anemone

4.9 definitions

A
  • Cnidaria
  • (polyps)
  • Benthic, mainly sessile, basal disc
  • “Many feet”
48
Q

crabs

4.9 definitions

A

example of a epifaurnal

49
Q

starfish

4.9 definitions

A

example of a epifaurnal

50
Q

octopus

4.9 definitions

A

is a sea creature with a soft saclike body with eight sucker-lined limbs.

51
Q

sessile

4.10 definitions

A

an organism that is anchored to a substrate and cannot move about freely. For example, a sessile alga that lives on a rock (its substrate). Another example is a barnacle that lives on the bottom of a ship. Mussels and coral polyps are also examples of sessile organisms.

52
Q

filter feeders

4.10 definitions

A

an aquatic animal that feeds on particles or small organisms strained out of water by circulating them through its system: includes most of the stationary feeders, as clams, oysters, barnacles, corals, sea squirts, and sponges

53
Q

meroplankton

4.10 definitions

A

plankton in larval stage only

54
Q

stony corals

4.10 definitions

A

a coral with a hard calcareous skeleton.

55
Q

calcium carbonate

4.10 definitions

A

minerals are the building blocks for the skeletons and shells of many marine organisms.

56
Q

zooxanthella

4.10 definitions

A
  • Reef corals have symbiotic algae (dinoflagellates)
  • Coral supplies N, P, and CO2 to algae
  • Algae releases up to 90% of food to coral
  • These give coral their color
57
Q

symbiosis

4.10 definitions

A

when one species depend on another to live but not as food

examples: mutualism, commensalism, & parasitism

58
Q

budding

4.10 definitions

A

form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.

59
Q

coralline red algae

4.10 definitions

A

most abundant and most widespread, varied colors

60
Q

tropical fish

4.10 definitions

A

any of various usually brightly colored fish of the tropic

examples:

61
Q

Krill and copepods are what trophic level in the oceans?

Quiz 4-7

A

second

62
Q

Which of the following are members of the toothed whale group?

Quiz 4-7

A

Sperm Whales
Orca (Killer Whales)
Dolphins

63
Q

Which of the following are members of the baleen whale group?

Quiz 4-7

A

Blue Whales

64
Q

Toothed whales feed principally on

Quiz 4-7

A

fish and squid.

65
Q

Most baleen whales spend the summer

Quiz 4-7

A

in polar regions feeding.

66
Q

The primary food source of sea otters is

Quiz 4-7

A

marine invertebrates like sea urchins and crabs.

67
Q

The parts of a seaweed include

Quiz 4-8

A

blade
holdfast
stipe

68
Q

Why are seaweeds not found growing on the abyssal plain?

Quiz 4-8

A

There is no sunlight.

69
Q

All of the organisms listed are benthic organisms except ___________.

Quiz 4-8

A

tuna

70
Q

Animals that live in the sediment of sea floor are

Quiz 4-8

A

infauna

71
Q

Animals that live on the sea floor and are fixed in one place are ___________.

Quiz 4-8

A

sessile

72
Q

Which of the following is a primary producer in the benthic community?

Quiz 4-8

A

kelp

73
Q

The most important control on intertidal zonation of animals along a rocky shore:

Quiz 4-9

A

hours exposed to the air during low tide

74
Q

Which of the following are adaptations to help animals deal with turbulence on rocky shores?

Quiz 4-9

A

thick shells.

Motile animals have strong muscles to grab the rock.

Sessile animals have strong attachments to the rock.

75
Q

The ____________ survives in the midtidal zone by hiding in tide pools

Quiz 4-9

A

starfish

76
Q

The intertidal zone below average low tide but above maximum low tide:

Quiz 4-9

A

lower tidal

77
Q

Organisms that live in the supratidal zone have to survive

Quiz 4-9

A

long periods of exposure to the air.

periodic submergence by sea water.

irregular exposure to fresh water by rain or snow.

78
Q

How do mussels in the intertidal zone survive exposure to air during low tide?

Quiz 4-9

A

They tightly seal their shell.

79
Q

Symbiosis is

Quiz 4-10

A

two different kinds of organisms living closely together.

80
Q

Where in the world are coral reefs found?

Quiz 4-10

A

In the tropics and near the equator.

81
Q

Zooxanthellae is

Quiz 4-10

A

an alga that lives inside corals.

82
Q

Cutting down trees for developments on islands threaten the coral reefs around the island because

Quiz 4-10

A

it increases the amount of sediment that enters the sea and corals need clear water.

83
Q

Corals are specially adapted to live in waters

Quiz 4-10

A

with low nutrients.

84
Q

Corals are all of these EXCEPT:

A

chemosynthetic

85
Q

How are seals and sea lions different?

A

seals- rear appendages used for propulsion are good for swimming, not very useful on land, no underfur, no external ears

sea lions-use front flippers for propulsion, greater range of motion in hind limbs makes them useful on land, soft under fur, small eternal ears

Oceanography 19' (7 decks)

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