Exam Quiz3 Flashcards
mammal
4.7 definitions
!. Warm Blooded
- Have fur at some stage in development
- Bear live young
- . Females have mammary glands that produce milk
blubber
4.7 definitions
the thick layer of fat that keeps whales and other large swimming mammals warm in the cold water
krill
4.7 definitions
- Anthropoda
- 1,500 species
- Cm-scale
- Very abundant in southern ocean (deep upwelling)
copepods
4.7 definitions
- Anthropoda
- 70% of all zooplankton biomass
- Filter feeders
- Mm-scale
- Graze on algae
cetaceans
4.7 definitions
- Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises (76 species)
- Fore flippers move only at the shoulder
- Vestigial hind limbs
- Horizontal tall fluke (fish have vertical)
- Blowholes in order to breathe
toothed whales
4.7 definitions
- (Odontoceti)
- Dolphins, orca, sperm whales
- Use echolocation (sonar)
- Mainly hunt fish and squids
sperm whales
4.7 definitions
- Up to 18m, 44 tons
- Loudest cetacean
- Clicks generated in “monkey’s muzzle” (nasal organ)
- Focused on oil-filled spermaceti organ
orca (killer whale)
4.7 definitions
- are actually dolphins
- largest known species of dolphins
- has second largest brain on the planet
dolphin
4.7 definitions
any of various small marine toothed whales (family Delphinidae) with the snout more or less elongated into a beak and the neck vertebrae partially fused.
echolocation
4.7 definitions
the general method of locating objects by determining the time for an echo to return and the direction from which it returns..
Toothed Wahle, Sperm whale, dolphins, killer whale
baleen whales
4.7 definitions
- generally larger and filter out plankton or small fish
- teeth are like bristles and is made of keratin
blue whale
4.7 definitions
- largest animal on earth but feeds on the smallest organisms (krill)
- needs to consume 4 tons of krill each day
gray whale
4.7 definitions
- males reach 45 ft/ 30-40 tons
- females are bigger
- primary food= amphipods (small shrimp)
- also eat tube-worms/ benthonic organisms
- live 50-60 years
- extinct in North Atlantic population
- live in pacific- northwest (19-23,000) and eat-asian Korean population (300+)
- longest migration distance out of any animal
- feed only during 4 month summer in Bering- Chukchi Sea
- benthonic filter feeders
- swim to ocean bottom and such sediment and water to catch food (amphipods/ tube worms)
- 660 pounds of food per day
- spend winter in warm lagoons of Baja CA
- mate in the winter
- babies born in Baja lagoons (protection from sharks/ oracle)
pinnipeds
4.7 definitions
- ) (Fin-footed)
- ) Seals, sea lions, walruses
- ) Feed on fish and squid
- ) Evolved from terrestrial carnivores
- ) Thick layer of blubber for insulation, food reserve, and buoyancy
seals
4.7 definitions
Can’t walk on land, flop on belly
sea lions
4.7 definitions
- ) eared seals- 16 species
- ) Rear Flippers move forward
- ) Can Walk on land w flippers
sea otters
4.7 definitions
Guardians of the kelp Forrests. keep sea urchin population in check
What do seals and sea lions mainly eat? What do sea otters mainly eat?
4.7 concepts
- anchovies, herring salmon and sardines, eel, octopus, lobster
- slow-moving fishes and marine invertebrates including crabs, sea urchins, abalones, clams, mussels, and snails.
holdfast
4.8 definitions
a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate. Holdfasts vary in shape and form depending on both the species and the substrate type.
blade
4.8 definitions
Kelp is a large greenish-brown plant that can grow more than 175 feet tall. It has many leaves, called blades, which are shaped like swords. To grow so tall, each blade at the top of the kelp splits into two. At the base of these blades, the plant has “bladders,” little ball-shaped pods that are filled with air and gas. These bladders help the kelp stay upright so the tops can reach the sunlight.
stipe
4.8 definitions
a stalk or stem, especially the stem of a seaweed
algae
4.8 definitions
Key photosynthesizers, may be plankton or seaweed.
seaweed
4.8 definitions
multicellular algae-Carry out between 2 and 5% of ocean’s primary productivity-Largest can reach 62 meters in length-Provide shelter for benthic animals. classified as protists( not technically plants)
substrate
4.8 definitions
The actual physical bottom of the ocean
Hard bottom
kelp
4.8 definitions
Any of various brown, often very large seaweeds that grow in colder ocean regions. Kelps are varieties of brown algae
infauna
4.8 definitions
Living within the sea floor
ex= worms, mollusk
detritus
4.8 definitions
loose material (such as rock fragments or organic particles) that results directly from disintegration
bioturbation
4.8 definitions
is the disturbance of the soil or sediment by living things.
clams
4.8 definitions
have an external covering that is a two-part hinged shell that contains a soft-bodied invertebrate. … An internal organ called the mantle secretes calcium carbonate so that as the inner invertebrate grows, the outer shell provides a roomier home.
epifauna
4.8 definitions
Living on or attached to the seafloor
ex= crabs, starfish, sea urchins
sessile
4.8 definitions
sea fans, sea anemones (immobile)
snails
4.8 definitions
more commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca, called Gastropoda
sea urchins
4.8 definitions
are members of the phylum Echinodermata, which also includes sea stars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and crinoids. Like other echinoderms, they have five-fold symmetry (called pentamerism) and move by means of hundreds of tiny, transparent, adhesive “tube feet”.
lobsters
4.8 definitions
is a hard-shelled animal that lives in salt water and has two big front claws, or pincers.
crabs
4.8 definitions
is a sea creature with a flat round body covered by a shell, and five pairs of legs with large claws on the front pair. Crabs usually move sideways.
octopus
4.8 definitions
in general, any eight-armed cephalopod mollusk of the order … half shells from the ocean floor and carrying them for use as portable shelters.
intertidal
4.9 definitions
the area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides. … Intertidal zones exist anywhere the ocean meets the land
intertidal zonation
4.9 definitions
Epifauna
Spray Zone and Intertidal zone (high tide, middle tide, low tide)
motile
4.9 definitions
moving or capable of moving spontaneously:
supratidal
4.9 definitions
the area above the spring high tide line, on coastlines and estuaries, that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water.
midtidal
4.9 definitions
More kinds of Algae
Soft bodied organisms
Barnacles and Mussels
Mussel bed (sea stars and sea anemones)
Hermit Crabs
Sea urchins
lower tidal
4.9 definitions
Abundant algae and surf grass
Animals hide in seaweed/grass various shore crabs
subtidal
4.9 definitions
relating to, or being the part of the neritic zone lying below the low-tide mark but still shallow and close to shore subtidal kelp beds.
tide pool
4.9 definitions
- contain animals that require more protection from wave action
ex= sea anemones, fish, crabs
barnacle
4.9 definitions
- rocky short biological zone
- below periwinkle zone
- high density population
- attached to hard surfaces
- filer feeders
ex= crabs, crayfish, shrimp, lobsters, and barnacles
mussel
4.9 definitions
a small sea creature that has a black shell with two parts that close tightly together
sea anemone
4.9 definitions
- Cnidaria
- (polyps)
- Benthic, mainly sessile, basal disc
- “Many feet”
crabs
4.9 definitions
example of a epifaurnal
starfish
4.9 definitions
example of a epifaurnal
octopus
4.9 definitions
is a sea creature with a soft saclike body with eight sucker-lined limbs.
sessile
4.10 definitions
an organism that is anchored to a substrate and cannot move about freely. For example, a sessile alga that lives on a rock (its substrate). Another example is a barnacle that lives on the bottom of a ship. Mussels and coral polyps are also examples of sessile organisms.
filter feeders
4.10 definitions
an aquatic animal that feeds on particles or small organisms strained out of water by circulating them through its system: includes most of the stationary feeders, as clams, oysters, barnacles, corals, sea squirts, and sponges
meroplankton
4.10 definitions
plankton in larval stage only
stony corals
4.10 definitions
a coral with a hard calcareous skeleton.
calcium carbonate
4.10 definitions
minerals are the building blocks for the skeletons and shells of many marine organisms.
zooxanthella
4.10 definitions
- Reef corals have symbiotic algae (dinoflagellates)
- Coral supplies N, P, and CO2 to algae
- Algae releases up to 90% of food to coral
- These give coral their color
symbiosis
4.10 definitions
when one species depend on another to live but not as food
examples: mutualism, commensalism, & parasitism
budding
4.10 definitions
form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism.
coralline red algae
4.10 definitions
most abundant and most widespread, varied colors
tropical fish
4.10 definitions
any of various usually brightly colored fish of the tropic
examples:
Krill and copepods are what trophic level in the oceans?
Quiz 4-7
second
Which of the following are members of the toothed whale group?
Quiz 4-7
Sperm Whales
Orca (Killer Whales)
Dolphins
Which of the following are members of the baleen whale group?
Quiz 4-7
Blue Whales
Toothed whales feed principally on
Quiz 4-7
fish and squid.
Most baleen whales spend the summer
Quiz 4-7
in polar regions feeding.
The primary food source of sea otters is
Quiz 4-7
marine invertebrates like sea urchins and crabs.
The parts of a seaweed include
Quiz 4-8
blade
holdfast
stipe
Why are seaweeds not found growing on the abyssal plain?
Quiz 4-8
There is no sunlight.
All of the organisms listed are benthic organisms except ___________.
Quiz 4-8
tuna
Animals that live in the sediment of sea floor are
Quiz 4-8
infauna
Animals that live on the sea floor and are fixed in one place are ___________.
Quiz 4-8
sessile
Which of the following is a primary producer in the benthic community?
Quiz 4-8
kelp
The most important control on intertidal zonation of animals along a rocky shore:
Quiz 4-9
hours exposed to the air during low tide
Which of the following are adaptations to help animals deal with turbulence on rocky shores?
Quiz 4-9
thick shells.
Motile animals have strong muscles to grab the rock.
Sessile animals have strong attachments to the rock.
The ____________ survives in the midtidal zone by hiding in tide pools
Quiz 4-9
starfish
The intertidal zone below average low tide but above maximum low tide:
Quiz 4-9
lower tidal
Organisms that live in the supratidal zone have to survive
Quiz 4-9
long periods of exposure to the air.
periodic submergence by sea water.
irregular exposure to fresh water by rain or snow.
How do mussels in the intertidal zone survive exposure to air during low tide?
Quiz 4-9
They tightly seal their shell.
Symbiosis is
Quiz 4-10
two different kinds of organisms living closely together.
Where in the world are coral reefs found?
Quiz 4-10
In the tropics and near the equator.
Zooxanthellae is
Quiz 4-10
an alga that lives inside corals.
Cutting down trees for developments on islands threaten the coral reefs around the island because
Quiz 4-10
it increases the amount of sediment that enters the sea and corals need clear water.
Corals are specially adapted to live in waters
Quiz 4-10
with low nutrients.
Corals are all of these EXCEPT:
chemosynthetic
How are seals and sea lions different?
seals- rear appendages used for propulsion are good for swimming, not very useful on land, no underfur, no external ears
sea lions-use front flippers for propulsion, greater range of motion in hind limbs makes them useful on land, soft under fur, small eternal ears
