exam 4 quiz 2 Flashcards
plankton
4-4 Definitions
tiny organisms that live drifting where the ocean currents take them; cannot really swim, but can control movements
photic zone
4-4 Definitions
zone is used to describe light penetration in the ocean
phytoplankton
4-4 Definitions
single-celled algae that are capable of photosynthesis
algae
4-4 Definitions
plant-like protists that are autotrophs, they make oxygen
algal bloom
4-4 Definitions
a rapid increase in the pop. of algae
red tide
4-4 Definitions
bloom of red dinoflagellates
- often toxic to fish/humans
- contains deadly after red is gone and contained in the shellfish
- increasing in frequency
- probably due to increase in nutrients
zooplankton
4-4 Definitions
animals that “drift”
- some are always plankton (holoplankton)
- some grow up to be something else (meroplankton)
meroplankton
4-4 Definitions
eggs and larvae of other life that grow up to be something else
Nektonic (fish larvae)
Benthic (coral/crab larvae)
larvae
4-4 Definitions
larvae are young that don’t look like the adults
talking about Krill
juvenile
4-4 Definitions
are miniature adults
Talking about Krill
diatom
4-4 Definitions
One of the two types of phytoplankton
- present everywhere and prefer colder waters
- most important at higher latitudes
- make silica shell and produce siliceous ooze
dinoflagellate
4-4 Definitions
One of the two types of phytoplankton
- named after tail-like appendage
- flagellum used for minor movement
- present everywhere but prefer warmer waters and mainly coastal/tropics area
- some are toxic and produce nerve poison
foraminfera
4-4 Definitions
single-celled protists
-make calcareous tests (shells) and ooze
radiolarian
4-4 Definitions
single-celled protists
-make silcious tests and ooze along equator
copepods
4-4 Definitions
2nd trophic level in polar regions
krill
4-4 Definitions
2nd trophic level in polar regions
Describe the method of survival:
schooling in fish
4-5 Definitions
large group that swims in unison
- hard to identify a single fish
- those in the center are safest
- predators adapt by being very fast or an extended bill sword
- always work together to herd the school
predator
4-5 Definitions
an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals:
prey
4-5 Definitions
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.
burrowing
4-5 Definitions
fish hide beneath sea floor to protect from predators
-some predators can dig into the sea floor (Ex: bottle nose dolphin that locate with echolocation)
camouflage
4-5 Definitions
used by the hunted and the herded
- flounder blends with the sandy sea floor
- used by hunters to set an ambush
- used also to hide from predators
ambush predator
4-5 Definitions
a predator that hides and waits for prey to pass in close proximity rather than actively hunting for it.
reverse camouflage
4-5 Definitions
used by poisonous fish
-display of bright colors to signal danger/threat
poisonous
4-5 Definitions
refers to poisonous flesh or spines; venomous refers to using poison (venom) to paralyze or kill prey by biting and injecting the venom
Describe the method of cooperation:
cleaning station
4-5 Definitions
- cooperation between species
- parasite removal from smaller fish
- also can be removing algae from sea turtles
parasites
4-5 Definitions
small organisms that survive by feeding on the host animal
billfish
4-5 Definitions
large open-ocean predators that specialize in schooling prey
(Examples: marlin, sailfish, and swordfish)
marlin
4-5 Definitions
Marlin is a type of bill fish (6-10 long) open-ocean predators that specialize in small schooling prey.
herring
4-5 Definitions
type of fish that Marlins like to hunt
a fish that lives in the northern Atlantic Ocean and is often eaten as food .
sardines
4-5 Definitions
are a kind of small sea fish , often eaten as food
flounder
4-5 Definitions
blends with the sandy sea floor
nekton
4-6 Definitions
organisms that swim
-all animals and mostly invertebrates
invertebrate
4-6 Definitions
no backbone
-mostly benthic organisms
vertebrate
4-6 Definitions
is an animal that has a backbone and a skeleton.
fish
4-6 Definitions
cold-blooded and “exothermic”
- many fish are restricted to certain areas of the same temperature
- lay eggs but do not want to nurture young
mammals
4-6 Definitions
animals that nurse their young using specialized mammary glands
- warm blooded; “endothermic”
- use thick layers of blubber to keep warm
squid
4-6 Definitions
tentacles/large eye; active hunters
- closely related to octopus, intelligent
- communicate with color
- size ranges from 5cm-13m (rarely seen)
giant squid
4-6 Definitions
-big squid
hunted by sperm whales
warm-blooded
4-6 Definitions
Animals, such as mammals and birds, that maintain a constant body temperature regardless of the temperature of the surroundings.
having the ability to regulate body temperature
-“warm-blooded”
cold-blooded (exothermic)
4-6 Definitions
having a body temperature varying with that of the environment
examples; Lizards, snakes, Crocodiles, Frogs, Spiders, Fish
cartilaginous fish
4-6 Definitions
no bones; cartilage instead
- still vertebrates with spinal cords
- includes sharks and rays
sharks
4-6 Definitions
most are larger predators
-eat fish because people taste not preferred
Great White Shark
- Cartilaginous Fish
- Gentle Giants
- largest fish in the world
- Preys are seals(mammals)
rays
4-6 Definitions
diamond-shaped and thin tail
- swim by “flapping wings”
- most are large predators so they eat from lower trophic levels
bony fish
4-6 Definitions
-have bone skeletons
over 27,000 species and diverse because areas inhabited are limited by temperature and salinity
osmosis
4-6 Definitions
process where water goes through a membrane (skin) from low salinity to higher salinity
- salt concentration in fish tissue is 18 PPT
- ocean salinity is 35 PPT
- fish constantly lose water due to this process
- some fish use this for protection and lay eggs in different salinities
salmon
4-6 Definitions
adjust to different salinities
- spawn and hatch in fresh water
- young then migrate to salt water
- 2 to 5 years at sea as adults
- return to original stream where hatched, and if it is not available then do not hatch
tuna
4-6 Definitions
a large fish that lives in warm seas: the flesh of this fish eaten as food: 3. a large fish that lives in warm seas, or its flesh eaten as food:
over-fishing
4-6 Definitions
catching more fish than reproducing
- leads to near or full extinction
- signs are catching fewer fish and catching smaller fish
Atlantic cod
4-6 Definitions
is a benthopelagic fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans.
-marine fish
orange roughy
4-6 Definitions
“slimehead” and open-ocean fish
- life span is long (120+ years)
- slow growth and slow production
- fished to 3% of original numbers
- still being fished but not long
Alaskan pollock
4-6 Definitions
fast growing and short lifespan
- good over-fishing example
- track example and catch
- adjust limit as needed
factory ship
4-6 Definitions
Large fishing boat - have the ability to stay at sea for longer period by processing their catch onboard
sonar
4-6 Definitions
sound navigation and ranging
sustainable fishery
4-6 Definitions
leaving enough fish in the ocean, respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods.
What is the most important reason small fish often travel in large schools?
4-5 Quiz
The large group makes it hard for predators to find an individual to attack.
_______________ refers to using bright colors to warn predators of poisonous flesh.
4-5 Quiz
reverse camouflage
________________ are fish that can change the color of their skin to blend with the sea floor.
4-5 Quiz
flounder
What are the benefits of a cleaning station to large fish?
4-5 Quiz
They get parasites removed from their skin by smaller fish.
Marlin are very good at catching schooling prey because
4-5 Quiz
they are large and very fast hunters.
they work together to keep the school of prey vulnerable.
their long bill is used to stun or kill the prey fish.
An ambush predator hunts by
4-5 Quiz
holding still to surprise its prey.
hiding using camouflage.
Which have skeletons of cartilage?
4-6 Quiz
sharks
Osmosis is
4-6 Quiz
the process where water moves through a membrane from low salinity to high salinity.
Which of the following are small fish that eat mainly plankton?
4-6 Quiz
sardines
Pacific salmon lay their eggs
4-6 Quiz
n the same clear stream or river where they hatched.
The largest sharks, rays and whales eat mainly
4-6 Quiz
zooplankton.
Humans have been fishing for thousands of years. Why is over-fishing a problem now but not 200 years ago?
4-6 Quiz
There are more fishermen.
The fishing boats are larger.
The technology to find large schools underwater is much better.
_______________ are members of the phytoplankton.
4-4 Quiz
diatoms
Organisms that passively float in the ocean are classified as
4-4 Quiz
planktonic
Which is not a member of the zooplankton?
4-4 Quiz
salmon
Many sessile organisms like corals have a juvenile stage that is part of the
4-4 Quiz
meroplankton
Red tides are caused by
4-4 Quiz
dinoflagellate blooms.
Red tides are more common today than 30 years ago; the most likely cause is
4-4 Quiz
more nutrients in coastal waters from human waste.
The largest shark, rays and whales eat mainly
zooplankton
__________ are fish that can change the color of their skin to blend with the sea floor
flounder
Red Tides are more common today than 30yrs ago; the most likely cause is
more nutrients in coastal waters from human waste
Which is not a member of the ZOOPLANKTON?
diatom
