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Oceanography 19' > exam 4 quiz 2 > Flashcards

exam 4 quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

plankton

4-4 Definitions

A

tiny organisms that live drifting where the ocean currents take them; cannot really swim, but can control movements

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2
Q

photic zone

4-4 Definitions

A

zone is used to describe light penetration in the ocean

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3
Q

phytoplankton

4-4 Definitions

A

single-celled algae that are capable of photosynthesis

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4
Q

algae

4-4 Definitions

A

plant-like protists that are autotrophs, they make oxygen

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5
Q

algal bloom

4-4 Definitions

A

a rapid increase in the pop. of algae

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6
Q

red tide

4-4 Definitions

A

bloom of red dinoflagellates

  • often toxic to fish/humans
  • contains deadly after red is gone and contained in the shellfish
  • increasing in frequency
  • probably due to increase in nutrients
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7
Q

zooplankton

4-4 Definitions

A

animals that “drift”

  • some are always plankton (holoplankton)
  • some grow up to be something else (meroplankton)
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8
Q

meroplankton

4-4 Definitions

A

eggs and larvae of other life that grow up to be something else
Nektonic (fish larvae)
Benthic (coral/crab larvae)

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9
Q

larvae

4-4 Definitions

A

larvae are young that don’t look like the adults

talking about Krill

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10
Q

juvenile

4-4 Definitions

A

are miniature adults

Talking about Krill

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11
Q

diatom

4-4 Definitions

A

One of the two types of phytoplankton

  • present everywhere and prefer colder waters
  • most important at higher latitudes
  • make silica shell and produce siliceous ooze
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12
Q

dinoflagellate

4-4 Definitions

A

One of the two types of phytoplankton

  • named after tail-like appendage
  • flagellum used for minor movement
  • present everywhere but prefer warmer waters and mainly coastal/tropics area
  • some are toxic and produce nerve poison
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13
Q

foraminfera

4-4 Definitions

A

single-celled protists

-make calcareous tests (shells) and ooze

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14
Q

radiolarian

4-4 Definitions

A

single-celled protists

-make silcious tests and ooze along equator

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15
Q

copepods

4-4 Definitions

A

2nd trophic level in polar regions

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16
Q

krill

4-4 Definitions

A

2nd trophic level in polar regions

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17
Q

Describe the method of survival:
schooling in fish

4-5 Definitions

A

large group that swims in unison

  • hard to identify a single fish
  • those in the center are safest
  • predators adapt by being very fast or an extended bill sword
  • always work together to herd the school
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18
Q

predator

4-5 Definitions

A

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals:

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19
Q

prey

4-5 Definitions

A

an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.

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20
Q

burrowing

4-5 Definitions

A

fish hide beneath sea floor to protect from predators

-some predators can dig into the sea floor (Ex: bottle nose dolphin that locate with echolocation)

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21
Q

camouflage

4-5 Definitions

A

used by the hunted and the herded

  • flounder blends with the sandy sea floor
  • used by hunters to set an ambush
  • used also to hide from predators
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22
Q

ambush predator

4-5 Definitions

A

a predator that hides and waits for prey to pass in close proximity rather than actively hunting for it.

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23
Q

reverse camouflage

4-5 Definitions

A

used by poisonous fish

-display of bright colors to signal danger/threat

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24
Q

poisonous

4-5 Definitions

A

refers to poisonous flesh or spines; venomous refers to using poison (venom) to paralyze or kill prey by biting and injecting the venom

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25
Q

Describe the method of cooperation:
cleaning station

4-5 Definitions

A
  • cooperation between species
  • parasite removal from smaller fish
  • also can be removing algae from sea turtles
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26
Q

parasites

4-5 Definitions

A

small organisms that survive by feeding on the host animal

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27
Q

billfish

4-5 Definitions

A

large open-ocean predators that specialize in schooling prey
(Examples: marlin, sailfish, and swordfish)

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28
Q

marlin

4-5 Definitions

A

Marlin is a type of bill fish (6-10 long) open-ocean predators that specialize in small schooling prey.

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29
Q

herring

4-5 Definitions

A

type of fish that Marlins like to hunt

a fish that lives in the northern Atlantic Ocean and is often eaten as food .

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30
Q

sardines

4-5 Definitions

A

are a kind of small sea fish , often eaten as food

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31
Q

flounder

4-5 Definitions

A

blends with the sandy sea floor

32
Q

nekton

4-6 Definitions

A

organisms that swim

-all animals and mostly invertebrates

33
Q

invertebrate

4-6 Definitions

A

no backbone

-mostly benthic organisms

34
Q

vertebrate

4-6 Definitions

A

is an animal that has a backbone and a skeleton.

35
Q

fish

4-6 Definitions

A

cold-blooded and “exothermic”

  • many fish are restricted to certain areas of the same temperature
  • lay eggs but do not want to nurture young
36
Q

mammals

4-6 Definitions

A

animals that nurse their young using specialized mammary glands

  • warm blooded; “endothermic”
  • use thick layers of blubber to keep warm
37
Q

squid

4-6 Definitions

A

tentacles/large eye; active hunters

  • closely related to octopus, intelligent
  • communicate with color
  • size ranges from 5cm-13m (rarely seen)
38
Q

giant squid

4-6 Definitions

A

-big squid

hunted by sperm whales

39
Q

warm-blooded

4-6 Definitions

A

Animals, such as mammals and birds, that maintain a constant body temperature regardless of the temperature of the surroundings.

having the ability to regulate body temperature
-“warm-blooded”

40
Q

cold-blooded (exothermic)

4-6 Definitions

A

having a body temperature varying with that of the environment

examples; Lizards, snakes, Crocodiles, Frogs, Spiders, Fish

41
Q

cartilaginous fish

4-6 Definitions

A

no bones; cartilage instead

  • still vertebrates with spinal cords
  • includes sharks and rays
42
Q

sharks

4-6 Definitions

A

most are larger predators

-eat fish because people taste not preferred

43
Q

Great White Shark

A
  • Cartilaginous Fish
  • Gentle Giants
  • largest fish in the world
  • Preys are seals(mammals)
44
Q

rays

4-6 Definitions

A

diamond-shaped and thin tail

  • swim by “flapping wings”
  • most are large predators so they eat from lower trophic levels
45
Q

bony fish

4-6 Definitions

A

-have bone skeletons

over 27,000 species and diverse because areas inhabited are limited by temperature and salinity

46
Q

osmosis

4-6 Definitions

A

process where water goes through a membrane (skin) from low salinity to higher salinity

  • salt concentration in fish tissue is 18 PPT
  • ocean salinity is 35 PPT
  • fish constantly lose water due to this process
  • some fish use this for protection and lay eggs in different salinities
47
Q

salmon

4-6 Definitions

A

adjust to different salinities

  • spawn and hatch in fresh water
  • young then migrate to salt water
  • 2 to 5 years at sea as adults
  • return to original stream where hatched, and if it is not available then do not hatch
48
Q

tuna

4-6 Definitions

A

a large fish that lives in warm seas: the flesh of this fish eaten as food: 3. a large fish that lives in warm seas, or its flesh eaten as food:

49
Q

over-fishing

4-6 Definitions

A

catching more fish than reproducing

  • leads to near or full extinction
  • signs are catching fewer fish and catching smaller fish
50
Q

Atlantic cod

4-6 Definitions

A

is a benthopelagic fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans.

-marine fish

51
Q

orange roughy

4-6 Definitions

A

“slimehead” and open-ocean fish

  • life span is long (120+ years)
  • slow growth and slow production
  • fished to 3% of original numbers
  • still being fished but not long
52
Q

Alaskan pollock

4-6 Definitions

A

fast growing and short lifespan

  • good over-fishing example
  • track example and catch
  • adjust limit as needed
53
Q

factory ship

4-6 Definitions

A

Large fishing boat - have the ability to stay at sea for longer period by processing their catch onboard

54
Q

sonar

4-6 Definitions

A

sound navigation and ranging

55
Q

sustainable fishery

4-6 Definitions

A

leaving enough fish in the ocean, respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods.

56
Q

What is the most important reason small fish often travel in large schools?

4-5 Quiz

A

The large group makes it hard for predators to find an individual to attack.

57
Q

_______________ refers to using bright colors to warn predators of poisonous flesh.

4-5 Quiz

A

reverse camouflage

58
Q

________________ are fish that can change the color of their skin to blend with the sea floor.

4-5 Quiz

A

flounder

59
Q

What are the benefits of a cleaning station to large fish?

4-5 Quiz

A

They get parasites removed from their skin by smaller fish.

60
Q

Marlin are very good at catching schooling prey because

4-5 Quiz

A

they are large and very fast hunters.

they work together to keep the school of prey vulnerable.

their long bill is used to stun or kill the prey fish.

61
Q

An ambush predator hunts by

4-5 Quiz

A

holding still to surprise its prey.

hiding using camouflage.

62
Q

Which have skeletons of cartilage?

4-6 Quiz

A

sharks

63
Q

Osmosis is

4-6 Quiz

A

the process where water moves through a membrane from low salinity to high salinity.

64
Q

Which of the following are small fish that eat mainly plankton?

4-6 Quiz

A

sardines

65
Q

Pacific salmon lay their eggs

4-6 Quiz

A

n the same clear stream or river where they hatched.

66
Q

The largest sharks, rays and whales eat mainly

4-6 Quiz

A

zooplankton.

67
Q

Humans have been fishing for thousands of years. Why is over-fishing a problem now but not 200 years ago?

4-6 Quiz

A

There are more fishermen.

The fishing boats are larger.

The technology to find large schools underwater is much better.

68
Q

_______________ are members of the phytoplankton.

4-4 Quiz

A

diatoms

69
Q

Organisms that passively float in the ocean are classified as

4-4 Quiz

A

planktonic

70
Q

Which is not a member of the zooplankton?

4-4 Quiz

A

salmon

71
Q

Many sessile organisms like corals have a juvenile stage that is part of the

4-4 Quiz

A

meroplankton

72
Q

Red tides are caused by

4-4 Quiz

A

dinoflagellate blooms.

73
Q

Red tides are more common today than 30 years ago; the most likely cause is

4-4 Quiz

A

more nutrients in coastal waters from human waste.

74
Q

The largest shark, rays and whales eat mainly

A

zooplankton

75
Q

__________ are fish that can change the color of their skin to blend with the sea floor

A

flounder

76
Q

Red Tides are more common today than 30yrs ago; the most likely cause is

A

more nutrients in coastal waters from human waste

77
Q

Which is not a member of the ZOOPLANKTON?

A

diatom

Oceanography 19' (7 decks)

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