Exam Questions Flashcards
A cell or organ that sends information to the control center in negative feedback is termed a
receptor
While standing erect, the direction of caudal (from the shoulders) is
downward
The stage in a cell’s life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called
interphase
The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
homeostasis
When atoms complete their outer shell by sharing elections, they form
covalent bonds
Molecules that store and process genetic information are the
nucleic acids
AB –>A + B is to decomposition as A+ B –> AB is to
synthesis
The functional units of DNA, that when added together, contain instructions for making one or more proteins are
genes
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
water, causing decomposition
Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells
steroid hormones
Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound except
water, acids, bases, salts, proteins
proteins
The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called
translation
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules
If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a _____ feedback system
positive
The physical process by which a single animal cell completely separates into two cells is called
Cytokinesis
An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
- block ion movements
- change the shape of large complex molecules
- rendering them nonfunctional
- disrupt tissue functions
All of the above: block ion movements, change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional, disrupt tissue functions
Chromosomes consist of ___ and ____
DNA and proteins
The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is
UAG
When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates or dissolves about 50%, releasing H+ ions. This compound would be
a weak acid
Which of the following statements about the golgi apparatus is false?
- receives transport vesicles from the RER
- sends transport vesicles to the RER
- produces lysosomes
- supplies new membrane components
- produces secretory vesicles
sends transport vesicles to the RER
Each amino acid differs from another in the
nature of the R-side chain
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
- bind to ligands
- regulate the passage of water and small solutes
- act as a carrier molecules for various solutes
- act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
- serve as cell nutrients
serve as cell nutrients
____ are molecules with two fatty acids chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes
phospholipids
If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
alkaline
Ribosomes are synthesized by the
nucleolus
The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is defined as
carbohydrate
The hand is ____ to the spinal cord
distal
When activated, lysosomes function in
digestion of foreign material
Which property of water helps keep joins moving smoothly?
lubrication
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradients is called
active transport
The weaker bond between two atoms is the ___ bond
hydorgen
Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that
cells with large number of mitochondria have a high energy demand
A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it
cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months
___ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment
Exocytosis
The process of forming mRNA is called
transcription
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
diffusion
The skin swells during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a ___ fluid
hypotonic
All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes, except
- diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- vesicular transport
- osmosis
vesicular transport
Cytosine in DNA would pair with the base
guanine
A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates
phagocytosis
During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has
the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
Which has the great concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4
A pH of 4 is greater
