Exam #1

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

study of living things

Question 2

functions required of all living organisms

Answer 2

Responsiveness, reproduction, respiration, absorption, adaptability, locomotion, excretion, growth

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

study of form

Question 4

physiology

Answer 4

study of function

Question 5

Levels of organization

Answer 5

Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 6

Cells

Answer 6

smallest living units of life

Question 7

Tissues

Answer 7

2 or more cells types

Question 8

Organs

Answer 8

2 or more tissues

Question 9

What are the 11 organ systems of the human body and what are their basic functions?

Answer 9

Respiratory
Reproductive
Muscular
Endocrine
Nervous
Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Urinary
Digestive
Lymphatic
Integumentary

Question 10

What is homeostasis?

Answer 10

Maintaining a stable environment

Question 11

Neg feedback

Answer 11

receptors to oppose original stimulus

Question 12

Pos feedback

Answer 12

receptors to enhance original stimulus

Question 13

What is a molecule?

Answer 13

2 or more atoms combined

Question 14

Cation

Answer 14

an atom with positive charge. It has lost electrons. Ex. Sodium (Na)

Question 15

Anion

Answer 15

an atom with a negative charge. It has gained electrons. Ex. Chlorine (Cl)

Question 16

What is an element?

Answer 16

Pure substance consisting of the same atoms

Question 17

which element is the most common

Answer 17

oxygen 65%

Question 18

What are the top six elements that compose the human body?

Answer 18

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus

Question 19

Ionic

Answer 19

electrons are exchanged/transferred

Question 20

Covalent

Answer 20

electrons are shared

Question 21

What are chemical reactions?

Answer 21

Chemical reactions provide energy to maintain homeostasis and perform essential functions.

Question 22

Decomposition

Answer 22

molecule breaks into smaller pieces.

Question 23

Synthesis

Answer 23

molecules formed into larger molecules

Question 24

Exchange

Answer 24

molecules rearranged to form new products

Question 25

What are enzymes and why are they important?

Answer 25

proteins that lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions

Question 26

Organic molecule

Answer 26

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as primary structures

Question 27

Inorganic molecule

Answer 27

does not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as primary structures

Question 28

What functions does water perform?

Answer 28

Water is used for lubrication, reactivity, high heat capacity, and solubility.

Question 29

Hydrophobic

Answer 29

water fearing

Question 30

Hydrophilic

Answer 30

water loving

Question 31

Electrolytes

Answer 31

soluble inorganic molecules whose ions conduct electrical current in solution

Question 32

What is pH?

Answer 32

pH is the measure of H+ concentration. pH is the safe range for cellular functions to occur.

Question 33

Which end is acidic?

Answer 33

0-6 is acidic

Acids are proton donors

Question 34

Which end is basic?

Answer 34

8-14 is basic

bases are protons acceptors

Question 35

What is a buffer?

Answer 35

Buffers stabilize pH by removing or adding H+. Buffers are important for maintain homeostasis.

Question 36

Carbohydrates
 3 types

Answer 36

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 37

Monosaccharides

Answer 37

glucose, fructose galactose

Question 38

Disaccharides

Answer 38

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 39

Polysaccharides

Answer 39

glycogen

Question 40

Lipids 5 types

Answer 40

Fatty acid
Glycerides
Eicosanoids
Steroids
Phospholipids

Question 41

Proteins

Answer 41

Amino acids, Peptide, Polypeptide

Question 42

What is ATP?

Answer 42

ATP is the most common high-energy compound and provides energy for vital functions.

Question 43

What are the 3 tenets of the Cell Theory?

Answer 43

1. Cells are building blocks of all plants and animals
2. Cells are smallest units that perform vital physiological functions
3. All new cells come from the division of pre-existing cells

Question 44

Plasma/cell membrane

Answer 44

separates cytoplasm from extracellular fluid

Question 45

Cytoplasm

Answer 45

inside cell that include organelles and cytosol

Question 46

Cytosol

Answer 46

fluid inside the cell that surrounds the organelles

Question 47

Organelles

Answer 47

intracellular structures with specific functions

Question 48

Non-membranous

Answer 48

not completely enclosed by membranes

Question 49

Membranous

Answer 49

completely enclosed by membranes

Question 50

What are the 4 main components of the plasma membrane?

Answer 50

1. Integral transmembrane proteins
2. Peripheral proteins
3. Gycocalyx
4. Phospholipid bilayer

Question 51

What are the 5 functional classes of proteins that are found in the plasma membrane?

Answer 51

Anchoring proteins, recognition proteins, receptor proteins, carrier proteins, and channels

Question 52

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 52

This is the cell’s skeleton which is an internal protein framework that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility

Question 53

What are the six major parts of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 53

Microvilli, Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules, centrioles, cilia,

Question 54

What are the 2 types of ribosomes?

Answer 54

Small unit and large unit

Question 55

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 55

Receives proteins from the rough ER and renews or modifies plasma membrane and packages secretions