EXAM Q2 Flashcards
is an examination, report, survey, or evaluation.
REVIEW
are short descriptions of films, plays, concerts,
programs, etc.
REVIEW
are written to inform readers or
viewers about the event; giving also an opinion and/ or
recommendation about it.
REVIEW
TYPES OF REVIEW
Book review
Music review
Bought/ Product review
Movie review
Peer review
is a form of literary criticism in which a book is analyzed based on content, style, and merit
BOOK REVIEW
includes performance review, recording reviews and composition review
MUSIC REVIEW
is a system where creator of a new product pays a review his new product
BOUGHT/ PRODUCT REVIEW
the evaluation of a movie and its assessment
MOVIE REVIEW
the process in which scientist assess the work of their colleagues
PEER REVIEW
APPROACHES IN WRITING A REVIEW
Choose a category
Develop a clear criteria
Make a judgement
Gather Evidence
Sum it all up
put your subject in a catergory
CHOOSE A CATEGORY
this will narrow your focus and allow you to create a more effective argument
CHOOSE A CATEGORY
you need to develop a clear list on which you will base your judgement
DEVELOP YOUR CRITERIA
this list does not have to be explicitly stated in your review
DEVELOP YOUR CRITERIA
it should be clearly implied in your writing
DEVELOP YOUR CRITERIA
decide what you want to say about the subject overall
MAKE A JUDGEMENT
avoid generalities such as ‘best’ or ‘worst’
MAKE A JUDGEMENT
your readers won’t believe you if you appear too passionately positive or negative
MAKE A JUDGEMENT
make a reasoned judgement and develop it into a working thesis statement
MAKE A JUDGEMENT
like any good argument, you need to back up your claims with evidence
GATHER EVIDENCE
take your evidence directly from the subject itself in the form of examples
GATHER EVIDENCE
this will bring closure to the piece and reiterate your ideas
SUM UP
sum up conclusions at the end of your review
SUM UP
A.k.A argumentative writing is all about logic and reasoning
PERSUASIVE
also known as ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
PERSUASIVE
other term for PERSUASIVE
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
you need to choose arguments and evidence carefully so the audience would get impressed and ready to agree with your POV
PERSUASIVE
it is not that difficult to follow
PERSUASIVE ESSAY WRITING
you choose a topic (an issue, a problem) and incorporate facts, examples, and logical reasons
PERSUASIVE ESSAY WRITING
you can create a detailed argumentative essay outline and format your papers like a boss
STANDARD ESSAY STRUCTURE
THE FIVE-STEP WRITING PROCESS FOR PERSUASIVE ESSAY
- PREWRITING
- DRAFTING
- REVISING
- EDITING
- PUBLISHING
- for the Persuasive Writing
students should think about the issue and pick the side they wish to advocate
CHOOSE A POSITION
the writer must understand the reader’s perspective
UNDERSTAND THE AUDIENCE
depends upon solid, convincing evidence
DO THE RESEARCH
don’t rely on a single source, pull information from multiple websites and reference materials
DO THE RESEARCH
speak with community experts and teachers, read and take notes, there is no substitute for knowledge of both sides of the issue
DO THE RESEARCH
the most convincing evidence, as well as the key points for the opposing view
IDENTIFY THE MOST CONVINCING EVIDENCE
Steps/Parts in PREWRITING FOR THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY
- CHOOSE A POSITION
- UNDERSTAND THE AUDIENCE
- DO THE RESEARCH
- IDENTIFY THE MOST CONVINCING EVIDENCE
Structure in PERSUASIVE ESSAY OUTLINE
- INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
- BODY PARAGRAPH
- OPPOSING VIEW PARAGRAPH
- CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
grab the reader’s attention by using a “hook”
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
give an overview of the argument
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
close with a thesis statement that reveals the position to be argued
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH
each body paragraphs should focus on one piece of evidence
BODY PARAGRAPH
within each paragraph, provide sufficient supporting detail
BODY PARAGRAPH
describe and then refute the key points of the opposing view
OPPOSING VIEW PARAGRAPH
restate and reinforce the thesis and supporting evidence
CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
parts of an ESSAY STRUCTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- BODY
- CONCLUSION
Parts of a PERSUASIVE ESSAY STRUCTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- THESIS STATEMENT
- BODY
- CONCLUSION
an overview of what the essay is about
INTRODUCTION
indicating the writer’s position or opinion
THESIS STATEMENT
explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position
BODY
summary of points, final statement
CONCLUSION
is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics
PLAGIARISM
it is subject to sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work
PLAGIARISM
the modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in?
EUROPE in the 18th CENTURY, particularly with the ROMANTIC MOVEMENT
is not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting fraud
PLAGIARISM
can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement
PLAGIARISM
violation of moral rights, or torts
PLAGIARISM
in academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense
PLAGIARISM
overlap to a considerable extent, but they are not equivalent concepts
PLAGIARISM & COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
defined by copyright law and may be adjudicated by courts
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
might not be the same in all countries
PLAGIARISM
the 2 countries that consider plagiarism to be a crime
INDIA
POLAND
might be the complete opposite of “ACADEMIC DISHONESTY”
PLAGIARISM
opposite word of PLAGIARISM
ACADEMIC DISHONESTY
is not the same as copyright infringement
PLAGIARISM
both terms may apply to a particular act, they are different concepts, and false claims of authorship generally constitute plagiarism regardless of whether the material is protect by copyright
PLAGIARISM
is a violation of the rights of a copyright holder
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
when material whose use is restricted by copyright is used without consent
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
in contrast, is concerned with the unearned increment to the plagiarizing author’s reputation
PLAGIARISM
is considered a moral offense against the plagiarist’s audience
PLAGIARISM
is also considered a moral offense against anyone who has provided the plagiarist with a benefit in exchange for what is specifically supposed to be original content
PLAGIARISM
may sometimes also form part of a claim for BREACH of the plagiarist’s contract
PLAGIARISM
Acts of plagiarism may sometimes also form part of a claim for ______ of the plagiarist’s contract, or, if done knowingly, for a _____ _____
BREACH, CIVIL WRONG
8 MOST COMMON TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
- COMPLETE PLAGIARISM
- SOURCE-BASED PLAGIARISM
- MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
- ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
- DIRECT PLAGIARISM
- SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
- PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
- INACCURATE AUTHORSHIP
passing someone else’s work as your own, is not a new phenomenon in research
PLAGIARISM
it has gained greater attention with the advent of technology that has made it easier to uncover instances
PLAGIARISM
represents the most serious offense
COMPLETE PLAGIARISM
is the most severe form of plagiarism where a researcher takes a manuscript or study that someone else created
COMPLETE PLAGIARISM
may occur because of the different types of sources
SOURCE-BASED PLAGIARISM
when a researcher references a source that is incorrect or does not exist, it is a misleading citation
SOURCE-BASED PLAGIARISM
plagiarism also occurs when a researcher uses secondary source of data or information
SOURCE-BASED PLAGIARISM
is the making up of data and research findings
DATA FABRICATION
involves changing or omitting data to give a false impression
DATA FALSIFICATION
may be more difficult to detect because it interlays someone else’s phrases or text within its own research
MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
it is also known as patchwork plagiarism and it is intentional and dishonest
MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
MOSAIC PLAGIARISM is also known as?
PATCHWORK PLAGIARISM
whether intended or unintended, there is no excuse for plagiarism and the consequences are often the same
ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
plagiarism may be accidental if it occurred because of neglect, mistake, or unintentional paraphrasing
ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
students are likely to commit plagiarism, so universities should stress on the importance of education about this form of plagiarism
ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
occurs when an author copies the text of another author, word for word, without the use of quotation marks or attribution
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
passing it as his or her own
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
it is like complete plagiarism, but it refers to sections (rather than all) of another paper
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
this type of plagiarism is considered dishonest and it calls for academic disciplinary actions
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
DIRECT PLAGIARISM is also known as?
VERBATIM PLAGIARISM
it is not as common, but it is a serious infraction of academic rules and ethics
DIRECT PLAGIARISM
duplication, happens when an author reuses significant portions of his or her previously published work without attribution
SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
this type of plagiarism is most likely to involve published researchers, rather than university students
SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
the severity of this kind of infraction is under debate, depending on the copied content
SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
have strict criteria on the percentage of author’s work that is reusable
SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
many journals run manuscripts through plagiarism-detection software before considering them for review
SELF or AUTO PLAGIARISM
this is, as published on Wiley, the most common type of plagiarism
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
it involves the use of someone else’s writing with some minor changes in the sentences and using it as one’s own
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
even if the words differ, the original idea remains the same and plagiarism occurs
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
students often do not have a clear understanding of what constitutes plagiarism
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
it is also possible to commit this form of plagiarism when someone else edits a manuscript, leading to substantive changes
INACCURATE AUTHORSHIP
the recommendation is to acknowledge the contributors at the time of publication, even if they are not listed as authors
INACCURATE AUTHORSHIP
Inaccurate authorship or misleading attribution can happen in two ways:
ONE FORM
SECOND FORM
when an individual contributes to a manuscript but does not get credit for it
ONE FORM
when an individual gets credit without contributing to the work
SECOND FORM
this type of plagiarism whichever way it occurs, is a violation of the code of conduct in research
INACCURATE AUTHORSHIP
refers to the act of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own
PLAGIARISM
an ethical issue
PLAGIARISM
involves copying any work including work that has no copyright
PLAGIARISM
generally involves written work in both printed and electronic form
PLAGIARISM
not a crime under law, but has penalties
PLAGIARISM
refers to the use of copyright-protected material without the permission of the copyright holder
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
a legal issue
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
only involves work that is protected under copyright
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
involves music, art, novels, movies, website content, computer software, etc.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
a civil crime
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
is the representation of another author’s language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one’s own original owkr
PLAGIARISM
in educational contexts, there are differing definitions of plagiarism depending on the institution
PLAGIARISM
The common types of plagiarism
Verbatim Plagiarism
Patchwork Plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
Global plagiarism
Self Plagiarism
directly copying a passage of text without citation
VERBATIM PLAGIARISM
copying and pasting different pieces of text together
PATCHWORK PLAGIARISM
the results if a completely new piece of text, the words and ideas aren’t new
PATCHWORK PLAGIARISM
means rephrasing a piece of text in your own words
PARAPHRASING
without citation is the most common type of plagiarism
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
becomes plagiarism when you read a source and then rewrite its key points if they were your own ideas
PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM
use someone else’s paper, you are committing plagiarism because you are pretending that the words and ideas are yours
GLOBAL PLAGIARISM
having a friend or family write the text for you or buying an essay from a so-called essay mill
GLOBAL PLAGIARISM
occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors involved
SELF PLAGIARISM
it would be unacceptable to incorporate part of a term paper your wrote in high school into a paper assigned in a college course
SELF PLAGIARISM
also applies to submitting the same piece of work for assignment in different classes without previous permission from both professors
SELF PLAGIARISM
is a formal style of writing elaborately on a topic
REPORT WRITING
the tone is always formal
REPORT WRITING
the important section to focus on is the target audience
REPORT WRITING
Essential elements to report writing
- Written with much Analysis
- Purpose
- Write-up Flow
- 100% Correct
- Proof-reading and Fact-checking
Kinds of Report
- Informal Reports
- Formal Report
are usually short messages with free-flowing, casual use of language
INFORMAL REPORTS
generally describe the internal report/memorandum
INFORMAL REPORTS
are the shortest as well as simplest of all kinds of report
INFORMAL REPORTS
these reports are most frequently used to report in business
INFORMAL REPORTS
are generally written in memo or letter formats
INFORMAL REPORTS
is usually in the form of a person to person communication
INFORMAL REPORTS
it does not follow the rules and procedure directed by an organization
INFORMAL REPORTS
can be prepared in one page or if require it can be prepared in several pages too
INFORMAL REPORT
Main purpose of INFORMAL REPORT
Present Certain information
the main purpose is to present certain information, and there is no opportunity to add person comment or opinion in such report
INFORMAL REPORTS
are meticulously structured
FORMAL REPORT
they focus on objectivity and organization, contain deeper detail, and the writer must write them in a style that eliminates factors like personal pronouns
FORMAL REPORT
is an official report that contains detailed information, research, and data necessary to make business decisions
FORMAL REPORT
this report is generally written for the purpose of solving a problem
FORMAL REPORT
OTHER KINDS OF REPORTS
1.LONG REPORT & SHORT REPORTS
2. INTERNAL & EXTERNAL REPORTS
3. VERTICAL & LATERAL REPORTS
4. PERIODIC REPORTS
5. PROPOSAL REPORTS
a two page report or sometimes referred to as a memorandum is short, and a thirty page report is absolutely long
LONG REPORT & SHORT REPORTS
an internal reports stays within a certain organization or group of people
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL REPORTS
prepare external reports, such as a news report in the newspaper about an incident or the annual reports companies for distribution outside the organization
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL REPORTS
this is about the hierarchy of the reports’ ultimate target
VERTICAL & LATERAL REPORTS
if the report is for your management or for your mentees
VERTICAL REPORT
assist in coordination in the organization
LATERAL REPORT
are sent out on regularly pre-scheduled dates
PERIODIC REPORTS
their direction is upward and serves as management control
PERIODIC REPORTS
is a document one prepares to describe how one organization can provide a solution to a problem they are facing
PROPOSAL REPORTS
Parts of INFORMAL REPORT
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION SECTIONS
CONCLUSION
The Introductory section includes 3 parts in a INFORMAL REPORT
- A statement of the problem or situation
- The task assigned to the writer and the scope of the project
- Purpose of the report and forecasts
another aspect of report writing that is somewhat different from other business communications
READING PATTERNS
may not be read in a linear way from the first word progressing to the last
DISCUSSION SECTIONS
the writer must be certain the report is comprehensible when read in that manner
DISCUSSION SECTIONS
depending on its purpose, should remind the reader of any action needed, ask for a response, or indicate a willingness to answer questions
CONCLUSION
this section may also provide contact information for future communications
CONCLUSION
should contain a final reflection of your internship experience
INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE REPORT CONCLUSION
Steps on How to Write a REPORT
- Decide on terms of reference
- Conduct your research
- Write an Outline
- Write a first draft
- Analyze data and record findings
setting these terms helps both the writer and their readers to understand why the report is important and what it hopes to accomplish
DECIDE ON TERMS OF REFERENCE
are usually explained in the first paragraph so that the reader can determine its relevance without having to read the entire document
DECIDE ON TERMS OF REFERENCE
most reports will require you to collect a store of data that directly relates to your topic
CONDUCT YOUR RESEARCH
you may need to create charts, graphs or timelines that make your raw information easier to comprehend
CONDUCT YOUR RESEARCH
you will also need to carefully cite your sources and keep track of where and how you found your data in order to present it professionally
CONDUCT YOUR RESEARCH
