EXAM PREP Flashcards
First step of kotters theory
Creat urgency
Examine current market opportunities and analyse competitive position
Highlight impending crisis
Employees respond to visible future problem
Kotters theory step 2
Form a powerful coalition
Establish team of unobtrusive assistance (facilitators)
Kotters theory step 5
Remove obstacles
Allow participation to defuse fears
If employees are involved develop sense of ownership
Training and development
Kotters step 6
Create short term wins
Recognise employees want efforts to be recognised and appreciated
Recognition and reward to encourage risk taking and reinforce positive aspects
Define organisational inertia
An unenthusiastic response from management to proposed change
Define cost as a restraining force
Purchasing new equipment
Redundancy payments
Retraining workforce
Reorganising plant layout
Linking business objectives and strategy
Profit and profitability
Customer and staff satisfaction
Improving product quality
Define on the job training
Coaching, job rotation
Define off the job experience
Classroom activities, simulations
Define intrinsic rewards
Come from task or job itself, such as recognition or feedback or sense of achievement
Define extrinsic rewards
Outside job, may be monetary or non
Define job analysis
Study of an employees job in order to determine the duties performed , the time involved with the duties and the responsibilities and the equipment required
Define job design
Details number, kind and variety of tasks that individual employees perform in thier jobs.
What is included in the establishment phase
Planning
Recruitment
Selection
Employment arrangements and remuneration
What is included in the maintenance phase
Induction
Training and development
Recognition and reward
Performance management
What is involved in the termination phase
Termination management
Entitlement and transition issues
First two extrinsic steps of maslows
Physiological - pay for survival
Safety and security- job security
What are the three intrinsic rewards
Social - teamwork
Esteem - recognition
Self actualisation - interesting jobs , advancement
Define total quality management
Ongoing, organisation wide commitment to excellence that is applied to every aspect of the organisation
Define quality
Degree of exellence of goods and services and thier fitness for a stated purpose
Define Just in time
Materials management strategy that ensures the exact amount of material inputs will arrive only as they are needed in operations process
Define process layout
Deals with high varieties of products by grouping activities, equipment and machinery of similar function together
Define facilities design and layout
Planning the layout of workspace to streamline production processes
Define productivity
Is a measure of effiencey
Amount of output produced compared to amount of input required in production
Define social responsibility
Obligations a business has over and above its legal responsibilities to the wellbeing of employees customers shareholders and the wider community and environment
Define ethical management
Process of abiding by moral standards and doing the right thing in the interest of all stakeholders
Define problem solving management skill
Broad set of activities involved in searching for and identifying and then implementing a course of action to correct an unworkable situation
Define negotiation
The ability to resolve a dispute or to produc a satisfactory agreement on a course of action
Define a policy
Broad set of guidelines to be followed by all employees when dealing with important areas of decision making
One advantage and disadvantage of centralised system
Centralised wage fixing provides a degree of comparative wage justice and equality for all workers
The system is less flexible, same wages could span for an lso in city to a small business in a country town
One advantage and one disadvantage of decentralised system
Flexibility to introduce employment conditions that take into account the individual characteristics of each workplace
Greater inequality between wages of skilled and unskilled workers, unskilled have less bargaining power
Define leadership
Process of positively influencing and encouraging individuals to set and achieve objectives
Define cooptation high risk strategy
Selection of a influential person among the potential resistors to be involved in the development and implementation of change
Define teamwork low risk strategy
Allows everyone to buy in to the process
Creates change agents who act as catalysts assuming responsibility for managing the change
Define autocratic style
One where manager tells staff what describes have been made
Directions procedures clearly defined
Problems are dealt with quickly
Centralised top management
No employee input feel devalued
No responsibility can lead to abseentism and staff turnover
