Chapter 2.1 - 2.5 Management Structures Flashcards
Define Management hierarchy
The arrangement that provides increasing authority at higher levels of the hierarchy
The higher you are on the hierarchical structure you gain more
Accountability
Responsibility
Authority
Characteristics of a hierarchical structure include
Rigid communication Different levels of management Linear flows Centralised control Established chain of command
Define chain of command or line authority
Determines responsibility,supervision and accountability of members in an organisation
Define the principle unity of command
Each employee within an organisation should report to only one supervisor
Define span of control
Number of people a manager is directly responsible for
What are some elements of a traditional structure
Task centred
Division of labour
Rigid/Multi layered
Autocratic
What are some elements of a modern structure
People centred
Employees multi-tasked and skilled
Flexible/Flat
Democratic/ Laisser Faire
What is the purpose of a structure
Needs to work in a sequential manner, avoiding duplication of tasks and minimising work
Define a functional structure
Employees are grouped according to their job title
What are advantages of a functional structure
Advantages: efficient use of resources, obvious career pathway and specialisation of tasks
What are the disadvantages of a functional structure
Disadvantages: Lack of flexibility, bureaucratic,empire building can occur, focus is narrow department
Define divisional structure
When an organisation produces a range of products it often divides its operations into categories
What are the elements of a divisional structure
Customers
Geography
Products
Processes
What are the advantages of a divisional structure
Advantages: expertise has direction, cooperation is encouraged and greater flexibility
What are the disadvantages of a divisional structure
Disadvantages: Rivalry can be divisive, work duplicated and reduces economic scale
Define Matrix Structure
Specialists from different parts of the organisation are brought together to work on special projects
What are the advantages of a matrix structure
Advantages: flexible approach, better lines of communication, better collaboration and pooling of resources and expertise
What are the disadvantages of a matrix structure
Disadvantages: unity of command is challenged, employees may have to report it several managers
Define corporate culture
The values, ideas, expectations and beliefs shared by members
What are the elements of corporate culture
Values and practices
Symbols
Rituals
Heroes
Define values and practices
The way things are done
E.g honesty, hard work
Define symbols
Events or objects that are established to represent something the organisation believes important
Define Rituals
Routine behavioural patterns in an organisations daily life
Define heroes
Are the organisations successful employees who reflect its values
Define planning
Process of setting objectives and deciding on the methods to achieve them
Define strategic planning
Long term planning, usually over two to five years
Define tactical planning
Flexible,adaptable, medium term planning, usually over two years
Define operational planning
Specific details about the way in which the organisations will operate in the short term
Define SWOT analysis
Identification and analysis of the internal strengths,weaknesses,
opportunities and threats from the external environment
Define organising
Arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives
Define leading
Process of influencing or motivating people to work towards achieving objectives
Define controlling
Process of evaluating performance and taking corrective action to ensure that objectives are being achieved
What qualities do leaders display
Interpersonal- deal or liaise with people
Informational- the gathering and communication of information
Decision Making- identifying available options
Define policy
Set of broad guidelines to be followed when dealing with important areas of decision making
Define procedure
Series of actions enabling a policy to be put to practice
What are some changes to organisational structures
Increased competition
Fewer levels of management
Organisations require fast reaction times to changing trends
Technology has changed how we work
What responsibilities do the top senior executive management team hold
Vision
Mission statement
Strategic Planning
What responsibilities do the middle management team hold
Department/Divisional objectives
Tactical planning
What responsibilities do the frontline/supervisory management team hold
Sectional/Sub department planning
Operational planning
Define Management Structure
The ways in which the management,employees and resources of an organisation are formally arranged to achieve objectives
