Exam - Pharmacology

Question 1

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 1

the study of drugs
- drug properties, mechanisms of action, interactions
- classes of drugs, therapeutic use

Question 2

scientific basis, principles for:

Answer 2

community pharmacy
clinical pharmacology
Research

Question 3

drugs

Answer 3

chemical substances that have the potential to alter the structure and function of our bodies

Question 4

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

refers to the movement of drugs into, through and out of the body
- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

Question 5

the course of drugs through the body:

Answer 5

drug introduced into body; absorbed into body fluids, distributed to body tissue

drug binds to receptors; outer membranes, enzymes within cells

drug action; receptor is turned on or off, agonist vs. antagonist

drug is metabolized in liver; prepared for excretion

drug eliminated from body; kidneys, lungs, skin

Question 6

Drug actions

Answer 6

affect rate of existing biological function
some drugs help to repair damage
some drugs are hormones

Question 7

most drug actions are ________

Answer 7

helpful

Question 8

drug action affected by

Answer 8

quantity of drug and degree of attraction

Question 9

drug effect evaluated by:

Answer 9

potency- amount of drug needed to produce effect
efficacy - maximum therapeutic effect

Question 10

routes of administration

Answer 10

oral ingestion
intravenous
injection
inhalation
topical

Question 11

oral ingestion

Answer 11

most common
- tablets, capsules, liquids

relatively slow - must be processed by GI system
influenced by food in the stomach
often coated to protect against stomach acids

Question 12

intravenous

Answer 12

via catheter directly into vein
Most rapid route - directly into bloodstream

Question 13

inhalation

Answer 13

mouth / nose into lungs
vaporizer, mask, nasal sprays, smoking

rapid absorption via alveoli

Question 14

topical

Answer 14

applied directly to body surfaces
- high doses in local area, bypass digestion

types: percutaneous, sublingual, suppositories, cream/gels/drops

Question 15

percutaneous

Answer 15

through the skin
- slow, consistent release of drug to systemic circulation

Question 16

sublingual

Answer 16

under the tongue
- rapid absorption

Question 17

suppositories

Answer 17

rectal or vaginal
- may act locally or systemically – rapid absorption

Question 18

creams, gels, drops

Answer 18

skin, mucous membranes
- act locally

Question 19

synergism

Answer 19

effects of two or more drugs exceed individual contributions
- e.g. alcohol and barbiturates

Question 20

antagonism

Answer 20

action of one drug blocks the action of another at receptor site

Question 21

inhibition

Answer 21

effects of one drug inhibit or reduces the effects of the other

Question 22

intolerance

Answer 22

adverse reaction from drug combination

Question 23

cross-tolerance

Answer 23

develop tolerance to a similar drug

Question 24

drug class- group of medications based on

Answer 24

• chemical structure- active ingredient
• Type of action- receptor or body system affected
  *condition they are used to treat

Question 25

prescription drugs require

Answer 25

a written order from a licensed medical practitioner (MD, NP, dentist, some allied health professionals)

Question 26

antibiotics

Answer 26

treat infections caused by bacteria broad spectrum vs. specific bacteria e.g. Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline

Question 27

antidepressants

Answer 27

*treat symptoms of depression *several categories - inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters in the brain

Question 28

analgesics

Answer 28

provide pain relief - opioides or narcotics

Question 29

sedatives and tranqilizers:

Answer 29

CNS depressants sleep aids, anxiety relief, psychiatric illness tranqilizers: anti-anxiety agents, neuroleptics

Question 30

amphetamines

Answer 30

CNS stimulants treat narcolepsy, ADHD (↑ energy/alertness, ↓ appetite)

Question 31

antihypertensives

Answer 31

used to treat elevated BP

Question 32

statins

Answer 32

used to treat elevated cholesterol

Question 33

antineoplastics

Answer 33

inhibit growth of cancer cells

Question 34

antiemetics

Answer 34

used to treat nausea and vomiting

Question 35

corticosteroids

Answer 35

used to treat inflammation

Question 36

generic drugs

Answer 36

copy of brand name drugs - sold under generic name - same active ingredient as original brand-name drug - may be differences in non-active ingredients - less expensive

Question 37

OTC drugs

Answer 37

nonprescription drugs self prescribed - self-diagnosis

Question 38

OTC drugs dangers

Answer 38

subject to misuse and abuse - risk of dependency, tolerance, addiction - adverse reactions

Question 39

for weight loss what OTC drugs should you take?

Answer 39

a stimulant ans laxative

Question 40

laxatives & antidiarrheals:

Answer 40

treat constipation and diarrhea - e.g. metamucil, colace, imodium

Question 41

stimulants

Answer 41

provide energy boost - e.g. caffeine pills, coffee