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HE101 > Exam - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Exam - Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacology?

A

the study of drugs
- drug properties, mechanisms of action, interactions
- classes of drugs, therapeutic use

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2
Q

scientific basis, principles for:

A

community pharmacy
clinical pharmacology
Research

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3
Q

drugs

A

chemical substances that have the potential to alter the structure and function of our bodies

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

refers to the movement of drugs into, through and out of the body
- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

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5
Q

the course of drugs through the body:

A

drug introduced into body; absorbed into body fluids, distributed to body tissue

drug binds to receptors; outer membranes, enzymes within cells

drug action; receptor is turned on or off, agonist vs. antagonist

drug is metabolized in liver; prepared for excretion

drug eliminated from body; kidneys, lungs, skin

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6
Q

Drug actions

A

affect rate of existing biological function
some drugs help to repair damage
some drugs are hormones

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7
Q

most drug actions are ________

A

helpful

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8
Q

drug action affected by

A

quantity of drug and degree of attraction

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9
Q

drug effect evaluated by:

A

potency- amount of drug needed to produce effect
efficacy - maximum therapeutic effect

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10
Q

routes of administration

A

oral ingestion
intravenous
injection
inhalation
topical

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11
Q

oral ingestion

A

most common
- tablets, capsules, liquids

relatively slow - must be processed by GI system
influenced by food in the stomach
often coated to protect against stomach acids

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12
Q

intravenous

A

via catheter directly into vein
Most rapid route - directly into bloodstream

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13
Q

inhalation

A

mouth / nose into lungs
vaporizer, mask, nasal sprays, smoking

rapid absorption via alveoli

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14
Q

topical

A

applied directly to body surfaces
- high doses in local area, bypass digestion

types: percutaneous, sublingual, suppositories, cream/gels/drops

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15
Q

percutaneous

A

through the skin
- slow, consistent release of drug to systemic circulation

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16
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue
- rapid absorption

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17
Q

suppositories

A

rectal or vaginal
- may act locally or systemically – rapid absorption

18
Q

creams, gels, drops

A

skin, mucous membranes
- act locally

19
Q

synergism

A

effects of two or more drugs exceed individual contributions
- e.g. alcohol and barbiturates

20
Q

antagonism

A

action of one drug blocks the action of another at receptor site

21
Q

inhibition

A

effects of one drug inhibit or reduces the effects of the other

22
Q

intolerance

A

adverse reaction from drug combination

23
Q

cross-tolerance

A

develop tolerance to a similar drug

24
Q

drug class- group of medications based on

A
  • chemical structure- active ingredient
  • Type of action- receptor or body system affected
    *condition they are used to treat
25
Q

prescription drugs require

A

a written order from a licensed medical practitioner (MD, NP, dentist, some allied health professionals)

26
Q

antibiotics

A

treat infections caused by bacteria
broad spectrum vs. specific bacteria
e.g. Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline

27
Q

antidepressants

A

*treat symptoms of depression
*several categories - inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters in the brain

28
Q

analgesics

A

provide pain relief
- opioides or narcotics

29
Q

sedatives and tranqilizers:

A

CNS depressants
sleep aids, anxiety relief, psychiatric illness

tranqilizers: anti-anxiety agents, neuroleptics

30
Q

amphetamines

A

CNS stimulants
treat narcolepsy, ADHD (↑ energy/alertness, ↓ appetite)

31
Q

antihypertensives

A

used to treat elevated BP

32
Q

statins

A

used to treat elevated cholesterol

33
Q

antineoplastics

A

inhibit growth of cancer cells

34
Q

antiemetics

A

used to treat nausea and vomiting

35
Q

corticosteroids

A

used to treat inflammation

36
Q

generic drugs

A

copy of brand name drugs
- sold under generic name
- same active ingredient as original brand-name drug
- may be differences in non-active ingredients
- less expensive

37
Q

OTC drugs

A

nonprescription drugs
self prescribed - self-diagnosis

38
Q

OTC drugs dangers

A

subject to misuse and abuse
- risk of dependency, tolerance, addiction
- adverse reactions

39
Q

for weight loss what OTC drugs should you take?

A

a stimulant ans laxative

40
Q

laxatives & antidiarrheals:

A

treat constipation and diarrhea
- e.g. metamucil, colace, imodium

41
Q

stimulants

A

provide energy boost
- e.g. caffeine pills, coffee

HE101 (8 decks)

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