Exam- Addiction

Question 1

What is addiction

Answer 1

persistent compulsive dependence on a substance or behaviour

Question 2

physiology of addiction

Answer 2

• mood-altering changes in brain
• tolerance
• withdrawal

Question 3

mood-altering changes in brain

Answer 3

endorphins

Question 4

tolerance

Answer 4

need progressively larger doses to produce desired afffecr

Question 5

withdrawal

Answer 5

symptoms experienced when substance or behaviour is stopped

Question 6

addictive process - “ nurturing through avoidance”

Answer 6

avoidance–> dependance–> negative consequences–>

Question 7

signs of addiction

Answer 7

craving, compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial

Question 8

diagnosis is traditionally based on…

Answer 8

1. presence of withdrawal symptoms
2. negative consequences
3. relapse

Question 9

addictive behaviour

Answer 9

are habits that are out of control in a negative impact on a persons health

Question 10

muscle dysmorphia

Answer 10

bigorexia
- a pathological preoccupation with being larger and more msucular

Question 11

gambling

Answer 11

sports, lottery, casino games, slot machines

Question 12

gambling consequences

Answer 12

relationships, financial, work responsibilities

Question 13

shopping addiction

Answer 13

inappropriate, excessive, out-of-control spending, shopping over budget, compulsive buying, “emotional shopping”, chronic in nature, secretive

Question 14

shopping addiction consequences

Answer 14

financial problems, impaired relationships

Question 15

eating-food addiction

Answer 15

similar physiological response as drug addiction
may override satiety signals
may also develop tolerance

eat large amounts – past hunger – feeling ill
pre-occupation, interference
emotional link - withdrawal

Question 16

eating food addiction consequences

Answer 16

weight gain, relationship difficulties

Question 17

process of addiction

Answer 17

exposure, compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial

Question 18

exposure

Answer 18

• person must be exposed to a drug or behaviour
• drug/behaviour may replace unpleasant feeling or sensation
• initial pleasure or gradually (or quickly) become a focal point

Question 19

compulsion

Answer 19

distinguished by obsession, or excessive preoccupation with the behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it
repeated exposure to drug/behaviour continue despite negative effects
“normal” life likely to degenerate - family, friend, work, etc … less important

Question 20

loss of control

Answer 20

• Is the inability to reliably predict whether any isolated occurrence of the behaviour will be healthy or damaging
• Continue to behave in ways that make life worse

Question 21

negative consequences

Answer 21

Such as physical damage, legal trouble, financial problems, academic failure, and family dissolution, etc.

Question 22

Denial

Answer 22

Is the inability to perceive that the behaviour is destructive

Question 23

Factors that can contribute to addiction

Answer 23

• individual factors
• genetic predisposition
• personality traits, attitudes/beleifs
• interpersonal skills

Question 24

Addictive personalities- genetic influences

Answer 24

Heritabilities for most addictive disorders are moderate to high

Question 25

addictive personalities- personality traits

Answer 25

High neuroticism and low conscientious more prone to addiction

Question 26

Treating Addictions

Answer 26

self help groups - self help aids medications: short-term, long-term counseling & education multi-disciplinary approach not ready? - harm-reduction addictive personality? avoiding addiction: alternative activities, goals, limits self-esteem building, counseling

Question 27

treatment- intervention

Answer 27

planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addict