Exam- Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What is addiction

A

persistent compulsive dependence on a substance or behaviour

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2
Q

physiology of addiction

A
  • mood-altering changes in brain
  • tolerance
  • withdrawal
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3
Q

mood-altering changes in brain

A

endorphins

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4
Q

tolerance

A

need progressively larger doses to produce desired afffecr

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5
Q

withdrawal

A

symptoms experienced when substance or behaviour is stopped

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6
Q

addictive process - “ nurturing through avoidance”

A

avoidance–> dependance–> negative consequences–>

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7
Q

signs of addiction

A

craving, compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial

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8
Q

diagnosis is traditionally based on…

A
  1. presence of withdrawal symptoms
  2. negative consequences
  3. relapse
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9
Q

addictive behaviour

A

are habits that are out of control in a negative impact on a persons health

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10
Q

muscle dysmorphia

A

bigorexia
- a pathological preoccupation with being larger and more msucular

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11
Q

gambling

A

sports, lottery, casino games, slot machines

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12
Q

gambling consequences

A

relationships, financial, work responsibilities

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13
Q

shopping addiction

A

inappropriate, excessive, out-of-control spending, shopping over budget, compulsive buying, “emotional shopping”, chronic in nature, secretive

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14
Q

shopping addiction consequences

A

financial problems, impaired relationships

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15
Q

eating-food addiction

A

similar physiological response as drug addiction
may override satiety signals
may also develop tolerance

eat large amounts – past hunger – feeling ill
pre-occupation, interference
emotional link - withdrawal

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16
Q

eating food addiction consequences

A

weight gain, relationship difficulties

17
Q

process of addiction

A

exposure, compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial

18
Q

exposure

A
  • person must be exposed to a drug or behaviour
  • drug/behaviour may replace unpleasant feeling or sensation
  • initial pleasure or gradually (or quickly) become a focal point
19
Q

compulsion

A

distinguished by obsession, or excessive preoccupation with the behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it
repeated exposure to drug/behaviour continue despite negative effects
“normal” life likely to degenerate - family, friend, work, etc … less important

20
Q

loss of control

A
  • Is the inability to reliably predict whether any isolated occurrence of the behaviour will be healthy or damaging
  • Continue to behave in ways that make life worse
21
Q

negative consequences

A

Such as physical damage, legal trouble, financial problems, academic failure, and family dissolution, etc.

22
Q

Denial

A

Is the inability to perceive that the behaviour is destructive

23
Q

Factors that can contribute to addiction

A
  • individual factors
  • genetic predisposition
  • personality traits, attitudes/beleifs
  • interpersonal skills
24
Q

Addictive personalities- genetic influences

A

Heritabilities for most addictive disorders are moderate to high

25
Q

addictive personalities- personality traits

A

High neuroticism and low conscientious more prone to addiction

26
Q

Treating Addictions

A

self help groups - self help aids
medications: short-term, long-term
counseling & education
multi-disciplinary approach
not ready? - harm-reduction
addictive personality?
avoiding addiction:
alternative activities, goals, limits
self-esteem building, counseling

27
Q

treatment- intervention

A

planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addict