Exam- Alcohol and Tobacco Flashcards
moderate consumption of alcohol
associates with some health benefits
alcohol abuse
significant public health issue
- associates with significant morbidity and mortality
alcohol is a ______
drug
- is modifies body functions
- ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is responsible for the effects in the body
alcohol in the body
alcohol is quickly absorbed in stomach, small intestine
- broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase
- females have half the dehydrogenase compared to makes
absorption & metabolism influenced by:
amount & rate of consumption, food in stomach (less food = greater effect)
sex, body size & composition, metabolism
BAC
blood alcohol level
- concentration of alcohol in the blood
BAC can be determined by
breathalyzer
urinalysis
blood tests
drinking & driving:
≥ 0.05% provincial infraction
≥ 0.08% criminal offense
≤ 21 y, all novice drivers
- 0 tolerance
Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
CNS depressant - ↓ HR, BP, respiration
relaxation, altered mood
loss of judgment
reduced alertness, concentration, memory
slurred speech, motor impairment, vision
reduced inhibitions
Diuretic effect- ↑ urine output
↑ risk of accidents, risky behaviour, violence
alcohol poisoning
↓ respiration, coma → death
hangover cause
Dehydration
Toxic by-products
Withdrawal
long term effect- alcohol in moderation:
heart healthy
relaxation, stress relief
chronic overuse of alcohol
Liver disease– cirrhosis, fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis
elevated blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias - CVD risk
↑ risk of several cancers (To any place that alcohol touches)
damage to CNS
chronic inflammation, impaired immunity, bone loss
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal
- alcohol exposure
- Growth deficiencies
- CNS dysfunctions
- Craniofacial anomalies
One of leading causes of mental disability in N.A
Alcohol and Breastfeeding
Nursing should be avoided for 2 hours after alcohol intake
Alcohol blocks oxytocin release – decrease milk yield and milk ejection reflex
Alcoholism signs and symptoms
drink alone, secretive
life interference, “black out” periods
alcoholism
chronic and progressive disease
- becoming more common in women
causes of alcoholism
Family history
- increases risk- genetic or environmental?
Psychological
- coping strategy- stress relief, loss, relationship difficulties
Social and environmental factors
- social norms/ peer pressure, family attitudes, social change
negative effects of alcoholism
personal health effects
family dynamics
economic burden
- medical care, lost productivity
alcohol withdrawal
may involve headache, N & V, mood swings
confusion, delusion, agitation, hallucination, tremors
“Delirium tremens”
alcoholism treatment programs
residential care facilities, outpatient care
crisis centres, helplines, alcoholics anonymous (AA)
smoking is the leading cause of what
premature mortality in canada
health care costs- related to smoking
6-15% of total health care spending
smoking in the body
strong dose of nicotine (stimulant) plus 7,000 chemicals
250 chemicals harmful to human health
chemicals condense on lungs to form tar
nicotine impairs cleansing of lungs by cilia
heat from tobacco smoke harms tissues
