Exam- Alcohol and Tobacco

Question 1

moderate consumption of alcohol

Answer 1

associates with some health benefits

Question 2

alcohol abuse

Answer 2

significant public health issue
- associates with significant morbidity and mortality

Question 3

alcohol is a ______

Answer 3

drug
- is modifies body functions
- ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is responsible for the effects in the body

Question 4

alcohol in the body

Answer 4

alcohol is quickly absorbed in stomach, small intestine
- broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase
- females have half the dehydrogenase compared to makes

Question 5

absorption & metabolism influenced by:

Answer 5

amount & rate of consumption, food in stomach (less food = greater effect)

sex, body size & composition, metabolism

Question 6

BAC

Answer 6

blood alcohol level
- concentration of alcohol in the blood

Question 7

BAC can be determined by

Answer 7

breathalyzer
urinalysis
blood tests

Question 8

drinking & driving:

Answer 8

≥ 0.05% provincial infraction
≥ 0.08% criminal offense
≤ 21 y, all novice drivers
- 0 tolerance

Question 9

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

Answer 9

CNS depressant - ↓ HR, BP, respiration
relaxation, altered mood
loss of judgment
reduced alertness, concentration, memory
slurred speech, motor impairment, vision
reduced inhibitions
Diuretic effect- ↑ urine output
↑ risk of accidents, risky behaviour, violence

Question 10

alcohol poisoning

Answer 10

↓ respiration, coma → death

Question 11

hangover cause

Answer 11

Dehydration
Toxic by-products
Withdrawal

Question 12

long term effect- alcohol in moderation:

Answer 12

heart healthy
relaxation, stress relief

Question 13

chronic overuse of alcohol

Answer 13

Liver disease– cirrhosis, fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis
elevated blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias - CVD risk
↑ risk of several cancers (To any place that alcohol touches)
damage to CNS
chronic inflammation, impaired immunity, bone loss

Question 14

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 14

Cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal
- alcohol exposure
- Growth deficiencies
- CNS dysfunctions
- Craniofacial anomalies
One of leading causes of mental disability in N.A

Question 15

Alcohol and Breastfeeding

Answer 15

Nursing should be avoided for 2 hours after alcohol intake
Alcohol blocks oxytocin release – decrease milk yield and milk ejection reflex

Question 16

Alcoholism signs and symptoms

Answer 16

drink alone, secretive
life interference, “black out” periods

Question 17

alcoholism

Answer 17

chronic and progressive disease
- becoming more common in women

Question 18

causes of alcoholism

Answer 18

Family history
- increases risk- genetic or environmental?

Psychological
- coping strategy- stress relief, loss, relationship difficulties

Social and environmental factors
- social norms/ peer pressure, family attitudes, social change

Question 19

negative effects of alcoholism

Answer 19

personal health effects
family dynamics
economic burden
- medical care, lost productivity

Question 20

alcohol withdrawal

Answer 20

may involve headache, N & V, mood swings
confusion, delusion, agitation, hallucination, tremors
“Delirium tremens”

Question 21

alcoholism treatment programs

Answer 21

residential care facilities, outpatient care
crisis centres, helplines, alcoholics anonymous (AA)

Question 22

smoking is the leading cause of what

Answer 22

premature mortality in canada

Question 23

health care costs- related to smoking

Answer 23

6-15% of total health care spending

Question 24

smoking in the body

Answer 24

strong dose of nicotine (stimulant) plus 7,000 chemicals
250 chemicals harmful to human health
chemicals condense on lungs to form tar
nicotine impairs cleansing of lungs by cilia
heat from tobacco smoke harms tissues

Question 25

Electronic cigarettes

Answer 25

lack of long term safety data\
airway irritation
variable nicotine content
trace amounts of toxic chemicals
No quality control
not approved as smoking cessation aid

Question 26

nicotine health effects

Answer 26

stimulates CNS - ↑ HR, respiratory
constricts blood vessels ↑ BP, ↑ risk of blood clots
reduces appetite

Question 27

smoking harms most organs of the body

Answer 27

damages blood vessels, bronchi, alveoli
↑ inflammation, impairs immunity
causes reproductive difficulties, bone density

Question 28

Second Hand Smoke

Answer 28

classified as human carcinogen
causes lung CA in non-smoking adults
↑ ’s risk of heart disease
exposure in pregnancy
↑ ’s risk of low birth weight
children - risk of respiratory problems, SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

Question 29

Third Hand Smoke

Answer 29

Residue left in the environment
Car, clothes, furniture, walls, bedding, hair
Not eliminated by cleaning or airing out the room

Question 30

breaking the nicotine addiction - very difficult
and causes

Answer 30

irritability, restlessness, and intense cravings

Question 31

quit smoking programs:

Answer 31

nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
some prescription meds may help with cravings
smokers quit line 1-877-513-5333
online resources http://www.smokershelpline.ca/
enlist support, set a quit date, document triggers

Question 32

short term benefits of smoking cessation

Answer 32

HR and BP return to normal
Carbon monoxide levels begins to decline
improved circulation, fewer respiratory symptoms
substantial improvement in lung function within months
more energy, better sleep, taste & smell

Question 33

long term benefits of smoking cessation

Answer 33

significant reduction in cancer, COPD, CVD