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health promotion > exam ii: nutrition > Flashcards

exam ii: nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: most adults don’t meet fruit and veggie goals and have double the amt of sodium intake

A

true

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2
Q

food borne illness

A

unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemical substances

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3
Q

2010 Food Safety Modernization Act

A

FDA given new powers to police food safety - prevent food contamination

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4
Q

what are common food contaminants?

A

e.coli, salmonellosis

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5
Q

effects of e.coli in the body

A

damages intestines, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic colitis

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6
Q

effects of salmonellosis in the body

A

abdominal cramping, severe n/v, diarrhea, avoid uncooked eggs, undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk

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7
Q

exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury can lead to…

A

neurological and kidney damage

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8
Q

mad cow disease/bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

A

infectious protein like particles (PRION) = neuro degenerative

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9
Q

the 4 food safety practices are…

A

clean, separate, cook, and chill

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10
Q

health

A

merging/balancing of 5 physical and pscyhological dimensions of health

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11
Q

wellness

A

lifestyle that enhances our level of health

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12
Q

nutrition

A

study of essential nutrients and the processes by which nutrients are used by the body

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13
Q

disease prevention

A

recognition of a danger to health that could be reduced or alleviated through specific actions or changes in lifestyle behaviors

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14
Q

where is dietary inadequacy most prevalent?

A

developing countries

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15
Q

what are the 4 leading diet related causes of death

A
  1. CHD
  2. cancer
  3. CVA
  4. DM type ii
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16
Q

BMIs for the following groups:
overweight =
obese =
severely obese =

A

overweight = 25-29.9
obese = 30-39.9
severely obese = 40+

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17
Q

2 most common nutrients to be deficient from…

A

iron and calcium (anemia, osteoporosis)

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18
Q

obesity

A

disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems

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19
Q

beriberi

A

vit B1 deficiency

20
Q

rickets

A

lack of vit D or calcium

21
Q

pellegra
–> what can it lead to?

A

severe vit B3 (niacin) deficiency
- the 3 Ds: Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

22
Q

scurvy

A

vit C deficiency

23
Q

where does berberi, rickets, pellagra, and scurvy usually happen

A

in many third world countries or immigrants

24
Q

t/f: nutritional deficiencies of the past are now dietary excesses?

A

true

25
Q

nutrients

A

biochemical units of nutrition

26
Q

body must have ____ essential nutrients to function properly

A

6

27
Q

what are the 6 essential nutrients

A

carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

28
Q

kcal/g of carbs

A

4 kcal/g

29
Q

kcal/g of proteins

A

4 kcal/g

30
Q

kcal/g of fats

A

9 kcal/g

31
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

32
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B,C

33
Q

t/f FDA does require supplements to be safe and effective

A

false

34
Q

micronutrient toxicity

A

most occur through supplementation ==> acute poisoning

35
Q

which vitamins can accumulate in the body

A

fat soluble (A,D,E,K)

36
Q

_____ calorie units = kilocalorie

A

1000

37
Q

nutrigenomics

A

science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition, and health

38
Q

DRI (dietary reference intakes)

A

set values for dietary nutrient intakes of healthy ppl in North America, dirs. Used for planning and assessing diets of healthy ppl

39
Q

what is the focus of dietary reference intakes

A

optimize health and decrease risk of chronic disease thru nutrition

40
Q

dietary inadequacy

A

most prevalent in developing countries; imbalance in US impoverished areas

41
Q

factors that affect nutrition

A
  • income distribution
  • food insecurity
  • households at risk
  • need for food assistance programs
42
Q

households at risk

A
  • young children headed by single adult
  • incomes below poverty threshold
  • headed by black/hispanic adult
  • households in central city areas
43
Q

risk factors for nutritional diseases/deficiencies

A

CVD, HTN, diabetes, CAD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, GI issues, osteoporosis, eating disorder

44
Q

what is the ATP III criteria

A

adult treatment plan: helps to determine if indiv has metabolic syndrome (if 3+ criteria are met)
1. Waist cm over 40 inches (men) or 35 inches (women),
2. Blood pressure over 130/85 mmHg
3. Fasting triglyceride (TG) level over 150 mg/dl
4. Fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

45
Q

what is the DASH diet

A

“dietary approaches to stop HTN”
sodium restriction of < 2300mg/day + low fat, reduced sat/total fats, with fruits and veggies

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