exam ii: nutrition Flashcards
t/f: most adults don’t meet fruit and veggie goals and have double the amt of sodium intake
true
food borne illness
unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemical substances
2010 Food Safety Modernization Act
FDA given new powers to police food safety - prevent food contamination
what are common food contaminants?
e.coli, salmonellosis
effects of e.coli in the body
damages intestines, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic colitis
effects of salmonellosis in the body
abdominal cramping, severe n/v, diarrhea, avoid uncooked eggs, undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk
exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury can lead to…
neurological and kidney damage
mad cow disease/bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
infectious protein like particles (PRION) = neuro degenerative
the 4 food safety practices are…
clean, separate, cook, and chill
health
merging/balancing of 5 physical and pscyhological dimensions of health
wellness
lifestyle that enhances our level of health
nutrition
study of essential nutrients and the processes by which nutrients are used by the body
disease prevention
recognition of a danger to health that could be reduced or alleviated through specific actions or changes in lifestyle behaviors
where is dietary inadequacy most prevalent?
developing countries
what are the 4 leading diet related causes of death
- CHD
- cancer
- CVA
- DM type ii
BMIs for the following groups:
overweight =
obese =
severely obese =
overweight = 25-29.9
obese = 30-39.9
severely obese = 40+
2 most common nutrients to be deficient from…
iron and calcium (anemia, osteoporosis)
obesity
disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems
beriberi
vit B1 deficiency
rickets
lack of vit D or calcium
pellegra
–> what can it lead to?
severe vit B3 (niacin) deficiency
- the 3 Ds: Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
scurvy
vit C deficiency
where does berberi, rickets, pellagra, and scurvy usually happen
in many third world countries or immigrants
t/f: nutritional deficiencies of the past are now dietary excesses?
true
nutrients
biochemical units of nutrition
body must have ____ essential nutrients to function properly
6
what are the 6 essential nutrients
carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
kcal/g of carbs
4 kcal/g
kcal/g of proteins
4 kcal/g
kcal/g of fats
9 kcal/g
fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
water soluble vitamins
B,C
t/f FDA does require supplements to be safe and effective
false
micronutrient toxicity
most occur through supplementation ==> acute poisoning
which vitamins can accumulate in the body
fat soluble (A,D,E,K)
_____ calorie units = kilocalorie
1000
nutrigenomics
science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition, and health
DRI (dietary reference intakes)
set values for dietary nutrient intakes of healthy ppl in North America, dirs. Used for planning and assessing diets of healthy ppl
what is the focus of dietary reference intakes
optimize health and decrease risk of chronic disease thru nutrition
dietary inadequacy
most prevalent in developing countries; imbalance in US impoverished areas
factors that affect nutrition
- income distribution
- food insecurity
- households at risk
- need for food assistance programs
households at risk
- young children headed by single adult
- incomes below poverty threshold
- headed by black/hispanic adult
- households in central city areas
risk factors for nutritional diseases/deficiencies
CVD, HTN, diabetes, CAD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, GI issues, osteoporosis, eating disorder
what is the ATP III criteria
adult treatment plan: helps to determine if indiv has metabolic syndrome (if 3+ criteria are met)
1. Waist cm over 40 inches (men) or 35 inches (women),
2. Blood pressure over 130/85 mmHg
3. Fasting triglyceride (TG) level over 150 mg/dl
4. Fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
what is the DASH diet
“dietary approaches to stop HTN”
sodium restriction of < 2300mg/day + low fat, reduced sat/total fats, with fruits and veggies
