ch 18: toddler (12mo-3yrs) Flashcards
erikson’s psychosocial dev for toddlers
autonomy vs shame and doubt
- need to explore world and gain independence (guidance from parents)
piaget’s cognitive dev for toddlers
sensorimotor, preoperational
- egocentrism, object permanence
role of the nurse with toddler
education on changes for family and toddler
screening activities
routine health exams, vaccines
educate, advocate, plannin
toddlers grow _____inches in height per year
toddler gain _____lbs in weight per year
2-4in height/yr
4-6lbs weight/yr
what does the toddler gait/abdominal structure look like
protuberant abdomen, lumbar lordosis
changes with toddler kidneys
specific grav = adult
voluntary control of urine
changes with toddler GI
more frequent meals/snacks
functional maturity
changes with toddler respiratory
lung capacity inc
RR dec
potential for airway obstruction
why are toddlers susceptible to choking/airway obs
smaller upper resp tract diameter
what ear infection are toddlers at risk for/leading cause of hearing loss in toddlers
otitis media
changes with toddler circulatory
BP inc
HR dec
effective thermoregulation
changes with toddler immunity
active immunity by 18months
build immunity with exposure to more organisms
changes with toddler teeth
- when should all primary teeth erupt
end of toddler hood= all primary teeth
immature swallowing pattern
changes with toddler musculoskeletal
inc size/strength of muscle fibers
better motor skills
piaget’s cognitive dev for toddlers
sensorimotor, preoperational
- egocentrism, object permanence
at what age is the toddler typically ready for toilet training
18months+
how many hours of sleep does a toddler need
- how to have healthy sleep-rest pattern
12hrs with 1-2 naps
- schedule to avoid over fatigue
what should a parent do if a child is having night terrors
speak soothingly, make sure child is safe, do not wake child
amblyopia:
diminished/loss of vision, brain favors normal eye
strabismus
deviation in line of vision
red flags of toddler vision problems
rubs eyes excessively
shuts one eye, tilt head with sideways gaze
blinks, frowns, squints
recurrent styes
red encrusted/swollen eyes
what age is the child at highest risk for drowning
1-3 yrs
what can lead poisoning/plumbism lead to
neurological and intellectual damage
how much should blood levels of lead be
<5-10 mcg, or none at all rly lmao
test/screen for lead
- what route
BLL = blood lead levels, fingerstick
what are some sources of lead
homes built before 1978, old water pipes
contaminated soil, ceramics, stained glass
c/m of lead poisoning
anemia, pallor, fatigue, lead line on teeth and bones, joint pain, proteinuria, behavioral changes, HA, convulsions, irritability
long term effects of lead poisoning
behavioral vs neuro effects
BEHAVIOR: aggression, impulsivity, delinquency
NEURO: dev delay, language difficulties, learning delay, reading deficits
