ch 18: toddler (12mo-3yrs)

Question 1

erikson’s psychosocial dev for toddlers

Answer 1

autonomy vs shame and doubt
- need to explore world and gain independence (guidance from parents)

Question 2

piaget’s cognitive dev for toddlers

Answer 2

sensorimotor, preoperational
- egocentrism, object permanence

Question 3

role of the nurse with toddler

Answer 3

education on changes for family and toddler
screening activities
routine health exams, vaccines
educate, advocate, plannin

Question 4

toddlers grow _____inches in height per year
toddler gain _____lbs in weight per year

Answer 4

2-4in height/yr
4-6lbs weight/yr

Question 5

what does the toddler gait/abdominal structure look like

Answer 5

protuberant abdomen, lumbar lordosis

Question 6

changes with toddler kidneys

Answer 6

specific grav = adult
voluntary control of urine

Question 7

changes with toddler GI

Answer 7

more frequent meals/snacks
functional maturity

Question 8

changes with toddler respiratory

Answer 8

lung capacity inc
RR dec
potential for airway obstruction

Question 9

why are toddlers susceptible to choking/airway obs

Answer 9

smaller upper resp tract diameter

Question 10

what ear infection are toddlers at risk for/leading cause of hearing loss in toddlers

Answer 10

otitis media

Question 11

changes with toddler circulatory

Answer 11

BP inc
HR dec
effective thermoregulation

Question 12

changes with toddler immunity

Answer 12

active immunity by 18months
build immunity with exposure to more organisms

Question 13

changes with toddler teeth
- when should all primary teeth erupt

Answer 13

end of toddler hood= all primary teeth
immature swallowing pattern

Question 14

changes with toddler musculoskeletal

Answer 14

inc size/strength of muscle fibers
better motor skills

Question 15

piaget’s cognitive dev for toddlers

Answer 15

sensorimotor, preoperational
- egocentrism, object permanence

Question 16

at what age is the toddler typically ready for toilet training

Answer 16

18months+

Question 17

how many hours of sleep does a toddler need
- how to have healthy sleep-rest pattern

Answer 17

12hrs with 1-2 naps
- schedule to avoid over fatigue

Question 18

what should a parent do if a child is having night terrors

Answer 18

speak soothingly, make sure child is safe, do not wake child

Question 19

amblyopia:

Answer 19

diminished/loss of vision, brain favors normal eye

Question 20

strabismus

Answer 20

deviation in line of vision

Question 21

red flags of toddler vision problems

Answer 21

rubs eyes excessively
shuts one eye, tilt head with sideways gaze
blinks, frowns, squints
recurrent styes
red encrusted/swollen eyes

Question 22

what age is the child at highest risk for drowning

Answer 22

1-3 yrs

Question 23

what can lead poisoning/plumbism lead to

Answer 23

neurological and intellectual damage

Question 24

how much should blood levels of lead be

Answer 24

<5-10 mcg, or none at all rly lmao

Question 25

test/screen for lead
- what route

Answer 25

BLL = blood lead levels, fingerstick

Question 26

what are some sources of lead

Answer 26

homes built before 1978, old water pipes
contaminated soil, ceramics, stained glass

Question 27

c/m of lead poisoning

Answer 27

anemia, pallor, fatigue, lead line on teeth and bones, joint pain, proteinuria, behavioral changes, HA, convulsions, irritability

Question 28

long term effects of lead poisoning
behavioral vs neuro effects

Answer 28

BEHAVIOR: aggression, impulsivity, delinquency
NEURO: dev delay, language difficulties, learning delay, reading deficits