exam ii: childbearing Flashcards
3 stages of prenatal development
germinal, embryonic, fetal
what are some signs of pregnancy (9)
- enlarged uterus
- softening of uterine isthmus (Hegar sign)
- bluish/cyanotic color of cervicx (Chadwick’s sign)
- HCG test
- asymmetrical, softened enlargement of uterine corner (Piskacek sign)
- changes in skin pigmentation
- detection of fetal heart tones
- palpation of fetal body parts
- ultrasound demo of fetal parts
what is hegar’s sign?
softening of uterine isthmus
what is chadwick’s sign?
bluish/cyanotic color of cervix
what is piskacek sign?
asymmetrical, softened enlargement of the uterine corner caused by placental dev
preconception care
set of interventions that aim to identify & modify Biomedical, Behavioral & Social RISKS to the woman’s health or pregnancy outcome through Prevention & Management
how to maximize health outcomes in pregnancy?
education and interventions before conception or early pregnancy
when should prenatal care start?
ASAP to reduce complications during pregnancy and delivery/postpartum
childbearing
process of giving birth to babies; women of childbearing age = age when women are normally able to give birth to children
what is the APGAR score?
- what does each letter stand for
test right when baby is born to see if they need further medical assistance
a = appearance
p = pulse
g = grimace
a = activity
r = respiration
recommended weight gain for childbearing healthy BMI
25-35
recommended weight gain for childbearing underweight women
28-40
recommended weight gain for childbearing overweight women
15-25
recommended weight gain for childbearing obese women
11-20
what is nagele’s rule
take last menstrual period + 7 days - 3 months = estimated delivery of baby
explain what happens during the three trimesters
1st: rapid cellular growth, tissue formation
2nd: continued organ maturation
3rd: rapid growth + weight gain, reflexes appear
safe vaccinations for pregnant women
tetanus, diptheria, influenza
unsafe vaccinations for pregnant women
any live vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella, polio
what do TORCH levels detect
detects toxoplasmosis, hep B, rubella, cytomegaovirus, herpes simplex
toxoplasmosis
- how to prevent?
from undercooked meat, cat feces, infected soil
- handwashing, avoid cat feces, raw meat
syphilis
- how to prevent?
STI –> spontaneous
- screening high risk, antibx
rubella
- how to prevent?
will affect fetal dev of ears, eyes, hearth –> deafness
- rubella vax WHEN NOT PREGNANT, avoid pregnancy 3 months after vax
cytomegalovirus
- how to prevent?
affect fetal dev of hearing, enlarged organs, dev delay
- hygiene
herpes simplex
can lead to fetal spontaneous abortion and neuro damage
when is there a greater risk for herpes simplex infection
latter half of pregnancy
zika
- how to prevent?
spread by aedes mosquito (caribbean, central, south america)
- avoid endemic areas or sexual contact with travelers
opthalmia neonatorum
conjunctivitis of the newborn, occurs w/in first 30 days of life
HIV
can pass through placenta and infect fetus OR baby exposed to mother’s fluids and blood during delivery
teratogens
environmental agents that cause spontaneous abortions or congenital defects (risk factors: fam hx, maternal age)
infections
affect fetal growth + dev, fetus is vulnerable to biologics and env chemical that can disrupt growth and dev
alcohol
fetal alcohol syndrome → risk factor for early alcohol use/dependence in child
nicotine
prematurity, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities
secondhand smoke
can lead to asthma, SIDS, respiratory infection, ear infection
caffeine
mom should avoid overconsumption
chemical agent
mercury can affect fetal brain dev. Lead can contribute to stillbirth, abortions, preterm births, mental retardation
mechanical forces
any force from trauma = shear the placenta from the uterine wall can lead to fetal death
radiation
chromosomal changes, spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, microcephaly
