exam ii: childbearing

Question 1

3 stages of prenatal development

Answer 1

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Question 2

what are some signs of pregnancy (9)

Answer 2

• enlarged uterus
• softening of uterine isthmus (Hegar sign)
• bluish/cyanotic color of cervicx (Chadwick’s sign)
• • HCG test
• asymmetrical, softened enlargement of uterine corner (Piskacek sign)
• changes in skin pigmentation
• detection of fetal heart tones
• palpation of fetal body parts
• ultrasound demo of fetal parts

Question 3

what is hegar’s sign?

Answer 3

softening of uterine isthmus

Question 4

what is chadwick’s sign?

Answer 4

bluish/cyanotic color of cervix

Question 5

what is piskacek sign?

Answer 5

asymmetrical, softened enlargement of the uterine corner caused by placental dev

Question 6

preconception care

Answer 6

set of interventions that aim to identify & modify Biomedical, Behavioral & Social RISKS to the woman’s health or pregnancy outcome through Prevention & Management

Question 7

how to maximize health outcomes in pregnancy?

Answer 7

education and interventions before conception or early pregnancy

Question 8

when should prenatal care start?

Answer 8

ASAP to reduce complications during pregnancy and delivery/postpartum

Question 9

childbearing

Answer 9

process of giving birth to babies; women of childbearing age = age when women are normally able to give birth to children

Question 10

what is the APGAR score?
- what does each letter stand for

Answer 10

test right when baby is born to see if they need further medical assistance
a = appearance
p = pulse
g = grimace
a = activity
r = respiration

Question 11

recommended weight gain for childbearing healthy BMI

Answer 11

25-35

Question 12

recommended weight gain for childbearing underweight women

Answer 12

28-40

Question 13

recommended weight gain for childbearing overweight women

Answer 13

15-25

Question 14

recommended weight gain for childbearing obese women

Answer 14

11-20

Question 15

what is nagele’s rule

Answer 15

take last menstrual period + 7 days - 3 months = estimated delivery of baby

Question 16

explain what happens during the three trimesters

Answer 16

1st: rapid cellular growth, tissue formation
2nd: continued organ maturation
3rd: rapid growth + weight gain, reflexes appear

Question 17

safe vaccinations for pregnant women

Answer 17

tetanus, diptheria, influenza

Question 18

unsafe vaccinations for pregnant women

Answer 18

any live vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella, polio

Question 19

what do TORCH levels detect

Answer 19

detects toxoplasmosis, hep B, rubella, cytomegaovirus, herpes simplex

Question 20

toxoplasmosis
- how to prevent?

Answer 20

from undercooked meat, cat feces, infected soil
- handwashing, avoid cat feces, raw meat

Question 21

syphilis
- how to prevent?

Answer 21

STI –> spontaneous
- screening high risk, antibx

Question 22

rubella
- how to prevent?

Answer 22

will affect fetal dev of ears, eyes, hearth –> deafness
- rubella vax WHEN NOT PREGNANT, avoid pregnancy 3 months after vax

Question 23

cytomegalovirus
- how to prevent?

Answer 23

affect fetal dev of hearing, enlarged organs, dev delay
- hygiene

Question 24

herpes simplex

Answer 24

can lead to fetal spontaneous abortion and neuro damage

Question 25

when is there a greater risk for herpes simplex infection

Answer 25

latter half of pregnancy

Question 26

zika - how to prevent?

Answer 26

spread by aedes mosquito (caribbean, central, south america) - avoid endemic areas or sexual contact with travelers

Question 27

opthalmia neonatorum

Answer 27

conjunctivitis of the newborn, occurs w/in first 30 days of life

Question 28

HIV

Answer 28

can pass through placenta and infect fetus OR baby exposed to mother's fluids and blood during delivery

Question 29

teratogens

Answer 29

environmental agents that cause spontaneous abortions or congenital defects (risk factors: fam hx, maternal age)

Question 30

infections

Answer 30

affect fetal growth + dev, fetus is vulnerable to biologics and env chemical that can disrupt growth and dev

Question 31

alcohol

Answer 31

fetal alcohol syndrome → risk factor for early alcohol use/dependence in child

Question 32

nicotine

Answer 32

prematurity, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities

Question 33

secondhand smoke

Answer 33

can lead to asthma, SIDS, respiratory infection, ear infection

Question 34

caffeine

Answer 34

mom should avoid overconsumption

Question 35

chemical agent

Answer 35

mercury can affect fetal brain dev. Lead can contribute to stillbirth, abortions, preterm births, mental retardation

Question 36

mechanical forces

Answer 36

any force from trauma = shear the placenta from the uterine wall can lead to fetal death

Question 37

radiation

Answer 37

chromosomal changes, spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, microcephaly