exam 8b Flashcards
another name for spore
conidia
tichopytin made of
describe each componenet
galactomannan peptide
crude ag of dermatophytes
-cho componenet is immediate response
-peptide is delayed response
Dermatophyte test that is red in color shows
dermatophyte
ring worm of scalp Tineacapitis causative agent
M. Canis (black dot ring worm)- dermatophyte
cataneous fungi- malassezia furfur
patho and morphology and epidem
aka tinea cersicolor
morphology: short unbranched hyphy sphegetti and meatballs
patho: depifment or hyperpigment
epidem: world wide
Cutaneous fungi
morphology
epidemiology
pathogenicity
identification
aka tinea nigra
morphology: dimorphic yeast and mold grow in salt
epidemiology : tropical
pathogenicity : brown lesions
identification: KOH and microsopy
pediculosis?
caused by pediculus hamanus or lice
sucks blood
connects to hair
what are they
where are they found
bizzozero
found in the spinosum
desmosomes that connects cytoplasmic processes
basale
production:
mitotically active/inactive:
cell junctions:
cell shape:
spinosum
production:
mitotically active/inactive:
cell junctions:
cell shape:
basale
production: vit d
mitotically active/inactive: active
cell junctions: hemi and desmosome
cell shape: cuboidal to columnar
spinosum
production: vit d
mitotically active/inactive: inactive
cell junctions: desmosomes
cytoplasmic spines
cell shape: cuboidal to squamous
psarisis happens due to what
basale rapid proliferation
granulosum
thickness:
cell type:
nuclei?
corneum
thickness:
cell type:
nuclei?
granulosum
cell amount: 1 - 3 layers
cell type: squamous cell
nuclei? yes
corneum
thickness: karatinized multiple cells
cell type: squamous
nuclei? no
the follow can be seen in light microscopy or Electron microscopy
Basal Lamina
reticular lamina
basement membrane
EM
-basal lamina
-reticular lamina
light
basement membrane
name two parts of dermis and differentiate them
Papillary
-loos connective tissue
-more cells
-ground substance
-thin collagen 1 and 3
thin elstic fibers
Reticular
-dense irregular connective tissue
-lee cellular
- closely packed fiber bundles
thick collagen 1
- thick elastic fibers
what is this and where are they located
langer lines
cut perpendicular so faster healing , fiber arrangement of dermis
dermis
what are these and where are they located
keratohyaline granules (blue)
-they give kerotized feature of stratum
-mostly found in granulosum
lamella bodies (red)
-produce water barrier
-located between granulosum and corneum
what is this and its locations
hemidesmosomes
-what they do : tether keratinocytes to basal lamina
-where they are: basale
what is this and its locations
desmosome
-what they do : tether keratinocytes together
-where they are: spinosum
what is this
red
blue
where are they derived
red melanocyte - derived from nueral crest
melanocyte granules
what cell and what are the rod shapped things
where is this cell located
langerhan
-APC
-Spinosum
rod
- birbeck ganules that is made by lectin langerin
-they can internalize and degrade HIV
Merkel cell
what is it?
derived from ?
abundant where?
layer of skin?
Merkel cell
what is it? cell for sensation tactile
derived from ? ectoderm
abundant where? finger tips
layer of skin? basal
synapse with pseudounipolar nuerons
what is the blue and what cell
cytoplasmic processes of
langerhan
-APC
-Spinosum
what is this and where is it located
pacinian corpuscle
for deep pressure vibrations
located at bottom of dermis
what is this and where is it located
meissner corpuscle tactile for tactile
upper dermis
memorize
memorize …
this is part of what kind of gland
eccrine
associated with staph. aureus or streptococcus pyogene
-tsst1
-stss
-nonbollous impetigo
-necrotizing facitis
-local infecion
-spreading infection
-protein A
- protein M
-spe
-acute rheumatic fever
-type 2 necrotizing fascitis
-type 1
-tsst1 - s. aureus
-stss - step. pyrogen secondary to spe M prtotein
-nonbollous - strep py
-necrotizing facitis -strep py
-local infecion - s. aureus
-spreading infection - strep py
-protein A - s. aureus binds to Fc of IgG
- protein M - strep py… bind to cell stop phago cytosis
-spe - strep
-acute rheumatic fever - strep
-type 2 necrotizing fascitis - strep
-type 1. staph aur. and mixed anerobic and aerobic
what is munro micro abscesses located and with which dz
epidermis and dermal infiltrates
psoriasis
clumping factor vs coagulase
clumping
-cell wall protein binds firinogen and convert to fibrin for aggregation
coagulase
binds to prothrombin and converts it to fibrinogen to clot and avoid immune
-free protein
-tissue distruction
ex: hyaluronidase catase etc
-staphylokinase (fibrinolysin) : dissolves clot
penicillinase
what dz
fishlike staining with immunofluorecsence IGG immunoglobulins around epidermal cell
pemphigus vulgaris
faccid bullae
located oral and trunk
suprabasal with basal intact
what is propionibacterium
it causes actne pleomorphic aerotolerant anaerobe
folliculitis boil carbuncle
non inflammatory acne
inflammatory acne
non inflammatory acne
-microcomedome (black and white heads)
inflammatory acne - follicular contents repture to dermis
-papule
-pustules
-nodule
folliculitis
furuncles vs carbuncle
what causes it
which one is associated with hot tub
-s aureus majority
-p. aeruginosa G -
*** associated with hot tub)
furuncle is boil enlarge folliculitis carbuncle is muttiple hair follicles (dermis and sub)
cause of gas gangreen?
another name
type of toxin released
myonecrosis
- clostridium perfringens (anerobic)
-spor forming
g +
anaerobic bacillus
alpha toxin
phospholipase c a leithinase
lyse of cells
increase entropy of heart
histamine release
erythema nodosum is a type of what
panniculitis
inflammation of fat
unknown cause but can be drugs infection sarcoidosis ulcerative colisitis
malagnancy
biopsy shows muscle necrosis and gram variable and manifest of bronze, clear read blue bumps in three days of innoculation
myonecrosis or ganggreen
blepharo conj is what type of infection and what pathogen causes it
it is a pyrogenic
caused by staph
transient rapid rash with raised papules to erythematous plaque
how long does it take to form
urticaria (hives) fides within a day and happens within hours
red papules and vescicles oozing and crusted skin lesions
spongiotic dermatitis eosinophils may be present
eczematous dermatitis
types of eczematous dermatitis
how long does it take to form
atopic type 1 HSR asthma related or allerges
allergic contact dermatitis
type vour hyper sensitivity poison ivy and other agents nickle etc
happens 48 to 72 hours of contact and stays for 2-4 weeks
drug
photoexzematous
primary irritant dermatitis
macules papules vesicles and bullae target lesions symetrical distribution on extremeties ….. how long does it take to form
erythema multiforme
2 weeks to a monthand goes away after a few weeks
caused by infection and druvs
self limited
interface dermatitis is milder form
immuno fluorescence shows linear pattern immunoglobulin and compliment at basment membrane. dermo epidermal junction
bullous pemphigoid
tense bullae
IGG against BPAG 1 and 2 that causesamage to hemidesmosomes and release of basal layer from basement membrane
what is stevens johson and what is it a subtype of
when does sx occur
worst case of this
subtype of erythema multiforme
-associated with drug exposure (anticonvulsant or sulfonamides)
-sx ocurr 2 weeks to 30 days
-involves oral and other mucosa
conjuctiva
-worst case is toxic epidermal nevrosis skin following off and causes fluid loss risk of infection
pink/salmos colored plaques covered with loose silvery scales ( elbow knees scalp and soles of feet)
risk for …..
what other sx…
psarosis - hyper proliferation of kerotinocytes
risk for artharitis, heat attack and strok
other sx are nail changes
munro micro abscesses in epidermis and dermal infiltrates
what is actinic chieilosisi and what can it lead to
squamous cell carcinoma it is on lip
pruritic urple polygonal plana papules and plaques symetric involvment of writs and elbows
when does it go away
lichen planus
goes away 1-2 years and can have oral lesions
type 4 hsr
may happen with herpatitis or drug exposure
what is wickham striae and what dz is it associated with
leasions coered in reticulated or net like
lichen planus
interface dermatitis is
between dermis and epidermis angulated inflammation with apoptotic bodies part of lichen planus
what is lichen simplex chronicus
thicked epidermius
raised erythematous scaly
end result of many lesions
what is panniculitis
type 4 hypersensitivity recation of fat self limiting
erythema nodosum is most common
tender nodules involving legs
sarcoidosis
ulcertie colitis drugs infection but most unknown
impetigo is caused by what 2 things
Where is this located and what is formed
what type of skin infection
- coagulase postive staphylococci
- streptococall infection beta hemolytic
VERY CONTAGIOUS
vesicles sub corneal, nuetrophils beneath
honey covered crust
pyogenic
folliculittis is what kind of infection
pyogenic
what is a complication of pyogenic infection
lymphanitis
what are koilocytes cells and what dz are they found with…
in what layer of cell…
verucae or warts in epidermis
epidermal hyperplasia
self limited and go away after 2 years NO MALIGNANT POTENTIAL
they are vacuolated cells found in the Granular layer
Easily ruptured bullae
what disease
where is it found
pathology of dz
hsr?
pemphigus vulgaris
face scapl axilla trunk and oral lesions
supra basal - basal stays attatched to basal membrane
patho autoimmune destruction of desmosomes due to IgG agains desmoglein (type 2 HSR)
acantholosys of keratonocytes in spinosum causes supravasal bullae
tesne bullae
patho
location
bullous pemphigoid
milder than pempigus
goin abdomen in elderly and oral
immune dsetruction of hemidesmosome due to igG antibodies agains BPAG1 BPAG 2 (hemidesmosome proteins)
subepidermal
BASAL LAYER DETATCHED FROM BASEMENT MEMBRANE
dz associated with gluten sensitivity
patho
location
bullous dz
dermatitis herpetiformis
patho ig a at the tipes of dermal paillae causeing subepidermal vesicles
located at extensors surface like elbows knees back butt
what is ichthyosis
fish scales due to desquamation ( exfoliation) inheritied
what causes vertiligo
vs
cause of albinism
vertiligo
destcution of melocytes secondary to autoimmune
albinisms
looss of pigment due to mutation for ensyme tyrosinase which makes melanin
melasma
what is
who is at risk
hyperpig macules on face due to pregnancy or birth control pills go away after prego
ephelis
what is
freckels
lentigo
what is
where is it
size
linear hyperplasia melanocytes
long think rete ridges
dont get darker
in basal layer
size is 5-10 mm
morphology of malocytic nevus
morphology of dysplastic nevus
what nevus mistaken for melanoma
malanocytic 6 mm uniform pigment with defined borders
dysplastic : 6 mm macule or plaque irregular border irregular pig and target center (dark center)
blue nevus (present at birth)
what is evolution of melanocytic nevus
normal
junction - pigmented macule not elavated
compound - pigment paule elevated
dermal 0 intradermal paule - pigment fades elevated
melanocytes are in what layer of skin
basal
what is dysplastic nevus syndrom
gene mutation
multiple nevi 100
irregular shape and color (target dark in the middle)
risk of maligment melanoma
cdkn2a
usually location of squamous cell carcinoma
caused by
name its morphology
lower lip (actinic keratosis actinic cheilosisi)
caused by hpv
keratin perls
nests of basaloid (deeply basophillic) cells surrounded by palisading nuclei
what par of the body is this usually located
gene
rate of metasis
basal cell carcinoma
lower eye lid or face
rodent ulce
slow
rate metases
ptch suppressor gene inactive
is vertical or horizontal growth worse
what about vascularitity
what about nuclear atypia
vertical
no correlation with vasculature and nuclear atypia
what does dermal elastosis mean and what dz does this happen with
damage to collagen in dermis
acinic keratosis or actinic cheilosisi cheilitis (premaligment tumor
some volcano shapped noduels
whats in the center
keratin is in the center
keratoacanthoma
ptch gene mutation causes what
gorlin syndrom
basal cell carcinomas in younger people pamar pits
pautrier micro abscess associated with what dz
mycosis funoides
t cells cd 4 infiltrate epidermis and ermis to form thes micro abcess
can turn into t cell leukemia , sezary syndrom
