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BASIG q1 > exam 7 > Flashcards

exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q
  • bacteria cell membrane are the same as eukaryotic except
  • difference between our chromasome and bacteria chromasome
  • diff between our ribosomes and theirs
A
  • it doesn have sterol - such as cholesterol
  • they have one single circular chromasome and have plasmids
  • they have 70s instead of 80 s
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2
Q

Wall teichoic acid attatch to ____ (gram- or +)
Lipoteichoic teichoic acid attatch to____ (gram - or positive)

A

WTA- petpidoglycan g+
LTA- cell wall on g+

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3
Q

LPS
gram - or +
acid fast

A

gram negative

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4
Q

Peptiglycan
gram - or +
acid fast

A

both - and +

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5
Q

talk about clinical relavence for septic shock

A

lipopolysacharide of cell membrane causes this

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6
Q

Nocardia genus
gram - or +
acid fast
spores?

A

acid fast
no spores

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7
Q

Mycobacterium genus
gram - or +
acid fast
spores

A

genus of TB. Acid fast
no spores

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8
Q

what stucture gives you K antigen or capsule

A

glycocaylyx

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9
Q

what is selective activity

A

drugs are more toxic to bacteria than host

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10
Q

bacillus
gram - or +
acid fast
spores?

A

G+
spores+

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11
Q
  • sex pili = conjugated pili
  • common pili= fimbriae
    G- or +
    acid fast
A
  • sex pili = conjugated pili : G-
  • common pili= fimbriae: G + and -
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12
Q
  • glycocaylx= capsule and slime layer
  • flagellum
    G- or +
    acid fast
A
  • G + and - for both flagellum and glycocaylx
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13
Q

which media is used for fastidious micor organsism

A

enriched (has complex + growth factor)

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14
Q

Obligate vs facultative

A

obligate: picky about where they live
facultative: not picky where they live

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15
Q

Obligate aerobe vs facultative aerob vs obligate anaerobe
(enzyme for ROS?)

A

Obligate aerobe : need oxgen, Yes enzyme

facultative aerobe: does need but can use it, yes ezyme

obligate anaerobe: oxigen is toxic; no ezyme

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16
Q

what is…
capnophiles:
halophiles:
osmophiles:

A

capnophiles:need high co2
halophiles: need salt
osmophiles: need sugar

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17
Q

what does it take for a fungas to be pathogen

A

grow at 37 degrees celciuc

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18
Q

where is ergosterols found in fungi

A

cell membrane

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19
Q

name componenets of cell well of fungi and purpose
* chitin -
* Beta glucan-

A
  • chitin - polysach rigidity
  • Beta glucan- polysach serves as pamp
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20
Q

what is the target for most antifungal

A

ergosterol in the cell membrane

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21
Q

what temp does dimorphic fungi turn from mold to yeast
from yeast to mold

A
  • mold to yeast = 37
  • yeast to mold = 25
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22
Q

in terms of antifungals how do these work…
* terbinafine
* azoles
* amphotericin Nystatin
* echinocandins

A
  • terbinafine- stop synthesis of ergosterol
  • azoles-stop synthesis of ergosterol
  • amphotericin Nystatin- punch hole in cell membrane
  • echinocandins- stop synthesis of glucan
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23
Q

Re: Antifungal
what is ….

propholactic tx
preemptive
empiric
definitive

A

propholactic tx - give just in case like with pt with HIV

preemptive - + diseas but no sx or symptoms

empiric - based on signs and sx

definitive - based on defined dz

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24
Q

what is primary mycoses

A

when a fungus can only be given in a certain area. Not given person to person

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25
Q

any fungas able to grow at ____ degrees celcius is a pathogen

A

37

26
Q

Explain what each viral detection test measure
* viral culture-
* PCR-
* antigen-

A
  • viral culture- infectious virions present
  • PCR- viral dna/rna present
  • antigen- viral protein is present
27
Q

DNA dependent RNA polymerase DpRp significance in viruses

A

makes DNA genome viruses more stable due to its proof reading abilities

27
Q

+ssRNA is what type of virus?
explain how it replicates
-what is an example

A

retroviruse
* genome uses reverse transcriptase. (RNA to DNA)
* DNA into host genome via dna dependent rna polymerase
* HIV

27
Q
  • explain how dsDNA replicates.
  • which other one uses this replication method
  • name example of virus
A

genome replicated by DNA dependent DNA poly

mRNA transcribed by DNA dependent RNA poly

ssDNA replicated the same way

example is herpes

28
Q

explain replication dsRNA synthesis

A

genome replicated with RdRp which synthesized ssmRNA

29
Q

explain replication +ssRNA synthesis

A

uses rdrp or -rna intermediate

30
Q

explain replication -ssRNA synthesis

A

genome rna can not be DIRECTLY TRASCRIBED so makes +mRNA before protein syntheses
genome replicated with RdRp

31
Q

how do viruses develope antiviral restance

A

RNA dependent RNA pol and reverse transcriptase can not proof read so they end up allowing more mutation to escape

32
Q

what test shows if the sample of virus is infectious viral particles

A

culture

33
Q
A
34
Q

in regards to safety
bacteriostatic
vs
bacterialcidal

A

bacteriostatic: low dose and safe

bacterialcidal:
effective but not as safe

35
Q

which drug has the broadest spectrum of antibiotic coverage

A

cefapime

36
Q

what is post anitbiotic effect

A

when concentration of drug falls below the effective concentration of drug which increases the time in between the doses = decreasing side effects

37
Q

What is kirby buaer test

A

resistant or not - qualitative

38
Q

broth dilution test

A

quantitative test how much resistant
MIC -min inhibitory concentration
MBC - min bactericidal concentration

39
Q

skipping sulfonamides =

A

resititance

40
Q

what is O antigen and where is it found? is it on G + or -

A

attatches to stop phago cytosis

41
Q

how does s. pnemonia avoid the immune system

A

exapsulation - block phago
inactivates Ab

42
Q

how does s. s. aureus avoid the immune system

A

inactivate antibodies

43
Q

how does Mtuberculosis avoid the immune system

A

intracellular gowth and escape detetection

44
Q

what is the difference between
* antigenic drift
* antigent shift
* antigenic switch

A
  • antigenic drift = small mutation
  • antigent shift = reassortment of viral genome
  • antigenic switch= rearangement of genes
45
Q

what is the difference between

  • optical density
  • colony forming unit CFU
  • biomass
A
  • optical density = measures viable and non viable
  • colony forming unit CFU = meansues only viable cause dilute culture
  • biomass= measures viable and non viable
46
Q

what is so important with bacillus and clostridium

A

they are G + and have spores

47
Q

what are these components of fungus cell wall
* maman-
* PLM-

A
  • maman- glycoprotein large part of cell
  • PLM- Glycolipid for survival in macrophage
48
Q

what is mycoses
endemic vs opportunistic

A

dz caused by fungi
- endemic in immuno competent
- oppoturnistic in immunosuppressed

49
Q

remember

A
50
Q

what group of baltimor class uses reverse transcriptase

A

group 6 rna>dna>host genome

51
Q

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) or N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) binds to disacharides to make cell wall

A

NAM N-acetyluramic acid —- tetrapeptide linkage between nams

52
Q

what do germ tubes do

A

they help provide survival or candida albican .. exits yeast at 25 degrees celcius and at 37 degreees celcius it makes germ tubes (hyphae

53
Q

memorize

A
54
Q
A

D

55
Q

what component of cel wall are capable of producing toxic shock

A

peptidoglycan - endotoxin
lipoteichoic- can induce endotoxin like shock
lipopolysaccharide LPS=Endotoxin lipid a is septic shock

56
Q

Some viruses will disrupt _______ and _______ to push host into an abnormal s phase

A

Some viruses will disrupt ___p53____ and ____rb___ to push host into an abnormal s phase

57
Q

a mass of hyphae is known as ________

A

blastoconidia

58
Q

what agent denatures proteins and dissolves membranes

A

alcohols

59
Q
A

BASIG q1 (11 decks)

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