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Microbiology > Exam #7: Zoonotic/ Exotic Viruses > Flashcards

Exam #7: Zoonotic/ Exotic Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a zoonoses?

A

Disease of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man
- Can be direct or through an insect vector

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2
Q

What is an arboviral disease?

A

Disease that has an insect vector i.e. arthropod borne viruses

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3
Q

What is the general lifecycle of the arboviruses?

A
  • Bird natural host
  • Mosquito intermediate
  • Mosquito bites humans & infects
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4
Q

What is the most common arbovirus in the US?

A

West Nile Virus

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5
Q

What does WNV cause?

A
  • Febrile illness
  • Encephalitis in man & horses

~50% lead to encephalitis

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6
Q

When are WNV most commonly seen?

A

Summer-Fall when mosquitoes are most prevalent & people are outside

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7
Q

When has person-to-person transmission of WNV been seen?

A
  • Blood transfusion & organ transplant

- Breast feeding

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8
Q

What is West Nile Fever?

A

A summertime flu-like illness seen in ~20% of those infected with WNV

*Most infections are asymptomatic

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9
Q

What percentage of the population develops WNV neurological disease? What patient population is this most common in?

A

<1% of individuals & mostly elderly

*Thus, the greatest risk factor for WNV encephalitis or noninvasive disease is age

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10
Q

How is WNV diagnosed?

A

History–WNV or other arboviral disease should be strongly considered in adults >50 years who develop unexplained encephalitis or meningitis in the summer or early fall

  • CSF
  • Serology
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11
Q

What is the treatment for WNV?

A

Supportive therapy

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12
Q

Is there a vaccine for WNV?

A

NOT in humans, but there is one for horses

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13
Q

What is St. Louis Encephalitis Virus?

A
  • Prior to WNV, considered a major cause of arbovirus encephalitis in the US
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14
Q

How is SLE transmitted?

A

Mosquitoes

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15
Q

What symptoms are caused by SLE?

A
  • Mild disease with fever & headache

- Severe disease with more typical meningitis symptoms, paralysis, and fatality

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16
Q

How is SLE prevented & supported?

A

No vaccine

Supportive treatment

17
Q

What is Japanese Encephalitis Virus?

A

Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia

18
Q

What are Eastern, Western, & Venezuelan Encephalitis Viruses?

A

Togaviruses/ alphaviruses

19
Q

When is EEV most common?

A

Summer & fall, maybe precipitated by horse endemic

20
Q

What are the symptoms of EEV?

A 
Sudden onset fever 
Myalgia 
Headache 
Seizures
Coma
21
Q

How does WEV differ from the other arboviruses?

A

Most severe in young children instead of adults

22
Q

What is LaCrosse encephalitis virus?

A

Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)

23
Q

What is the unique feature of the Lacrosse encephalitis virus?

A

Most common in rodents & tree squirrels

24
Q

Where is Rabies not seen?

A

Australia
Great Britain
Hawaii

25
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Via saliva of infected animals

  • Bite
  • Contamination of mucous membranes
  • Aerosol
  • Transplant
26
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Rabies.

A
  • Inoculation
  • Virus enters peripheral nerve & is transported to the CNS
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Dissemination
  • Behavioral change
  • Hydrophobia
  • Coma & death
27
Q

How is Rabies prevented? How is it treated?

A

Vaccination of animals and high risk individuals (post-exposure prophylaxis & IgG)

28
Q

How is Rabies diagnosed?

A
  • Virus isolation or serology

- Negri bodies in infected neurons

29
Q

What is LCMV?

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

30
Q

How is LCMV transmitted?

A

Inhalation of infectious aerosolized particles in rodent urine, feces, or saliva

  • From common house mouse
  • Person-to-person transmission has not been reported
31
Q

What are the symptoms of LCMV?

A

Biphasic:

1) Febrile illness
2) Remission
3) Febrile illness

*Greatest concern in pregnant females

32
Q

What are prion diseases?

A

Slowly developing neurodegenerative diseases that are thought to be caused by a family of viruses known as “slow viruses,” now known to be caused by prions–small infectious proteins

33
Q

List the prion diseases.

A

Kuru
CJD
GSS
FFI

34
Q

What is the mechanism of prion disease?

A

Prions induce abnormal aggregation

Microbiology (49 decks)

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