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Microbiology > Exam #4: Respiratory Tract Infections Review > Flashcards

Exam #4: Respiratory Tract Infections Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the normal flora of the nasopharynx?

A

Streptococcus viridans
Moraxella catarrhalis
Bacterioides

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2
Q

What is the only obligate anaerobe that is part of the normal flora of the URT?

A

Bacterioides

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3
Q

What are the bacterial pathogens that invade the URT?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Neiseria meningititis
Moraxella catarrhallis

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

M-protein (degrades complement C3b)
Capsule (some, contains HA)
SPEs

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5
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

IgA protease

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6
Q

How is strep throat treated?

A

PCN

Erythromycin

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7
Q

How is Diphtheria prevented? How is Diphtheria treated?

A 
Prevention= toxoid vaccine 
Treatment= 
- PCN
- Erythromycin
- Antitoxin
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8
Q

What are the causative organisms of conjunctivitis?

A

S. pneumoniae

HiB

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9
Q

How is conjunctivitis treated?

A

Gentamicin

Ciprofloaxin

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10
Q

What are the causative agents of OM & sinusitis?

A

S. pneumoniae
HiB
M. catarrhalis

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11
Q

How are OM & sinusitis treated?

A

Ampicillin

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12
Q

How are C. trachomatis infections treated?

A

Macrolide
Tetracycline
Levofloxin

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13
Q

Which of the causative agents of typical pneumonia produces extended spectrum beta-lactamases?

A

Klebsiella pneumoiae

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14
Q

Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia does not contain peptidoglycan?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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15
Q

Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia is a parasite of amoebas?

A

Legionella pneumophila

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16
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with streptococcus pneumoniae?

A 
Surface adhesins
IgA protease
Pneumolysin
Teichoic acid & peptidoglycan
Capsule
17
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Coagulase
Protein A
PVL

18
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

LPS (endotoxin)

Capsule

19
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A 
Toxin A 
Leukocidin
PLC
Capsule
Pyocyanin
Pyoverdin
20
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

P1 Adhesin

IgM interaction–>anemia

21
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus influenza B?

A

PRP
LPS
IgA protease

22
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with Bordatella pertussis?

A

Filamentous Hemagglutinin

Pertussis Toxin

23
Q

How is typical pneumoniae caused by S. pneumoniae treated?

A

PCN or macrolide (e.g. azithromycin)

Severe= azithromycin & cephalosporin

24
Q

How is S. aureus infections treated? What about MRSA?

A 
Non-MRSA= PCN & cephalosporin
MRSA= Linezolid or vancomycin
25
Q

How is Klebsiella pneumoniae treated?

A

Getamycin/ cephalexin

Tobramycin/ampicillin

26
Q

How is Pseudomonas auerginosa treated?

A

Ticracillin or piperacillin & amikcain

27
Q

How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae treated?

A

Tetracycline & erythromycin

28
Q

How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae treated?

A

Tetracycline & erythromycin

29
Q

How is Legionella pneumphila treated?

A

Macrolide or fluoroquinolone

30
Q

How is Haemophilus influenza B treated?

A 
Severe= cephalosporin
Mild= amoxicillin
31
Q

How is Bortadella pertussis treated?

A

Macrolides

32
Q

How is TB treated?

A 
2 months of: 
Isoniazid
Ethambutol 
Pyrazinamide 
Rifampin

26 months of:
INH
Rifampind

33
Q

What bacteria cause laryngitis, tracheitis, & epiglottitis?

A

Group A Strep (S. pyogenes)
Haemophilus Influenza B
Staphylococcus aureus

34
Q

What causes bacterial bronchitis?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

35
Q

Outline the four stages of pertussis infection.

A

1) Incubation= 7-10 days asymptomatic
2) Catarrhal= 1-2 weeks of “common cold”
3) Paroxysmal= 2-4 weeks of whooping cough & post-tussive emesis
4) Convalescent= 3-4 weeks of improved cough but severe complications–pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy

36
Q

What bacteria typically cause bacterial influenza associated pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenza

37
Q

Aside from being the only DNA virus to cause the common cold, what else is unqiue about the adenovirus?

A

Contains adenoviral fiber proteins that are used for attachment & are toxic to cells

38
Q

What is the Coxsackievirus associated with aside from the common cold?

A

Herpangina
Hand-foot & mouth
Meningitis

Microbiology (49 decks)

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