Exam #4: Respiratory Tract Infections Review Flashcards
What are the normal flora of the nasopharynx?
Streptococcus viridans
Moraxella catarrhalis
Bacterioides
What is the only obligate anaerobe that is part of the normal flora of the URT?
Bacterioides
What are the bacterial pathogens that invade the URT?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Neiseria meningititis
Moraxella catarrhallis
What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pyogenes?
M-protein (degrades complement C3b)
Capsule (some, contains HA)
SPEs
What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
How is strep throat treated?
PCN
Erythromycin
How is Diphtheria prevented? How is Diphtheria treated?
Prevention= toxoid vaccine Treatment= - PCN - Erythromycin - Antitoxin
What are the causative organisms of conjunctivitis?
S. pneumoniae
HiB
How is conjunctivitis treated?
Gentamicin
Ciprofloaxin
What are the causative agents of OM & sinusitis?
S. pneumoniae
HiB
M. catarrhalis
How are OM & sinusitis treated?
Ampicillin
How are C. trachomatis infections treated?
Macrolide
Tetracycline
Levofloxin
Which of the causative agents of typical pneumonia produces extended spectrum beta-lactamases?
Klebsiella pneumoiae
Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia does not contain peptidoglycan?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia is a parasite of amoebas?
Legionella pneumophila
What are the virulence factors associated with streptococcus pneumoniae?
Surface adhesins IgA protease Pneumolysin Teichoic acid & peptidoglycan Capsule
What are the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus?
Coagulase
Protein A
PVL
What are the virulence factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae?
LPS (endotoxin)
Capsule
What are the virulence factors associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Toxin A Leukocidin PLC Capsule Pyocyanin Pyoverdin
What are the virulence factors associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
P1 Adhesin
IgM interaction–>anemia
What are the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus influenza B?
PRP
LPS
IgA protease
What are the virulence factors associated with Bordatella pertussis?
Filamentous Hemagglutinin
Pertussis Toxin
How is typical pneumoniae caused by S. pneumoniae treated?
PCN or macrolide (e.g. azithromycin)
Severe= azithromycin & cephalosporin
How is S. aureus infections treated? What about MRSA?
Non-MRSA= PCN & cephalosporin MRSA= Linezolid or vancomycin
How is Klebsiella pneumoniae treated?
Getamycin/ cephalexin
Tobramycin/ampicillin
How is Pseudomonas auerginosa treated?
Ticracillin or piperacillin & amikcain
How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae treated?
Tetracycline & erythromycin
How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae treated?
Tetracycline & erythromycin
How is Legionella pneumphila treated?
Macrolide or fluoroquinolone
How is Haemophilus influenza B treated?
Severe= cephalosporin Mild= amoxicillin
How is Bortadella pertussis treated?
Macrolides
How is TB treated?
2 months of: Isoniazid Ethambutol Pyrazinamide Rifampin
26 months of:
INH
Rifampind
What bacteria cause laryngitis, tracheitis, & epiglottitis?
Group A Strep (S. pyogenes)
Haemophilus Influenza B
Staphylococcus aureus
What causes bacterial bronchitis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Outline the four stages of pertussis infection.
1) Incubation= 7-10 days asymptomatic
2) Catarrhal= 1-2 weeks of “common cold”
3) Paroxysmal= 2-4 weeks of whooping cough & post-tussive emesis
4) Convalescent= 3-4 weeks of improved cough but severe complications–pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy
What bacteria typically cause bacterial influenza associated pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenza
Aside from being the only DNA virus to cause the common cold, what else is unqiue about the adenovirus?
Contains adenoviral fiber proteins that are used for attachment & are toxic to cells
What is the Coxsackievirus associated with aside from the common cold?
Herpangina
Hand-foot & mouth
Meningitis
