Exam #4: Respiratory Tract Infections Review

Question 1

What are the normal flora of the nasopharynx?

Answer 1

Streptococcus viridans
Moraxella catarrhalis
Bacterioides

Question 2

What is the only obligate anaerobe that is part of the normal flora of the URT?

Answer 2

Bacterioides

Question 3

What are the bacterial pathogens that invade the URT?

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Neiseria meningititis
Moraxella catarrhallis

Question 4

What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 4

M-protein (degrades complement C3b)
Capsule (some, contains HA)
SPEs

Question 5

What are the virulence factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 5

Polysaccharide capsule

IgA protease

Question 6

How is strep throat treated?

Answer 6

PCN

Erythromycin

Question 7

How is Diphtheria prevented? How is Diphtheria treated?

Answer 7

Prevention= toxoid vaccine 
Treatment= 
- PCN
- Erythromycin
- Antitoxin

Question 8

What are the causative organisms of conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

S. pneumoniae

HiB

Question 9

How is conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 9

Gentamicin

Ciprofloaxin

Question 10

What are the causative agents of OM & sinusitis?

Answer 10

S. pneumoniae
HiB
M. catarrhalis

Question 11

How are OM & sinusitis treated?

Answer 11

Ampicillin

Question 12

How are C. trachomatis infections treated?

Answer 12

Macrolide
Tetracycline
Levofloxin

Question 13

Which of the causative agents of typical pneumonia produces extended spectrum beta-lactamases?

Answer 13

Klebsiella pneumoiae

Question 14

Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia does not contain peptidoglycan?

Answer 14

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 15

Which of the causative agents of atypical pneumonia is a parasite of amoebas?

Answer 15

Legionella pneumophila

Question 16

What are the virulence factors associated with streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 16

Surface adhesins
IgA protease
Pneumolysin
Teichoic acid & peptidoglycan
Capsule

Question 17

What are the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 17

Coagulase
Protein A
PVL

Question 18

What are the virulence factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae?

Answer 18

LPS (endotoxin)

Capsule

Question 19

What are the virulence factors associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 19

Toxin A 
Leukocidin
PLC
Capsule
Pyocyanin
Pyoverdin

Question 20

What are the virulence factors associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer 20

P1 Adhesin

IgM interaction–>anemia

Question 21

What are the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus influenza B?

Answer 21

PRP
LPS
IgA protease

Question 22

What are the virulence factors associated with Bordatella pertussis?

Answer 22

Filamentous Hemagglutinin

Pertussis Toxin

Question 23

How is typical pneumoniae caused by S. pneumoniae treated?

Answer 23

PCN or macrolide (e.g. azithromycin)

Severe= azithromycin & cephalosporin

Question 24

How is S. aureus infections treated? What about MRSA?

Answer 24

Non-MRSA= PCN & cephalosporin
MRSA= Linezolid or vancomycin

Question 25

How is Klebsiella pneumoniae treated?

Answer 25

Getamycin/ cephalexin | Tobramycin/ampicillin

Question 26

How is Pseudomonas auerginosa treated?

Answer 26

Ticracillin or piperacillin & amikcain

Question 27

How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae treated?

Answer 27

Tetracycline & erythromycin

Question 28

How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae treated?

Answer 28

Tetracycline & erythromycin

Question 29

How is Legionella pneumphila treated?

Answer 29

Macrolide or fluoroquinolone

Question 30

How is Haemophilus influenza B treated?

Answer 30

``` Severe= cephalosporin Mild= amoxicillin ```

Question 31

How is Bortadella pertussis treated?

Answer 31

Macrolides

Question 32

How is TB treated?

Answer 32

``` 2 months of: Isoniazid Ethambutol Pyrazinamide Rifampin ``` 26 months of: INH Rifampind

Question 33

What bacteria cause laryngitis, tracheitis, & epiglottitis?

Answer 33

Group A Strep (S. pyogenes) Haemophilus Influenza B Staphylococcus aureus

Question 34

What causes bacterial bronchitis?

Answer 34

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 35

Outline the four stages of pertussis infection.

Answer 35

1) Incubation= 7-10 days asymptomatic 2) Catarrhal= 1-2 weeks of "common cold" 3) Paroxysmal= 2-4 weeks of whooping cough & post-tussive emesis 4) Convalescent= 3-4 weeks of improved cough but severe complications--pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy

Question 36

What bacteria typically cause bacterial influenza associated pneumonia?

Answer 36

Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenza

Question 37

Aside from being the only DNA virus to cause the common cold, what else is unqiue about the adenovirus?

Answer 37

Contains adenoviral fiber proteins that are used for attachment & are toxic to cells

Question 38

What is the Coxsackievirus associated with aside from the common cold?

Answer 38

Herpangina Hand-foot & mouth Meningitis