Exam 6: Toxicology Flashcards
Anion gap equation
(Na + K) - (Cl +HCO3)
When is an anion gap present
if greater than 14
osmolar gap equation
(2 x Na) + (BUN/2.8) + (Glu/18) + (EtOH/4.6)
when is an osmolar gap present
if greater than 10
most common drug used to prevent absorption
activated charcoal
problems with activated charcoal
difficult administration
advantages of acivated charcoal
- decreases time related problems
2. absorbs most toxins
what is used to decrease GI transit
- mag citrate
2. sorbitol
procedure used in OD
gastric lavage
what is used to make patients expel waste quickly
whole bowel irrigattion with golytely
what is effective for removing alcohol, lithium, salicylates, and theophylline
hemodialysis
opioid antidote
Naloxone
Toxic dose of acetaminophen
7.5 to 15 grams
when are peak AST/ALT levels reached after acetaminophen toxicity
72-96 hours
antidotes for acetaminophen
- NAC
2. activated charcoal
when to administer antidotes for acetaminophen
within 4 hours
salicylate toxicity concentrations
Mild: >30
Severe: >80
salicylates antidote
sodium bicarbonate
sodium bicarb monitoring
potassium
sedative antidote
flumazenil
when to not use flumazenil
patients with seizures as it can induce seizure activity
TCAs antidote
sodium bicarb
when to use sodium bicarb in TCA OD
- QRS interval > 100msec
- TCA induced arrhythimias or hypotension
- metabolic acidosis
what to use to treat extrapyramidal symptoms of atypicals
- benztropine
2. diphenhydramine
