Exam 6: Toxicology

Question 1

Anion gap equation

Answer 1

(Na + K) - (Cl +HCO3)

Question 2

When is an anion gap present

Answer 2

if greater than 14

Question 3

osmolar gap equation

Answer 3

(2 x Na) + (BUN/2.8) + (Glu/18) + (EtOH/4.6)

Question 4

when is an osmolar gap present

Answer 4

if greater than 10

Question 5

most common drug used to prevent absorption

Answer 5

activated charcoal

Question 6

problems with activated charcoal

Answer 6

difficult administration

Question 7

advantages of acivated charcoal

Answer 7

1. decreases time related problems

2. absorbs most toxins

Question 8

what is used to decrease GI transit

Answer 8

1. mag citrate

2. sorbitol

Question 9

procedure used in OD

Answer 9

gastric lavage

Question 10

what is used to make patients expel waste quickly

Answer 10

whole bowel irrigattion with golytely

Question 11

what is effective for removing alcohol, lithium, salicylates, and theophylline

Answer 11

hemodialysis

Question 12

opioid antidote

Answer 12

Naloxone

Question 13

Toxic dose of acetaminophen

Answer 13

7.5 to 15 grams

Question 14

when are peak AST/ALT levels reached after acetaminophen toxicity

Answer 14

72-96 hours

Question 15

antidotes for acetaminophen

Answer 15

1. NAC

2. activated charcoal

Question 16

when to administer antidotes for acetaminophen

Answer 16

within 4 hours

Question 17

salicylate toxicity concentrations

Answer 17

Mild: >30
Severe: >80

Question 18

salicylates antidote

Answer 18

sodium bicarbonate

Question 19

sodium bicarb monitoring

Answer 19

potassium

Question 20

sedative antidote

Answer 20

flumazenil

Question 21

when to not use flumazenil

Answer 21

patients with seizures as it can induce seizure activity

Question 22

TCAs antidote

Answer 22

sodium bicarb

Question 23

when to use sodium bicarb in TCA OD

Answer 23

1. QRS interval > 100msec
2. TCA induced arrhythimias or hypotension
3. metabolic acidosis

Question 24

what to use to treat extrapyramidal symptoms of atypicals

Answer 24

1. benztropine

2. diphenhydramine

Question 25

NMS treatment

Answer 25

1. benzos
2. dantrolene
3. bromocriptine

Question 26

serotonin syndrome treatment

Answer 26

1. benzos

2. cyproheptadine

Question 27

digoxin antidote

Answer 27

digoxin immune fab

Question 28

CCB and BB antidote

Answer 28

atropine