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PHRM 865 > Exam 6: LaCount > Flashcards

Exam 6: LaCount Flashcards

1
Q

What insect transmits malaria

A

mosquito

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2
Q

What organisms cause the vast majority of malaria infections

A
  1. Plamodium falciparum

2. Plasmodium vivax

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3
Q

What species can cause malaria relapses

A
  1. Plasmodium vivax

2. Plasmodium ovale

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4
Q

How does plasmodium flaciparum cause infection in other blood cells

A

In the red blood cell, the trophozoite multiplies, producing new merozoites. These are released when the red blood cell ruptures, and can infect other red blood cells

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5
Q

How does plasmodium flaciparum metabolize hemoglobin

A

Endocytosis of pockets of red blood cell cytoplasm through cytosomes, which transfer hemoglobin to digestive vacuoles, which will break down hemoglobin and provide amino acids to plasmodium

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6
Q

Malaria chemoprophylaxis options

A
  1. atovaquone-proguanil

2. doxycycline

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7
Q

Malaria chemoprophylaxis in sensitive parasites

A

chloroquine

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8
Q

malaria chemoprophylaxis for weekly admin, good for long trips

A

mefloquine

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9
Q

malaria chemoprophylaxis if >90% p. vivax in area

A

primaquine

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10
Q

what do tissue schizonticides do

A

kill liver stage parasites

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11
Q

what do blood schizonticides do

A

kill erythocytic forms

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12
Q

Artermisinin MOA

A
  1. May inhibit PfPI3K

2. Form free radicals

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13
Q

Artermisinin key functional group

A

endoperoxide group

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14
Q

chloroquine MOA

A
  1. inhibition of b-haematin formation and heme polymerization
  2. Fe(III)PPK complexing group
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15
Q

chloroquine MOA

A

Inhibit heme polymerization by accumulating chloroquine in food vacuole

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16
Q

quinine MOA

A

same as chlorquine

inhibits heme polymerization

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17
Q

quinine AE

A
  1. Cinchonism
  2. Stimulate uterine contractions
  3. Hemolysis
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18
Q

why does hemolysis occur as a AE for quinine

A

G6PD deficiency

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19
Q

What drugs are active against the hypnozoite stage of p. virax

A
  1. primaquine
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20
Q

primaquine activation

A

Metabolism by CYP 2D6 is necessary

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21
Q

primaquine MOA

A
  1. hydoxylation of CYP 2D6

2. Produce H2O2 to kill plasmodium parasites

22
Q

primaquine AE

A
  1. Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
23
Q

malarone components

A

proguanil + atovaquone

24
Q

proguanil MOA

A

converted to cycloguanil to be a selective inhibitor of the DHFR-TS

25
Q

atovaquone MOA

A

selective inhibitor of malaria mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex

26
Q

doxycycline MOA

A

target components of the apicoplast

27
Q

treatment options for toxoplasmosis

A
  1. pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine (or clinda)
28
Q

treatment options for pneumocystis

A
  1. trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

2. atavaquone

29
Q

fexinidazole MOA

A

inhibit DNA synthesis

30
Q

fexinidazole SOA

A

first and second stage West African trypanosomiasis

31
Q

nifurtimox and benzidazole MOA

A

unknown

generaiton of nitro radical anions

32
Q

nifurtimox and benzidazole SOA

A

t. cruzi

late stage t. brucei

33
Q

treatment of choice for giardia lamblia

A

metronidazole

nitazoxanide

34
Q

metronidazole SOA

A

Entamoeba histolytica, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis

kills trophozoites but not cysts

35
Q

metronidazole MOA

A

nitro radicals

36
Q

cryptosporidium DOC

A

nitazoxanide

37
Q

nitazoxanide MOA

A

Uncertain

Inhibits anaerobic metabolism by disrupting energy cycle

38
Q

nitazoxanide SOA

A
  1. sporozites & oocysts of cryptosporidium

2. trophozoites of giardia

39
Q

what worms cause tapeworm infections

A
  1. taenia saginata (beef)
  2. taenia solium (pork)
  3. diphyllobothrium latum (fish)
  4. echinococcus granulosis (dog)
40
Q

What is cysticercosis

A

Ingesting eggs produced by t. solium that can hatch in the intestine, invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to striates muscles

41
Q

what is neurocysticercosis

A

brain disease of cysticercosis

42
Q

Benzimidazoles MOA

A

Binds to tubulin to inhibit formation of microtubules: inhibit cell division, secretion of parasite molecules, and glucose uptake

43
Q

Benzimidazoles affinity

A

can bind to mammalian tubulin but binds with higher affinity to helminth tubulin

44
Q

Albendazole SOA

A

cysticercosis

pinworms, hookworms, ascarisis, trichuriasis, and stronglyoidiasis

45
Q

mebendazole SOA

A

pinworms, hookworms, ascariasis, and trichuriasis

46
Q

praziquantel MOA

A

binds to heminth transient receptor ion channel to detach worm blood vessel wall by worm contraction and paralysis from the influx of calcium

47
Q

praziquantel SOA

A

cestodes and trematodes and all forms of schistosomiasis

48
Q

ivermectin DOC

A

strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis

49
Q

ivermectin MOA

A

paralyzes microfilariae to bind to GABA and increase intracellular chloride concentration to block release of progeny

DOES NOT KILL ADULT WORMS

50
Q

pyrantel SOA

A

hookworms

51
Q

pyrantel MOA

A

worms are paralyzed and expelled by releasing ACh and inhibiting cholinesterase

PHRM 865 (59 decks)

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