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PHRM 865 > Antibiotic Class Review (Erdman) > Flashcards

Antibiotic Class Review (Erdman) Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

cephalosporin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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3
Q

carbapenem mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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4
Q

monobactam mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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5
Q

fluoroquinolone mechanism of action

A

inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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6
Q

macrolide mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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7
Q

aminoglycoside mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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8
Q

vancomycin & dalbavancin mechanism of action

A

inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

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9
Q

quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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10
Q

linezolid & tedizolid mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface

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11
Q

daptomycin mechanism of action

A

causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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12
Q

telavancin & oritavancin mechanism of action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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13
Q

tetracycline mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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14
Q

tetracycline analog mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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15
Q

Bactrim mechanism of action

A

sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

polymyxin mechanism of action

A

binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg, which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

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17
Q

clindamycin mechanism of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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18
Q

metronidazole mechanism of action

A

prodrug activated by ferredoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

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19
Q

penicillin mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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20
Q

cephalosporin mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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21
Q

carbapenem mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. altered PBPs
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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22
Q

monobactam mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. β-lactamase production
  2. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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23
Q

fluoroquinolone mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
  2. efflux
  3. decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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24
Q

macrolide mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. efflux (mef)
  2. change in ribosomal binding site (erm)
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25
aminoglycoside mechanisms of resistance
1. altered aminoglycoside uptake 2. synthesis of aminoglycoside-monitoring enzymes 3. alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)
26
vancomycin & dalbavancin mechanism of resistance
modification of D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site
27
quinupristin-dalfopristin mechanism of resistance
alteration in ribosomal binding site
28
linezolid & tedizolid mechanism of resistance
alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)
29
daptomycin mechanism of resistance
altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane protein
30
telavancin & oritavancin mechanism of resistance
modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site
31
tetracycline mechanisms of resistance
1. tetracycline-specific efflux pumps 2. ribosomal protection proteins 3. enzymatic inactivation
32
tetracycline analog mechanism of resistance
multidrug efflux pump
33
*Bactrim* mechanism of resistance
mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase
34
polymyxin mechanism of resistance
alteration in outer cell membrane (decreased Ca or Mg content, decreased lipopoly-saccharide content, decreased outer membrane proteins)
35
clindamycin mechanism of resistance
alteration in ribosomal binding site (erm)
36
metronidazole mechanisms of resistance
1. altered growth requirements 2. reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene
37
Penicillins: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
38
Cephalosporins: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
39
Carbapenems: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
40
Monobactams: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
41
Fluoroquinolones: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
42
Macrolides: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
43
Aminoglycosides: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
44
Vancomycin & dalbavancin: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
45
Quinupristin-dalfopristin: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
46
Linezolid & tedizolid: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
47
Daptomycin: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
48
Telavancin & oritavancin: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
49
Tetracyclines: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
50
Tetracycline analogs: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
51
*Bactrim*: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
52
Polymyxins: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
53
Clindamycin: bactericidal or -static?
bacteriostatic
54
Metronidazole: bactericidal or -static?
bactericidal
55
Penicillins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
56
Cephalosporins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
57
Carbapenems: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
58
Monobactams: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
59
Fluoroquinolones: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
60
Macrolides: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time *(azithromycin may be concentration-depdendent against some organisms)*
61
Aminoglycosides: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
62
Vancomycin & dalbavancin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
63
Quinupristin-dalfopristin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
64
Linezolid: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
65
Tedizolid: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
66
Daptomycin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
67
Telavancin & oritavancin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
68
Tetracyclines: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
69
Tetracycline analogs: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
70
*Bactrim:* when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
71
Polymyxins: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration
72
Clindamycin: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
time
73
Metronidazole: when bactericidal, does it kill in time- or concentration-dependent manner?
concentration

PHRM 865 (59 decks)

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