Exam 6 - Hematopoietic Drugs Flashcards
Causes of anemia
- blood loss
- hemolysis
- inadequate erythropoiesis
- drugs
- infections, cancer, chronic inflammation
- iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 deficiency
Orally administered and used to prevent or treat iron deficiency (microcytic anemia)
- ferrous sulfate
- polysaccharide-iron complex
How much iron needs to be administered for deficiency?
100-200 mg/day of elemental iron
4-6 months is required
Iron adverse effects
- N&V
- diarrhea or constipation
- black stool
- liquid can stain teeth
Iron interactions - reduce absorption of iron
- bile acid resins
- antacids
- H2 antagonists
- proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Iron interactions - increase absorption of iron
ascorbic acid
Iron interactions - in which iron reduces the absorption
(separate 2 hours)
- tetracyclines
- fluoroquionlones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
- levothyroxine
Ferric gluconate adverse effects
(IV iron)
hypotension, pruritus
Iron sucrose adverse effects
(IV iron)
- hypotension, pruritus
Ferumoxytol adverse effects
- hypotension
- hypersensitivity reactions
- alter magnetic resonance imaging studies for up to 3 months after the last dose
Ferric carboxymaltose adverse effects
- hypersensitivity reactions
- HYPERTENSION
- flushing
- hypophosphatemia
Folic acid indications
- preventing and treating megaloblastic anemia (associated folic acid deficiency
- preventing spina bifida
What drugs can cause folic acid deficiency?
- trimethoprim
- methotrexate
- oral contraceptives
What drugs can inhibit folic absorption?
Cholestyramine
Phnytoin
B12 pharmacokinetics
- given orally
- administered IM
- given intranasally
B12 indications
treating B12 deficiency
B12 drug interactions
- metformine
- proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec)
- H2 receptor antagonists
- colchicine
- nitrous oxide (chronic abuse)
Epoetin
Hematopoietic growth factor
Darbepoetin
Hematopoietic growth factor
Epoetin and Darbepoetin administation
- administered parenterally to treat hematopoietic deficiencies
- need iron to maintain and support erythropoiesis
Epoetin and Darbepoetin adverse effects
- hypertension
- seizures
- thrombosis
- pure red cell aplasia
Pegfilgrastim
hematopoietic growth factor
- longer half life
Filgrastin
hematopoietic growth factor
Filgrastim and pegfilgrastim indications
- neutropenia associated w/ cancer chemotherapy
- bone marrow transplantation
