Exam 6 - Hematopoietic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of anemia

A
  • blood loss
  • hemolysis
  • inadequate erythropoiesis
  • drugs
  • infections, cancer, chronic inflammation
  • iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 deficiency
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2
Q

Orally administered and used to prevent or treat iron deficiency (microcytic anemia)

A
  • ferrous sulfate

- polysaccharide-iron complex

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3
Q

How much iron needs to be administered for deficiency?

A

100-200 mg/day of elemental iron

4-6 months is required

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4
Q

Iron adverse effects

A
  • N&V
  • diarrhea or constipation
  • black stool
  • liquid can stain teeth
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5
Q

Iron interactions - reduce absorption of iron

A
  • bile acid resins
  • antacids
  • H2 antagonists
  • proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
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6
Q

Iron interactions - increase absorption of iron

A

ascorbic acid

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7
Q

Iron interactions - in which iron reduces the absorption

A

(separate 2 hours)

  • tetracyclines
  • fluoroquionlones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
  • levothyroxine
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8
Q

Ferric gluconate adverse effects

A

(IV iron)

hypotension, pruritus

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9
Q

Iron sucrose adverse effects

A

(IV iron)

- hypotension, pruritus

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10
Q

Ferumoxytol adverse effects

A
  • hypotension
  • hypersensitivity reactions
  • alter magnetic resonance imaging studies for up to 3 months after the last dose
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11
Q

Ferric carboxymaltose adverse effects

A
  • hypersensitivity reactions
  • HYPERTENSION
  • flushing
  • hypophosphatemia
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12
Q

Folic acid indications

A
  • preventing and treating megaloblastic anemia (associated folic acid deficiency
  • preventing spina bifida
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13
Q

What drugs can cause folic acid deficiency?

A
  • trimethoprim
  • methotrexate
  • oral contraceptives
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14
Q

What drugs can inhibit folic absorption?

A

Cholestyramine

Phnytoin

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15
Q

B12 pharmacokinetics

A
  • given orally
  • administered IM
  • given intranasally
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16
Q

B12 indications

A

treating B12 deficiency

17
Q

B12 drug interactions

A
  • metformine
  • proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec)
  • H2 receptor antagonists
  • colchicine
  • nitrous oxide (chronic abuse)
18
Q

Epoetin

A

Hematopoietic growth factor

19
Q

Darbepoetin

A

Hematopoietic growth factor

20
Q

Epoetin and Darbepoetin administation

A
  • administered parenterally to treat hematopoietic deficiencies
  • need iron to maintain and support erythropoiesis
21
Q

Epoetin and Darbepoetin adverse effects

A
  • hypertension
  • seizures
  • thrombosis
  • pure red cell aplasia
22
Q

Pegfilgrastim

A

hematopoietic growth factor

- longer half life

23
Q

Filgrastin

A

hematopoietic growth factor

24
Q

Filgrastim and pegfilgrastim indications

A
  • neutropenia associated w/ cancer chemotherapy

- bone marrow transplantation