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Pharmacology > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Eprelenone indications

A
  • HTN (Spironolactone is NOT indicated for HTN)
  • Heart failure
  • POST MYOCARDIAL INFACTION
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2
Q

Eprelenone

A

Aldosterone Antagonist

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3
Q

TerAZOSIN

A

Alpha blockers (antagonist)

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4
Q

Alpha blockers: MOA

A

Inhibit alpha-1 receptors, causing arteriole vasodilation

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5
Q

Alpha blockers: indications

A
  • HTN

- BPH

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6
Q

Alpha blockers: adverse effects

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • First dose syncope
  • Fluid retention
  • Increased risk of HF when used alone
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7
Q

AtenoLOL

A

B-blocker (antagonist)

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8
Q

MetoproLOL

A

B-blocker (antagonist)

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9
Q

PropranoLOL

A

B-blocker (antagonist)

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10
Q

TimoLOL

A

B-blocker (antagonist)

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11
Q

Nebivolol

A

B-blocker and vasodilator

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12
Q

Beta 1 selective at doses < or = to 10mg

A

Nebivolol

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13
Q

DoxAZOSIN

A

Alpha blockers (antagonist)

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14
Q

Labetalol

A

Alpha1 and NON SELECTIVE B-blockers

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15
Q

Carvedilol

A

Alpha1 and NON SELECTIVE B-blockers

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16
Q

B-blocker: MOA

A

Directly block adrenergic stimulation of B receptors

  • Reduce CO by decreasing heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) and contractility (negative inotropic effect)
  • Negative dromotropic effect
  • Inhibits renin secretion
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17
Q

Metoprolol XL
Cardivolol
Visoprolol

A

B-blockers indicated for heart failure

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18
Q

B-blocker indications

A
  • Ischemic heart diseas (stable/unstable angina, MI)
  • HF
  • HTN
    DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY
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19
Q

B-blockers: adverse effects

A
  • bradycardia
  • heart block (contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd degree)
  • fatigue, lethargy
  • hypotension
  • bronchoconstriction (CAUTION IN ASTHMA, USE SELECTIVE B-BLOCKERS)
  • may mask signs of hypoglycemia
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20
Q

B-blockers w/ NSAIDs

A

decrease antihypertensive effects of B-blockers

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21
Q

Clonidine

A

Central-acting alpha-2 agonist

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22
Q

Clonidine MOA

A

Directly stimulate pre-synaptic alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem (reduce sympathetic outflow)

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23
Q

Clonidine: indication

A

HTN

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24
Q

Beta 1 selective

A
  • Atenolol
  • Metoprolol
  • Bisoprolol
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25
Q 
Sedation
Fatigue
Dry Mouth
Depression
REBOUND HYPERTENSION (DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY)
A

Clonidine adverse effect

(central acting alpha-2 agonist

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26
Q

BenazePRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

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27
Q

CaptoPRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

28
Q

EnalaPRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

29
Q

LisinoPRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

30
Q

Clonidine interaction

A

Mirtazapine decreases antihypertensive effect

31
Q

Dry, non-productive cough

A

ACEI adverse effect

32
Q

RamiPRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

33
Q

Indicated for HTN (coexisting diabetes, chronic kidney disease, MI, or HF)
HF
Chronic Kidney Disease

34
Q

Adverse effects of both ACEIs and ARBs

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hypokalemia
  • Contraindicated in pregnant patients
  • Contraindicated in patients w/ bilateral renal artery stenosis
35
Q

Precaution in hypovolemia or dehydration

A

ACEI adverse effect

36
Q

QuinaPRIL

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEIs)

37
Q

Less likely to cause angioedema and cough

38
Q

Can cause spruelike enteropathy (an intestinal problem w/ severe/chronic diarrhea resulting in severe weight loss

A

Olmesartan

39
Q

Losartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

40
Q

Valsartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

41
Q

Candasartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

42
Q

Olmesartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

43
Q

Irbesartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

44
Q

Aliskiren

A

Direct renin inhibitor

45
Q

Aliskiren MOA

A

results in blockade of conversion of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I

46
Q

Aliskiren: indication

47
Q

Aliskiren: adverse effects

A
  • hyperkalemia
  • angioedema (less than ACEIs)
  • hypotension
  • hyperuricemia
48
Q

Aliskiren w/ ARBs/ACEIs in patient w/ diabetes

A

contraindicated because of risk of renal impairment (GFR<60), hypotension, and hyperkalemia

49
Q

Hydralazine

A

direct vasodilator

50
Q

Hydralazine MOA

A

directly relaxes arterial smooth muscle

51
Q

Hydralazine in combination w/ isosorbide is indicated for…?

52
Q

Lupus-like syndrome

A

Hydralazine adverse effect

53
Q

Management of HTN

A

1st ACEI (ARB if ACEI intolerant)
2nd B-blocker
3rd Spironolactone

54
Q

Other adverse effects of Hydralazine

A
  • angina
  • fluid retention
  • headache
  • tachycardia
55
Q

What can be used for HTN urgency?

56
Q

HTN emergency

A

severe elevation of BP > 180/120 complicated w/ TARGET ORGAN DYSFUNCTION

57
Q

HTN urgency

A

severe elevation of BP > 180/120 WITHOUT TARGET ORGAN DYSFUCNTION

58
Q

Management of stroke

A

Thiazide

ACEI

59
Q

Contraindicated in patients w/ a history of angioedema

A

ACEI adverse effect

60
Q

Nitroprusside indication

A

hypertensive emergency

61
Q

Headache
Cyanide toxicity
Methemoglobinemia
Increased intracranial pressure

A

Nitroprusside adverse effects

62
Q

Nitroprusside has drug interactions w/….?

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

63
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator (releases NO)

64
Q

120-139/80-89

A

Prehypertension

65
Q

140-159/90-99

A

Stage I hypertension

66
Q

> 160/>100

A

Stage II hypertension

67
Q

120/80

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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