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Pharmacology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanecol

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
  • Contraindications
    peptic ulcers
    gastrointestinal obstruction
    urinary obstruction
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2
Q

Cevimeline

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Sjogren’s syndrome
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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    open angle glycoma
    produce miosis during ophthalmic surgery
    decreased night vision
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4
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    used in differential diagnosis of muscle weakness (suspected myasthenia gravis)
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5
Q

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Myasthenia gravis
    Antidote - nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents toxicity - reverse the effects of paralyzing agents
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6
Q

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Alzheimer’s disease
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7
Q

Minimum of 24-48 hours must pass before nitrates can be used

A

Taladafil

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8
Q

Avanafil
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

A
  • Cholinergic agnonist
  • 5-Phosphodiester inhibitor
    Erectile dysfunction
    Drug interaction w/ nitrates/nitroglycerine; nitrates increase nitric oxide which increases cyclic GMP
    Alpha 1 may lead to hypotension
    3A4 inhibitors - increase levels of PDE5 inhibitors
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9
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • Cholinergic agonist
  • Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
    Highly lipid soluble - toxicity can occur after dermal exposure
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10
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BHP)

A

Tadalafil

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11
Q

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

A

Sildenafil

Tadalafil

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12
Q

Ipratropium

A

Cholinergic antagonist
COPD
Short Acting

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13
Q

Atropine

A 
Cholinergic antagonist
Produces mydriasis
DOC for bradycardia
Used to treat iritis, cyclitis
Associated w/ infection, trauma, surgery (reduce muscle spasm and pain)
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14
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

Intestinal spasms

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15
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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16
Q

Tolterodine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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17
Q

Solifenacin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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18
Q

Aclidinium

A

Cholinergic antagonist
COPD
Long acting

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19
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

Prevent motion sickness

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20
Q

Trospium

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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21
Q

Darifenacin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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22
Q

Overdose symptoms of cholinergic antagonists

A

Hot
Dry
Red
Mad

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23
Q

Atracurium
Mivacurium
Vercuronium

A
  • Nicotinic antagonists (neuromuscular blockers)
  • Competitive antagonist of Ach and NM receptors
    Induce muscle relaxation during surgery, facilitate intubation
  • Potentiated by various inhalation anesthetic agents
  • Potentiated by aminoglycosides and calcium channel blockers (CCB)
  • Effects more pronounced in patients w/ neuromuscular disorders (myasthenia gravis)
24
Q

Adverse effects / contraindications of cholinergic antagonists

A 
Causes constipation
Do not use in:
intestinal obstruction
urinary obstruction
Caution w/ GERD and patients w/ dementia
25
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Nicotinic antagonists (neuromuscular blockers)

  • Depolarizing
  • Binds to NM receptors and causes persistent depolarization of motor end plate
  • NOT REVERSED BY CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR (NO ANTIDOTE)
  • Do not use in individuals w/ ATYPICAL CHOLINESTERASE (prolonged apnea and neuromuscular paralysis)
26
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Catecholamine
  • Beta 1 > Beta 2
    vasoconstriction and increase peripheral resistance
  • Used for shock when organ function is impaired due to low BP
  • Fluid accumulation
27
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Catecholamine
  • Potent agonist for both Alpha and Beta receptors
  • Increases systolic and decreases diastolic at lower doses
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Vasoconstriction: reduces bleeding and prolong action of local anesthesia
  • Pulseless Rhythm
28
Q

Isoproterenol

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Catecholamine
  • Activates both Beta
  • Causes tachycardia and arrhythmias
29
Q

Dobutamine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Catecholamine
  • B1 > B2 > a
    Stimulates B1 but has minor effects on B2 and a receptors
    Increase CO and decrease vascular resistance (B2)
  • Acute heart failure
30
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Catecholamine
  • D1 > B1 > a1
    D1 - low doses, vasodilation, increases renal flow
    B1 - slightly higher doses, increases CO
    B2 - Even higher doses, vasoconstriction
  • Used for septic and cardiogenic shock
31
Q

Midodrine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Noncatecholamine
    a1 agonist
  • Orthostatic hypotension
    Can cause hypertension
32
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Noncatecholamine
    Selective a1 agonist
    Vasoconstriction and ocular (mydriasis)
    Maintain BP during surgery
    Makes BPH worse
    Increases intraocular pressure
33
Q

Albuterol

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Short acting Beta 2 agonist
    Inhalation
    Asthma, COPD
34
Q

Formoterol

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist
    Asthma, COPD
35
Q

Indacaterol

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist
    COPD only
36
Q

Mirabegron

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist
    B3 agonist
    Relaxes detrusor muscle during storage phase of urinary bladder fill-void cycle
    Treatment of OAB
    Increases BP, UTI
37
Q

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Imidazoline
    Ocular a2
    Reduces aqueous humor secretion
    Used for open angle glaucoma
38
Q

Salmeterol

A
  • Adrenergic agonist
  • Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist
    Asthma, COPD
    Avoid in 3A4 inhibitors (clindamycin) - due to increased risk of cardiovascular effects
39
Q

Clonidine

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Imidazoline
    a2 in CNS
    Mediate reduction of sympathetic outflow from CNS
  • Hypertensive emergency
  • Long acting for ADHD
40
Q

Facial Erythema of Rosacea

A

Brimonidine

41
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Indirect-acting adrenergic
    Increases NE and dopamine release in CNS and peripheral - vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, increase BP, CNS stimulation
  • Narcolepsy
  • ADHD
42
Q

Phentolamine

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • nonselective Alpha antagonist
    Blocks a1 and a2, vasodilation
  • Hypertensive episodes
43
Q

Pseudophedrine

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Mixed-acting adrenergic
    Activates a, very little Beta
  • Nasal decongestant
44
Q

Cocaine

A
  • Adrenergic Agonist
  • Indirect-acting adrenergic
    Increases NE and dopamine by inhibiting reuptake
45
Q

Drugs not preferred as single drug regimen for HTN

A

Doxazosin

Terazosin

46
Q

Metoprolol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist

- Selective Beta antagonist

47
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Uroselective, causes less vasodilation

Only indicated in BPH

48
Q

Doxazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Selective Alpha antagonist
    Blocks a1 receptors
    Relaxes vascular and other smooth muscles of bladder and prostate
  • First dose syncope
  • Inoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome
  • Asthenia
49
Q

Propanol

Timolol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Nonselective Beta antagonist
    Blockade of B1
  • reduces negative chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic effect
  • reduces renin secretion
  • Masks signs of hypoglycemia
  • Reduces aqueous humor secretion
    Blockade of B2
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Inhibits glyogenolysis
50
Q

Tiotropium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist
COPD
Long acting

51
Q

Timolol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist

- Nonselective Beta antagonist

52
Q

Atenolol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist

- Selective Beta antagonist

53
Q

Nebivolol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Selective Beta antagonist
    Causes vasoconstriction by increasing release of NO
54
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Alpha and non-selective Beta antagonist
    Heart failure
    Fatigue
55
Q

Labetalol

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist

- Alpha and non-selective Beta antagonist

56
Q

Metoprolol XL

A
  • Adrenergic antagonist
  • Selective Beta antagonist
    Indicated for HEART FAILURE
57
Q

Precautions w/ Alpha and Beta Antagonists

A
  • Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes
  • Should be avoided in ACUTE SETTING OF COCAINE TOXICITY in patients w/ cocaine-associated chest pain and/or MI
  • Do not abruptly disontinue

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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