Exam 3 - Antimycobacterial Drugs Flashcards
Extensively metabolized by acetylation (slow and fast acetylation)
Isoniazid
Multidrug-resistant TB is caused by an organism resistant to at least…
Isoniazid and Rifampin
Indications: treatment, prophylaxis, in neonates and children, and latent M. tuberculosis
Isoniazid
Hepatitis (risk highest in people over 50)
Isoniazid adverse effect
- monitor serum transaminase values (LFTs)
- advise patients not to drink
Peripheral neuritis (inflammation of peripheral nerves) caused by Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
Isoniazid adverse effect
- prevented by administering pyridoxine (B6)
This drug inhibits CYP 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4.
What does it interact w/?
Isoniazid
Causes increase plasma levels and toxicity of:
- Phenytoin
- Carbamazepine
- Warfarin
- Diazapam (broken down through 3A4 pathway)
Decreased effect w/ antacids containing aluminum
Isoniazid
Adverse effects: Optic neuritis, visual disturbances
Ethambutol
Drugs that cause:
Hyperuricemia, gout
Hepatitis (dark urine, abdominal pain, loss of appetite)
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Drug induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Isoniazid
Indications:
- used in combination for TB
- used in combination to treat Staphylococcal endocarditis
Rifampin
NEVER USE ALONE, develops resistance quickly if not used w/ other drugs
Rifampin
Adverse effects:
Hepatitis (monitor liver function test)
Causes REDDISH-BROWN DISCOLORATION OF SALIVA, TEARS, AND URINE
Rifampin
Causes enzyme induction
Rifampin
Inudces CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A3, CYP450
Rifampin
- accelerate metabolism of other drugs and reduce serum concentration
- patients receiving Rifamycins should be screened for drug interactions, can go through withdrawal
