Exam 6 Digestive System

Question 1

taking in food

Answer 1

ingestion

Question 2

digestion

Answer 2

breaking down food into nutrient molecules

Question 3

movement of nutrients into the blood

Answer 3

absorption

Question 4

defecation

Answer 4

excretes to rid the body of indigestible waste

Question 5

alimentary canal (GI tract)

Answer 5

continuous, coiled, hollow tube that runs from stomach to anus

Question 6

functions are chewing of food
tongue mixes chewed food with saliva
tongue initiates swallowing
taste buds on the tongue allow for taste

Answer 6

mouth

Question 7

serves as a passageway for foods, fluids, and air

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

oropharynx

Answer 8

posterior to oral cavity

Question 9

laryngopharynx

Answer 9

below the oropharynx and continuous with esophagus

Question 10

2 skeletal layers in pharynx

Answer 10

longitudinal outer layer
circular inner layer

Question 11

10 inches long, runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphram

Answer 11

esophagus

Question 12

peristalsis

Answer 12

slow rhythmic squeezing

Question 13

conducts food by peristalsis to stomach
passageway for food only

Answer 13

esophagus

Question 14

Innermost to outermost layers of tissue

Answer 14

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 15

Mucosa

Answer 15

small amount of connective tissue
scanty smooth muscle layer
lines the cavity

Question 16

submucosa

Answer 16

soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and lymphatic cells

Question 17

Muscularis externa (smooth muscle)

Answer 17

inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

Question 18

Serosa

Answer 18

contains fluid producing cells

Question 19

left side of the abdominal cavity
food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter from the esophagus
food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter

Answer 19

stomach

Question 20

regions of the stomach

Answer 20

cardial
fundus
body, greater and lesser curvature
pylorus

Question 21

how much food can the stomach stretch to hold?

Answer 21

4 L or 1 gallon

Question 22

rugae

Answer 22

internal folds of the mucosa present when stomach is empty

Question 23

lesser omentum

Answer 23

extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 24

greater omentum

Answer 24

covers the abdominal organs
fat insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs

Question 25

what is intrinsic factor from gastric juices needed for?

Answer 25

absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

Question 26

functions of the stomach

Answer 26

temporary storage for food site of food breakdown chemical breakdown of protein begins delivers chyme to the small intestine

Question 27

chyme

Answer 27

processed food

Question 28

the body's major digestive organ longest portion is 2-4 m or 7-13 ft long site of nutrient absorption of the blood muscular tube extending from the pylori sphincter to the ileocecal valve

Answer 28

small intestine

Question 29

subdivisions of the small intestine

Answer 29

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 30

where does chemical digestion begin?

Answer 30

small intestine

Question 31

enzymes in the small intestine

Answer 31

produced by intestinal cells and pancreas carried to the duodenum by pancreatic ducts

Question 32

bile in the small intestine

Answer 32

produced by the liver enters the duodenum via the bile duct

Question 33

location of where the main pancreatic duct and bile ducts join

Answer 33

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 34

structural modifications of the small intestine

Answer 34

increased surface area for food absorption villi, microvilli, and circular folds

Question 35

collections of lymphatic tissue located in submucosa of the small intestine increase in number towards the end of the small intestine

Answer 35

Peyer's patches

Question 36

large in diameter, but shorter in length than small intestine extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

Answer 36

large intestine

Question 37

subdivisions of the large intestine

Answer 37

cecum appendix colon rectum anal canal

Question 38

cecum

Answer 38

sac-like first part of the large intestine

Question 39

hangs from the cecum accumulation of lymphoid tissue

Answer 39

appendix

Question 40

external anal sphincter

Answer 40

formed by skeletal muscles and is voluntary

Question 41

internal anal sphincter

Answer 41

formed by smooth muscles and is involuntary

Question 42

3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 42

parotid glands submandibular glands sublingual glands

Question 43

mixture of mucus and serous fluid

Answer 43

saliva

Question 44

saliva contains:

Answer 44

salivary amylase lysozymes

Question 45

found posterior to the parietal peritoneum extends across the abdomen from spleen and duodenum produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down food

Answer 45

pancreas

Question 46

fluid introduced in pancreas with enzymes that neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach

Answer 46

alkaline fluid

Question 47

hormones produced by the pancreas

Answer 47

insulin and glucagon

Question 48

largest gland in the body, right side under diaphragm digestive role is to produce bile

Answer 48

liver

Question 49

leaves the liver through the common hepatic duct and enters duodenum through the bile duct

Answer 49

bile

Question 50

yellow-green, water solution containing cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes

Answer 50

bile

Question 51

breaks down fats

Answer 51

bile

Question 52

green sac found in a shallow fossa in the inferior surface of the liver

Answer 52

gallbladder

Question 53

bile backed up for storage when no digestion is occurring bile is concentrated by the removal of water when fatty food enter the duodenum, spurts out stored bile

Answer 53

gallbladder