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BIO160 > Exam 6 Digestive System > Flashcards

Exam 6 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

taking in food

A

ingestion

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2
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food into nutrient molecules

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3
Q

movement of nutrients into the blood

A

absorption

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4
Q

defecation

A

excretes to rid the body of indigestible waste

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5
Q

alimentary canal (GI tract)

A

continuous, coiled, hollow tube that runs from stomach to anus

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6
Q

functions are chewing of food
tongue mixes chewed food with saliva
tongue initiates swallowing
taste buds on the tongue allow for taste

A

mouth

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7
Q

serves as a passageway for foods, fluids, and air

A

pharynx

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8
Q

oropharynx

A

posterior to oral cavity

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9
Q

laryngopharynx

A

below the oropharynx and continuous with esophagus

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10
Q

2 skeletal layers in pharynx

A

longitudinal outer layer
circular inner layer

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11
Q

10 inches long, runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphram

A

esophagus

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12
Q

peristalsis

A

slow rhythmic squeezing

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13
Q

conducts food by peristalsis to stomach
passageway for food only

A

esophagus

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14
Q

Innermost to outermost layers of tissue

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

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15
Q

Mucosa

A

small amount of connective tissue
scanty smooth muscle layer
lines the cavity

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16
Q

submucosa

A

soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and lymphatic cells

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17
Q

Muscularis externa (smooth muscle)

A

inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

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18
Q

Serosa

A

contains fluid producing cells

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19
Q

left side of the abdominal cavity
food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter from the esophagus
food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter

A

stomach

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20
Q

regions of the stomach

A

cardial
fundus
body, greater and lesser curvature
pylorus

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21
Q

how much food can the stomach stretch to hold?

A

4 L or 1 gallon

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22
Q

rugae

A

internal folds of the mucosa present when stomach is empty

23
Q

lesser omentum

A

extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

24
Q

greater omentum

A

covers the abdominal organs
fat insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs

25
Q

what is intrinsic factor from gastric juices needed for?

A

absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

26
Q

functions of the stomach

A

temporary storage for food
site of food breakdown
chemical breakdown of protein begins
delivers chyme to the small intestine

27
Q

chyme

A

processed food

28
Q

the body’s major digestive organ
longest portion is 2-4 m or 7-13 ft long
site of nutrient absorption of the blood
muscular tube extending from the pylori sphincter to the ileocecal valve

A

small intestine

29
Q

subdivisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

30
Q

where does chemical digestion begin?

A

small intestine

31
Q

enzymes in the small intestine

A

produced by intestinal cells and pancreas
carried to the duodenum by pancreatic ducts

32
Q

bile in the small intestine

A

produced by the liver
enters the duodenum via the bile duct

33
Q

location of where the main pancreatic duct and bile ducts join

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

34
Q

structural modifications of the small intestine

A

increased surface area for food absorption
villi, microvilli, and circular folds

35
Q

collections of lymphatic tissue
located in submucosa of the small intestine
increase in number towards the end of the small intestine

A

Peyer’s patches

36
Q

large in diameter, but shorter in length than small intestine
extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

A

large intestine

37
Q

subdivisions of the large intestine

A

cecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal

38
Q

cecum

A

sac-like first part of the large intestine

39
Q

hangs from the cecum
accumulation of lymphoid tissue

A

appendix

40
Q

external anal sphincter

A

formed by skeletal muscles and is voluntary

41
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

formed by smooth muscles and is involuntary

42
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

43
Q

mixture of mucus and serous fluid

A

saliva

44
Q

saliva contains:

A

salivary amylase
lysozymes

45
Q

found posterior to the parietal peritoneum
extends across the abdomen from spleen and duodenum
produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down food

A

pancreas

46
Q

fluid introduced in pancreas with enzymes that neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach

A

alkaline fluid

47
Q

hormones produced by the pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

48
Q

largest gland in the body, right side under diaphragm
digestive role is to produce bile

A

liver

49
Q

leaves the liver through the common hepatic duct and enters duodenum through the bile duct

A

bile

50
Q

yellow-green, water solution containing cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes

A

bile

51
Q

breaks down fats

A

bile

52
Q

green sac found in a shallow fossa in the inferior surface of the liver

A

gallbladder

53
Q

bile backed up for storage when no digestion is occurring
bile is concentrated by the removal of water
when fatty food enter the duodenum, spurts out stored bile

A

gallbladder

BIO160 (7 decks)

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