Anatomy Ch 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology
Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Gross anatomy
large structures
easily observable
Microscopic anatomy
structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye
cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope
6 levels of structural organization
- atoms
- cells
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
- organisms
Integumentary System
forms the external body covering (skin)
Skeletal system
consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Muscular system
skeletal muscles
Nervous system
consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Endocrine system
secretes chemical molecules, hormones
Cardiovascular system
includes heart and blood vessels
Lymphatic system
lymphatic vessels, nodes, and lymphoid organs
Respiratory system
includes the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Digestive system
includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and accessory organs
Urinary System
includes the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra
Reproductive system
AMAB includes testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and duct system
AFAB includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Maintaining life
maintain boundaries movement responsiveness digestion metabolism excretion reproduction growth
Survival needs
nutrients oxygen water normal body temperature atmospheric pressure
Anatomical Position
stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
Superior
towards the head or upper part of a structure of the body
Inferior
away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body
Anterior
toward or at the front of the body
Posterior
toward or at the backside of the body
Medial
toward or at the middle of the body
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
Intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Proximal
close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
Distal
farther from the origin of a body or the point of attachment of a like to the body trunk
Superficial
toward or at the body surface
Deep
away from the body surface
Sagittal
divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts
Median
divides into equal left and right parts
Frontal
divides into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse
divides into superior and inferior parts
Dorsal
cranial cavity
spinal cavity
Ventrical
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions
four quadrants
nine regions
Maintaining homeostasis
Receptor
Control center
Effector
Negative feedback
most homeostasis control mechanisms
shuts off the origin stimulus or reduces its intensity
Positive feedback
rare in the human body
increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
reaction occurs at a faster rate
