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Exam 3 (Nervous System) Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Sensory Division (afferent)

A

nerves that carry information TO the CNS

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4
Q

Motor Division (efferent)

A

nerve fibers that carry impulses AWAY from the CNS

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5
Q

Voluntary Nervous System (somatic)

A

carry info from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

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6
Q

Involuntary Nervous System (automonic)

A

controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands, further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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7
Q

Astrocytes

A

abundant, star-shaped cells, brace and anchor neurons to blood capillaries, determine permeability and exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

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8
Q

Microglia

A

spider-like phagocytes, monitor health of nearby neurons, dispose of debris

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9
Q

Ependymal cells

A

lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord, cilia assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

wrap around nerve fibers in the CNS, produce myelin sheaths

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11
Q

Schwann cells

A

form myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

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12
Q

Satellite cells

A

protect and cushion neuron cell bodies

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13
Q

Cell body

A

metabolic center of the neuron

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

conduct impulses TOWARD the cell body

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15
Q

Axons

A

conduct impulses away from the cell body

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16
Q

Axonal terminals

A

contain vesicles with neurotransmitters

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17
Q

Synaptic cleft (synapse)

A

gap between axon terminals and the next neuron, functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

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18
Q

Myelin sheath

A

schwann cells wrap axons in a jelly roll-like fashion to form the myelin sheath

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19
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

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20
Q

gyri

A

ridges in the brain

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21
Q

sulci

A

grooves in the brain

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22
Q

basal ganglia

A

responsible for motor control

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23
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for sensory impulse, transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism; regulates the nearby pituitary gland

25
Q

Epithalamus

A

houses the pinal body; includes the choroid plexus

26
Q

Choroid plexus

A

forms spinal fluid

27
Q

Midbrain

A

2 bulging fiber tracts, 4 rounded protrusions, are visual and auditory reflex centers

28
Q

Pons

A

mostly composed of fiber tracts, includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

29
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

includes important fiber tracts; heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

30
Q

Cerebellum

A

2 hemispheres, controls balance

31
Q

Dura matter

A

outermost layer of brain, double-layered external covering

32
Q

Arachnoid matter

A

middle layer of the brain, web-like extensions span the subarachnoid space to attach it to the pia mater

33
Q

Pia mater

A

clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

CSF forms a watery cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord

35
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

allows water, glucose, and amino acids to pass through the capillary walls

36
Q

Cauda equina

A

collection of spinal nerves at inferior end

37
Q

Gray matter

A

surround the central canal, made up of cell bodies

38
Q

White matter

A

3 regions (dorsal, lateral, ventral columns), composed of nerve fibers

39
Q

Dorsal horns

A

house interneurons, receive info from sensory neurons in the dorsal root

40
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

house cell bodies

41
Q

Sensory tracts

A

conduct impulses toward brain

42
Q

Motor tracts

A

carry impulses from brain to skeletal muscles

43
Q

Cerebral areas involved in special senses

A

Occipital lobe: visual areas
Temporal lobe: auditory and olfactory areas

44
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

sense of smell

45
Q

Optic nerve

46
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

eye muscle involuntary movements

47
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

eye muscle voluntary movements

48
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

chew and facial sensation

49
Q

Abducen nerve

A

eye movement

50
Q

Facial nerve

A

expression and taste

51
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

hearing and balance

52
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

throat (gagging)

53
Q

Vagus nerve

A

taste and tongue movement

54
Q

Accessory nerve

55
Q

Hypoglossial

A

tongue muscles

56
Q

Sympathetic System

A

fight-or-flight

57
Q

Parasympathetic System

A

rest-and-digest

BIO160 (7 decks)

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