Exam 3 (Nervous System)

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

Sensory Division (afferent)

Answer 3

nerves that carry information TO the CNS

Question 4

Motor Division (efferent)

Answer 4

nerve fibers that carry impulses AWAY from the CNS

Question 5

Voluntary Nervous System (somatic)

Answer 5

carry info from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

Question 6

Involuntary Nervous System (automonic)

Answer 6

controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands, further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 7

Astrocytes

Answer 7

abundant, star-shaped cells, brace and anchor neurons to blood capillaries, determine permeability and exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

Question 8

Microglia

Answer 8

spider-like phagocytes, monitor health of nearby neurons, dispose of debris

Question 9

Ependymal cells

Answer 9

lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord, cilia assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

wrap around nerve fibers in the CNS, produce myelin sheaths

Question 11

Schwann cells

Answer 11

form myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

Question 12

Satellite cells

Answer 12

protect and cushion neuron cell bodies

Question 13

Cell body

Answer 13

metabolic center of the neuron

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

conduct impulses TOWARD the cell body

Question 15

Axons

Answer 15

conduct impulses away from the cell body

Question 16

Axonal terminals

Answer 16

contain vesicles with neurotransmitters

Question 17

Synaptic cleft (synapse)

Answer 17

gap between axon terminals and the next neuron, functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

Question 18

Myelin sheath

Answer 18

schwann cells wrap axons in a jelly roll-like fashion to form the myelin sheath

Question 19

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 19

gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

Question 20

gyri

Answer 20

ridges in the brain

Question 21

sulci

Answer 21

grooves in the brain

Question 22

basal ganglia

Answer 22

responsible for motor control

Question 23

Thalamus

Answer 23

relay station for sensory impulse, transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism; regulates the nearby pituitary gland

Question 25

Epithalamus

Answer 25

houses the pinal body; includes the choroid plexus

Question 26

Choroid plexus

Answer 26

forms spinal fluid

Question 27

Midbrain

Answer 27

2 bulging fiber tracts, 4 rounded protrusions, are visual and auditory reflex centers

Question 28

Pons

Answer 28

mostly composed of fiber tracts, includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

Question 29

Medulla oblongata

Answer 29

includes important fiber tracts; heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

2 hemispheres, controls balance

Question 31

Dura matter

Answer 31

outermost layer of brain, double-layered external covering

Question 32

Arachnoid matter

Answer 32

middle layer of the brain, web-like extensions span the subarachnoid space to attach it to the pia mater

Question 33

Pia mater

Answer 33

clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 34

CSF forms a watery cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 35

allows water, glucose, and amino acids to pass through the capillary walls

Question 36

Cauda equina

Answer 36

collection of spinal nerves at inferior end

Question 37

Gray matter

Answer 37

surround the central canal, made up of cell bodies

Question 38

White matter

Answer 38

3 regions (dorsal, lateral, ventral columns), composed of nerve fibers

Question 39

Dorsal horns

Answer 39

house interneurons, receive info from sensory neurons in the dorsal root

Question 40

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 40

house cell bodies

Question 41

Sensory tracts

Answer 41

conduct impulses toward brain

Question 42

Motor tracts

Answer 42

carry impulses from brain to skeletal muscles

Question 43

Cerebral areas involved in special senses

Answer 43

Occipital lobe: visual areas Temporal lobe: auditory and olfactory areas

Question 44

Olfactory nerve

Answer 44

sense of smell

Question 45

Optic nerve

Answer 45

vision

Question 46

Oculomotor nerve

Answer 46

eye muscle involuntary movements

Question 47

Trochlear nerve

Answer 47

eye muscle voluntary movements

Question 48

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 48

chew and facial sensation

Question 49

Abducen nerve

Answer 49

eye movement

Question 50

Facial nerve

Answer 50

expression and taste

Question 51

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 51

hearing and balance

Question 52

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 52

throat (gagging)

Question 53

Vagus nerve

Answer 53

taste and tongue movement

Question 54

Accessory nerve

Answer 54

move neck

Question 55

Hypoglossial

Answer 55

tongue muscles

Question 56

Sympathetic System

Answer 56

fight-or-flight

Question 57

Parasympathetic System

Answer 57

rest-and-digest