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Pharmacology > Exam 6 > Flashcards

Exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are CNS depressants used to treat?

Relax

A
  • pain, insomnia, relive anxiety, induce relaxation, preform surgical procedures, treat muscle spams, manage psychoses and control epilepsy
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CNS Depressants?

A
  • reduce CNS overactivity
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3
Q

What are benzodiazepines used to treat?

A
  • anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, insomnia, muscle spasms
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4
Q

What are the contraindications/ interactions of taking benzodiazepines?

NAG, CNSD, GFJ

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • dont mix w/ other CNS depressants and alcohol
  • don’t drink grapefruit juice
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5
Q

What are the four different categories of CNS depressants?

Benzo, H, Bar, MR

A
  • benzodiazepines
  • hypnotics
  • barbiturates
  • muscle relaxers
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6
Q

What is the FDA BBW for benzodiazepines?

RFA, PD, DCW/BOO

A
  • risk for abuse
  • physical dependence
  • dont combine w/ other benzo’s or opioids
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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking benzodiazepines?

HYPO, C, SS, A, N/V, DM

A
  • Hypotension
  • confusion
  • slurred speech
  • ataxia
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • dry mouth
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8
Q

What should the nurse understand before administering benzodiazepine?

Paradoxical and rebound

A
  • Paradoxical excitation causing hyperactivity and aggressive behavior may occur in all all ages
  • rebound disinhibition may occur in older adults after tapering
  • rebound insomnia may occur if abruptly stopped
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9
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient on before taking benzodiazepines?

WO, TWF, CPS, DS/DD

A
  • wean off to stop
  • take with food to avoid GI upset
  • change positions slowly to prevent falls
  • do both skip doses or double dose
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10
Q

what is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

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11
Q

What can flumazenil (antidote) cause?

A
  • abruptly withdrawal including seizures in long term user
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12
Q

What is hypnotics used to treat?

A
  • insomnia
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13
Q

What are the contraindications/ interactions of taking hypnotics?

SA, COPD, PCC, D, CNSD, B, AED

A
  • sleep apnea
  • COPD
  • pregnancy category C
  • decrease dose for women
  • depression
  • CNS depressants
  • barbiturates
  • anti epileptic drugs
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14
Q

What is the FDA BBW for hypnotics?

sw/ sd

A
  • sleepwalking and sleep driving
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15
Q

What should the nurse understand before administering hypnotics?

TPTB, SW

A
  • take prior to bedtime
  • swallow whole do not destroy pill
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16
Q

What should the nurse educate the pt on when taking hypnotics?

DCW/HFF, DTA12, 7-8 HOURS

A
  • dont combine w/ high fat foods
  • dont take after 12am
  • take only if 7-8 hours of sleep was acquired the prior night
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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking hypnotics?

ANGIO, ANA, WD, T/D

A
  • angioedema
  • anaphylaxis
  • worsening depression
  • Tolerance and dependence
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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of taking barbiturates?

A

Raises the seizure threshold in the treat of epilepsy

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19
Q

What are the contraindications/ interactions of taking barbiturates?

P, IRFF, DTI, IWSM

A
  • pregnancy
  • increases risk for falls
  • disrupt TI of other drugs
  • interacts with several medication
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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking barbiturates?

LTI, D, VND, HYP, MB, DR

A
  • low therapeutic index
  • drowsiness
  • vivid and nightmarish dreams
  • hypotension
  • mild bradycardia
  • decreased respirations
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21
Q

What should the nurse understand before administering barbiturates?

A
  • give lowest effective dose unless used for epilepsy
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22
Q

What is the therapeutic blood level for phenobarbital?

A

10- 40 mcg/ mL

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23
Q

What can be used to treat barbiturates overdose?

AC, FD, IVF

A
  • activated charcoal
  • forced diuresis
  • IV fluids
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24
Q

What should the nurse educate the pt on when taking barbiturates?

A
  • women of reproductive years should use an additional method of BC
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25
Q

What are muscle relaxants used to treat?

PMS, MS, CP

A
  • painful muscle spams after injury or surgery
  • multiple sclerosis
  • cerebral palsy
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26
Q

What are the contraindications/ interactions of taking muscle relaxants?

A

Increased sedation w/ alcohol and other CNS depressants

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27
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking muscle relaxants?

C: DIZZ, DROW, C, F
S: AR, CARDIAC

A

Common- dizziness, drowsiness, confusion and fatigue
Severe- allergic reaction, arrthymias, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression

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28
Q

What should the nurse assess for in pt taking cyclobenzaprine?

A

CBC

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29
Q

What drug causes marked sedation?

A

Cyclobenzaprine

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30
Q

Why shouldnt muscle relaxants be used cautiously in the older adults?

A

May cause excessive sedation and hallucinations

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31
Q

What should the nurse educate the pt on when taking muscle relaxants?

A

’
- change positions slowly
- take w/food

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32
Q

what is the mechanism of action of CNS stimulants?

A

increases levevls of dopamine and norepi by blocking reuptake

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33
Q

what are CNS Stimulants used for?

A, N, M

A

ADHD
narcolepsy
migraines

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34
Q

what should the nurse understand about CNS Stimulats?

potential and mental

A

potential for abuse and can cause severe paranoia, psychosis, depreesion, and sucial thoughts

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35
Q

what is dextroamphetamine sulfate used to treat?

A, N

A

ADHD and narolepsy

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36
Q

what are the C/I of taking dextroamphetamine sulfate?

aggrevates and do not

A
  • aggrevates anxeity disorder, tourettes, HTN
  • DO NOT admin to pt who has received MAOI therapy
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37
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking dextroamphetamine sulfate?

CP, R, M, BV, I, T, GIU

A
  • cardiac problems
    ( tachycardia, HTN, angina, dysrhytmias)
  • restlessness
  • mania
  • blurred vision
  • insomnia
  • tremors
  • GI upset
    ( N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss )
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38
Q

what should the nurse understand before administering dextroamphetamine sulfate?

DH, DNAL

A
  • drug holidays
  • do not administer later than noon
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39
Q

what should the nurse educate the patient on when taking dextroamphetamine sulfate?

AC, DNTOTC, AE

A
  • avoid caffeine
  • DO NOT take any OTC cough or cold medication w/o first consulting the HCP
  • administer early in the day
40
Q

what is the mechanism of action of “triptans” sumatriptan?

A

stimulate cerebral arteries to produce vasoconstriction

41
Q

what are “triptans” sumatriptan used to treat?

A

actue migranes

42
Q

what are the C/I of taking “triptans” sumatriptan?

CD

A

cardiovascular disease

43
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking “triptans” sumatriptan?

N/V, CV, P, F

A
  • coronary vasoconstrict ( neck amd chest tightness)
  • paresthesia’s
  • flushing
44
Q

what should the nurse educate the pt on when taking “triptans” sumatriptan?

A

take at the first sign of migraines

45
Q

what are opiods used to treat?

A
  • moderate to severe pain
  • supression of the cough reflex
  • treatment of chronic diarrhea
46
Q

what are the C/I of taking opiods?

A
  • asthma/ respiratory insufficiency
  • elevated ICP
  • sleep apnea
  • paralytic ileus
47
Q

what is the FDA BBW for opiods?

DNCWB

A

do not combine with benzodiazepines

48
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking opiods?

DR, S, N/V, C UR, I, PPP

A
  • decreased respiratory
  • sedation
  • N/V
  • constipation
  • Urinary retention
  • itching
  • pinpoint pupils
49
Q

what are the two reasons a nurse should hold a dose of opiods?

A
  • hold dose if:
  • RR is less than 10
  • pt is sedated and not arousable even w/ stimulation
50
Q

what is the antidote for opiod OD?

A

naloxone ( narcan)

51
Q

what should the nurse educate a patient on when taking opiods?

IIO: F F SS

A
  • increase intake of:
  • fiber
  • fluids
  • stool softners
52
Q

what is morphine used to treat?

A

post op pain

53
Q

what are the C/I of taking morphine sulfate?

RI

A

renal impairment

54
Q

what is codeine used to treat?

A
  • moderate pain
  • antitussive
55
Q

what are the C/I of taking codeine?

A, P, PPT

A
  • allergy
  • pregnancy
  • pediatric pt
56
Q

what is hyromorphone (dilaudid) used to treat?

A

moderate to severe pain

57
Q

what is fentanyl used to treat?

A
  • moderate to severe pain
  • IV w/ anasethics for surgerical procedures
58
Q

what should a nurse understand before administering fentanyl to a patient?

tolerance, cancer, steady pain control, max use?

A
  • can only be used in opiod tolerate pt’s
  • it is used for the management of cancer
  • it takes 6-12 hours to reach steady pain control
  • patch is only good for 72 hours
59
Q

what should the nurse educate a patient on when applying a fentanyl patch?

A
  • do not cut the patch or expose to heat because it increases rate of absorption which can lead to respiratory arrest
  • flush used patch down the toilet
60
Q

what is oxycodone used to treat?

A
  • moderate to severe pain
61
Q

what are the adverse effects of naloxone hydrochloride (narcan)?

BPD

A
  • BP instability
  • dysrhythmias
  • pulmonary edema
62
Q

what should the nurse educate the patient on when taking antiepiletic drugs?

A

never stop abruptly

63
Q

what is the FDA BBW for antiepileptic?

Risk for

A

risk for suicidal thoughts and behavoirs

64
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking antiepileptic drugs?

N/V, DIZZ, DROW, L

A
  • N/V
  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • lethargy
65
Q

what should the nurse understand about the TI levels of antiepileptics?

P and Carb

A

Phenytoin: 10-20 mcg/mL
Carbamazepine: 4- 12 mcg/ mL

66
Q

what should the nurse understand about a seizing pt?

A
  • do not attempt to pry open the mouth during an episode
67
Q

what is phenytoin (dilantin) used to treat?

A

management and treatment of generalized and partial seizures

68
Q

what are the C/I of taking phenytoin (dilantin)?

B,HPBD, MDI

A
  • bradycardia
  • highly protein bound drug
  • many drug interactions
69
Q

what should the nurse understand before administering phenytoin (dilantin)?

measles

A
  • if the pt has a measles type of rash contact HCP and hold dose
  • review baseline eyes, neuromuscular, CBC, and liver function
70
Q

what is the only solution that phenytoin (dilantin) can be infused w?

A

normal saline

71
Q

what is carbamazepine (Tegretol) used to treat?

A

management and treatment of generalized and partial seizures

72
Q

what are the C/I of taking carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

A

do not use for myoclonic ir absence seizures

73
Q

what should the nurse teach the patient about carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

juice

A

avoid grapefruit juice and pomegranate juice

74
Q

what are the C/I of taking gabapentin (Neurontin)?

A

alcohol causes additive CNS depression

75
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking gabapentin?

DIZZ, DROW, N, VASC, E

A
  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • nausea
  • visual and speech changes
  • edema
76
Q

what is levetiracetam ( Keppra) to treat?

A

treatment and prevention of partial seizures w/ and w/o secondary generalization

77
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking levetiracetam ( Keppra)?

DIZZ, DROW, HYPE, BC

A
  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • hyperactivity
  • behavior changes
78
Q

What is the C/I of taking selegiline?

o.t

A
  • opioids
  • tramadol
79
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking selegiline?

A

-

80
Q

What should the nurse understand about a pt on who is taking selegiline?

TD, GPTB, NPO

A
  • tabs dissolve
  • give prior to breakfast
  • NPO 5 minutes prior and after dose
81
Q

what the nurse educate the pt on when taking selegiline?

cps, avoid tyra

A
  • change positions slowly
  • avoid tyramine contaning foods
82
Q

what is lithium salts used to treat?

A

acute mania

83
Q

what are the C/I of taking lithium salts?

S, D, PCD, RI, NSAIDS, TH, ACE

A
  • salt
  • dehydration
  • pregnancy D
  • renal impairment
  • NSAIDS, thiazide, ACE
84
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking lithium salts?

GIU, C, SS, S, D, HYPO

A
  • GI Upset
  • confusion
  • slurred speech
  • seizures
  • dysrythmia
  • hypotension
85
Q

What should the nurse understand about antidepressants?

A

delayed onset of action (4-8 weeks response time)

86
Q

what is the FDA BBW for all antidepressants?

A
  • suicide
87
Q

what is fluoxetine (prozac) used to treat?

D, B, O/ED, OCD, PTSD

A
  • depression
  • bipolar
  • obesity and eating disorders
  • OCD
  • PTSD
88
Q

what are the C/I of taking SSRI’s?

M, L, METO, B, W, SJW

A
  • highly protien bound
  • MAOIs
  • lithium
  • metoclopramide
  • benzo
  • warfarin
  • st john’s wort
89
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking SSRI’s?

3D, A, SS

A
  • 3 d’s
  • asthenia
  • serotnin syndrome
90
Q

SNRI

what is duloxentine is used to treat?

D, A, NPP, FM

A
  • depression
  • anxeity
  • neuropathic pain
  • fibromyalgia
91
Q

what is the FDA BBW for antipyschotics?

IRFD, SI, PFESP

A
  • increased risk of death in older adults
  • suicidal ideation
  • potential for ESP
92
Q

What is Haldol used to treat?

A

long term management of pyschosis

93
Q

what are the C/I of Haldol?

A
  • parkinson’s disease
  • high dose of other CNS depressants
94
Q

what is abilify used to treat?

s, bd, mdd, aaw/a

A
  • schizophrenia
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Major depressive disorder
  • agitation associated w/ autism
95
Q

what are the adverse effects of taking abilify?

OH, WG, MS

A

orthostatic hypotension
weight gain
metobolic syndrome

96
Q

what is the reversal for benzo OD?

A

flumzinal

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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