exam #2 Flashcards
1
Q
what is the diffrence between emperic and definitive therapy?
A
- E: antibotic therapy prior to results of blood culture
- D: a narrow spectrum antibotic that only kills specific bacteria
2
Q
what are the most common adverse effects of antibitoics?
N, V, D
A
GI upset
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
3
Q
what do all antibitocs block?
A
oral contraceptive pills
4
Q
what kind of hypersenitive reaction should the nurse look for when a patient is taking antibiotics?
EPI
A
- edema
- purtitus
- inspiration/ expiratory wheezing
5
Q
what helps prevent a super infection?
DP
A
- dairy products
6
Q
what is penicillin used for?
gram +
A
to prevent and treat gram positive infection like staph/ strep
7
Q
how does penicillin fight infections on a patho level?
A
it inhibits cell wall synthesis leading to cell lysis
8
Q
what are the adverse effects of penicillin?
GIU, R/H
A
- GI upset
- rash and hives
9
Q
what are the MDI of penicillin?
A
- enchances effects of warfrin and decreases effectivness of oral contraceptive
10
Q
what is important to monitor when administring penicillin?
A
- monitor electrolytes
- admin w/ water ONLY
- safe for preg/ breastfeeding women
11
Q
how does cephalosporins fight infections on a patho level?
A
they inhibit celll wall and eventually kill
12
Q
why are cephalosporins used?
broad
A
- used against gram +/- infections
- each gen treats a specific bacteria
13
Q
what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins?
GIU, R, P
A
- GI upset
- rash
- purutitus
14
Q
what are the MDI of cephalosporins?
A
- major interactions w/ alcohol
- cross sensitivity w/ penicillin
15
Q
what should the nurse educate the patient on before/ during taking cephalosporins?
A
- take w/ food and avoid alcohol
16
Q
what is an extravasation?
A
unintended leakage of chemotherapy into the surrounding tissues outside of the IV line
17
Q
what is the priority with antineoplastic therapy?
A
infection control
18
Q
what can bone marrow supression lead to?
A
- neutropenia
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
19
Q
what steps can be taken to prevent neutropenia?
RT, I, F/PMBR, COC, IFI
A
- rectal tempurture
- isolation
- flowers and plants must be removed
- continous oral care
- increased fluid intake
20
Q
what can be used to prevent stomaitis?
RM, ASF
A
- rinse mouth with warm water and baking soda avoiding oral irratants
- avoiding spicy/ acidic foods
21
Q
what can be done to prevent nausea and vomiting in a patient receiving chemotherapy?
A
give zofran 30-60 minutes before therapy
22
Q
what are hematopoietic drugs used for?
A
- reduce the duration of chemotherapy induced anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia
23
Q
what are the adverse effects of taking hemapoietic drugs?
BP
A
bone pain
24
Q
how does filgrastim (neupogen) work on a patho level?
wbc
A
releases colony stimulating factor which stimulates wbc production
25
what is the use of filgrastim (neupogen)?
- prevent or reduce febrile neutropenia
- reduce duration and severity of infection
26
what are monoclonal antibodies and biosimilars?
designed to target a specific immune cell or immune cell communicator to enhance or decrease function
27
what are monoclonal antibodies and biosimilars used for ?
| TOC, AD, OT
- treatment of cancer
- autoimmune disorders
- organ transplantation
28
what should the nurse premedicate a pt taking monoclonal antibodies and biosimilars with?
| A, D
acetaminophen and diphenhydramine
29
what are DMARDs used for?
antinflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritc, with immune modulating effects to slow or stop progression
30
what is the patho behind DMARDS?
inhibitd the movemnt of neutophils, monocytes/macrophages into inflamed damaged joints
31
what are MDI of DMARDS?
| no T or B in DMARDS
- active bacterial infection, herpes zoster, TB/ latent TB
32
what is the first line defense drug when treating rheumetoid arthritis?
methotrexate
33
what are the MDI of methotrexate?
- liver disease
- NSAIDS
- irratant to the gut/ bowel
34
what are the adverse effects of methotrexate?
| BMS, R, P
- bone marrow suppression
- rash
- photosenitivity
35
what shouldnt be given when taking methotrexate?
| LV
- live vaccines
36
what are the two drugs used to treat organ rejection?
| M, T
- mycophenolate
- tacrolimus
37
what is the patho behind mycophenolate?
prevent t cell proliferation
38
what is mycophenolate used for?
Organ
treat organ rejection
39
what are the MDI of mycophenolate?
| KD, LD
- kidney disease
- liver disease
40
what are the adverse reactions of mycophenolate?
| M, IROI, L, UBP, R, HG, BMS
- miscarriage
- increased risk for infection
- lymphoma
- unsteady BP
- rash
- hyperglycemia
- bone marrow suppression
41
# PROGRAF
what are the MDI of tacrolimus?
| DNTW/C
- DO NOT TAKE WITH CYCLOSPORINE
42
# prograf
what are the adverse reactions of tacrolimus?
| AF, TAC, THR, SI
- a- fib
- tachycardia
- thrombosis
- secondary infection
43
# prograf
what should the nurse educate the patient on before/ during taking tacrolimus?
| ES. MBS
- take on an empty stomach
- monitor BS
44
what are antiviral drugs used for?
| H, CP, C, HB/C
- herpes
- chicken pox
- cytomegalovirus
- Hep B and C
45
What are the major drug interactions of non HIV antiviral drugs?
| doesnt interact with crips
- interaction with CYP3A4 inhibitors/ inducers which include:
- acetaminophen, calcium channel blockers
- estradiol, progrestrone, testerone
- spironalactone
- sulfa antibitoics
46
what is the patho behind acyclovir?
| it is a cycle startig with VS
prevents viral replication by decreasing viral shedding, which decreases the number of out breaks, which deceases pain
47
what is acyclovir used to treat?
all herpes including chicken pox and shingles
48
what are the adverse affects of most non HIV antiviral drugs?
| H, RD, GIU
- headache
- renal damage
- GI upset
49
what should the nurse educate the patient on taking acyclovir?
| topical, cure, cancer
- topical treatment will burn
- this medication doesnt cure herpes just subsides syptoms and pain
- there is an increase in cervical cancers
50
# tamiflu
what is the patho behind oseltamivir?
| viral budding
prevents viral budding, which limits speed and increases speed of recovery
51
# tamiflu
what is oseltamivir used for?
influenza A and B and prophylaxis treatment
52
# tamiflu
what should the nurse educate the patient about oseltamivir?
| 2
treatment must begin within 2 days of symptom onset
53
what is the patho behind ribavirin?
interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis which inhibits protien synthesis and viral replication
54
what is ribavirin used to treat?
| oral and inhaled
oral- Hep C
inhaled- RSV
55
what are the MDI of ribavirin?
| P
pregnancy category X
56
what should the nurse understand before administering ribavirin?
- obtain suptum prior to drug therapy
- birth control must be used up to 6 mon. after treatment
- AVOID IF PREGNANT
57
what is the patho behind ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir ( harvoni)?
prevents the spread of viral replication
58
what is ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir ( harvoni) used to treat?
-certain types of Hep C in adults and children older than 3
59
what are the MDI of ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir ( harvoni)?
| the yellow sprinkles on the cake activates... causing...
- activates Hep B
- significant interaction w/ dysrhytmic patients causing bradycardia
60
what are the adverse effects of ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir ( harvoni)?
| I, R, MP
- insomnia
- rash
- muscle pain
61
# let us party but dont chew the yellow sprinkles
what would the nurse educate the patient on when taking ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir ( harvoni)?
| DNCS, jaundice, A
- do not chew the sprinkles
- report any signs/ syptoms of jaundice
- dont take antiacids
62
what is HAART Thearpy used for?
- combo of three or more anti-retroviral drugs to treat HIV depending on pt's viral load
63
what are the MDI of HAART Thearpy?
| CHC, BMS, S, L, OAV, R, BC
- can cause Hep C
- bone marrow suppression
- seizures
- abnormal distribution of fat (lipodystrophy)
- other antivirals
- rifampin
- birth control
64
what is the patho behind PrEP?
nuceloside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
65
what is PrEP used to treat?
- used to reduce risk of transmission from HIV+ partners or a partner that uses IV drugs
66
what are the MDI of taking PrEP?
| what did you get in Pre EP?
- Hep B
- many interaction with other drug classes
67
what are some adverse effects of PrEP?
| d/ a
- depression/ anxiety
68
what should the nurse know before administering PrEP?
| NHIV, NHP, MR/LF
- Neg HIV test every 3 mon.
- Neg Hep B
- monitor renal/ liver function
69
what is the patho of isoniazid (INH)?
bacteriacidal
70
what is isoniazids (INH) used to treat?
| z might be the last letter in the alphabet but isoniazids are the first
- first line of defense in TB infection
71
what are the MDI that come with isoniazids (INH)?
| h
- hepatitis
72
what are the adverse effects of isoniazids (INH)?
| V6D, N, VD, H
- vitamin D6 definiceny
- neuropathy
- visual disturbances
- hyperglycemia
73
what should the nurse know before administering isoniazids (INH) to the pt?
- administer vitamin B6 supplements
- monitor blood sugar
74
what is the patho of Rifampin?
broad spectrum bactericidal
75
what is Rifampin used to treat?
| L, M, HI, TB
first line of defense in TB infection
also treats leprosy, meningitis, hemophilius influenza
76
what are the MDI when taking rifampin?
| EI
- liver enzyme inducer
77
what are the adverse effects of taking rifampin?
| DC, H
- causes output to be a reddish orange brownish color
- hepatitis
78
what is the patho behind ampB?
| K+ and Mg
binds to fungal membrance causing holes that allow for leakage of K+ and Mg loss and death of the organism
79
what is ampB used to treat?
- SEVERE systemic fungal infection
80
what does the nurse need to know before administering ampB?
- premedicate with antipyretics, antihistamines, antiemetics, corticosteriods
81
what is nystatin used for?
oral, intentisinal, skin, and vaginal candidiasis
82
what is nystatin commonly used to treat?
thrush
83
what is the patho of sulfaonamides?
inhibit growth but doesn't kill by blocking bacteria production
84
what is sulfaonamides used to treat?
| TOUTI, POOI
- treatment of UTI's
- prevention of oppurtunistic infection in neutropenic/ HIV+ pt
85
what are the adverse reactions of taking sulfaonamides?
- s: sunburn
- u: urine crystals
- l: love h20 (2-3L)
- f: funky labs (mdecreased WBC, RBC, and platelet)
86
what are the MDI of sulfaonamides?
| celebrex, AIPW, SIW/W,S,P
- never combine w/ celebrex (celexicob)
- avoid in pregant women
- significant interaction w/ warfrin, sulfonylureas, phenytoin
87
what should the nurse understand about sulfaonamides before administartion?
| OB, TW/F
- obtain baseline
- take w/ food
88
what is the patho of metronidazole?
disrupts DNA synthesis
89
what is metronidazole used to treat?
| nothing dazzling about...
- STI's (c. diff)
- intraabdominal infections
90
what are the adverse effects of taking metronidazole?
| metro
- M: metallic taste
- E: evade alcohol
- T: treats c- diff
- R: rash
- O: oh no STI
91
what are the MDI of taking metronidazole?
| PCB, DTW/P+B
- pregnancy category B
- dont take phenytoin/ barbiturates
92
what should the nurse know before administering metronidazole?
| twf
pt needs to take with food
93
what is vancomycin used to treat?
| M, OV
- MRSA
- oral van is used to treat c.diff infection
94
what is the patho of vancomycin?
bactercidial
95
what are the vancomycin's adverese reaction?
red man's syndrome
96
what is the MDI of vancomycin?
- use w/ caution in neonates, older adults, and pt w/ renal disease
97
what should the nurse understand before adminstering vancomycin?
| RMS
it must be administered slowly to avoid adverse effects
98
what is the patho of macrolides?
inhibits bacterial growth
99
what is macrolides used to treat?
| U/LRTI
- upper and lower respiratory tract infections
100
# " throwmycin throws off ECG"
what are the adverse reactions of macrolides?
| PQT, H, HL/ T
- prolonged QT
- hepatotoxicty
- hearing loss/ tinnitus
101
what should the nurse understand know before administering macrolides?
- avoid fruit juices
- hard on IV
102
what is the patho of tetracycline?
bacteriostatic
103
what is the use of tetracyclines?
| treats tretra diseases
treats syphilis, PID, and acne
104
what is adverse effects of tetracyclines?
| " teeth so messed up ypu can cycle through them"
- discoloration of tooth enamal
- retardation of skeletal dev. of fetus
105
what are the MDI of tetracyclines?
- milk, antacids, magnesium, unsafe for pregnant women and kids under 8
106
what should the nurse understand before adminstering tertacyclines?
asses for bleeding
107
what is the patho of aminoglycosides?
bactericidal
108
what is aminoglycosides used to treat?
severe gram (-) infections
109
what is the adverse reactions of aminoglycosides?
| N, MA
- nephrotoxicity
- muscle aches
110
what is the MDI of of aminoglycosides?
| PC- C/D, N
- pregnancy C and D
- nephrotoxicity enchanced when given concurrently w/ other nephrotoxic drugs
111
what should the nurse understand when administering aminoglycosides?
| AP, BT
above peak= kidney's/ ear die
below trough= bacterial growth
112
what should the nurse educate the patient on who is taking aminoglycosides?
encourage intake of yogurt and buttermilk
113
what is fluoroquinolones used for?
- a potent broad sprectrum drug only used when all other interventions dont work
114
what is the adverse effect of taking fluoroquinolens?
tendonitis
