Exam 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What are antihistamines used to treat?
SA, PD, V, OSA
A
- seasonal allergies
- Parkinson’s disease
- vertigo
- occasional sleep aid
2
Q
What are the contraindications of taking antihistamines?
NAG, C/R, COPD/ A
A
- narrow angle glaucoma
- Cardiac/ renal disease (amps up HR and BP)
- COPD/ asthma ( causes bronchoconstriction)
3
Q
What are the adverse effects of taking antihistamines?
4 c’s
A
- cant see
- cant pee
- cant spit
-cant shit
4
Q
what should the nurse educate the patient on when taking an antihistamine?
A
- dont take w/ other OTC
- take w/ food to decrease GI effects
5
Q
What is loratadine (Claritin) used to treat?
A
- allergies
6
Q
What should the nurse understand before administering loratadine?
NS, PCB, NFCU2, NSUOD
A
- non sedating
- Preg category B
- not for children under 2yrs old
- no symptoms unless OD
7
Q
What is diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) used to treat?
MS, POS, AR
A
- motion sickness
- promotion of sleep
- allergic reaction
8
Q
What can occur if decongestants are used long term?
A
Rebound congestion
9
Q
what are the three different groups of nasal decongestants?
A
- adrenergic
- anticholinergic
- topical corticosteroid
10
Q
What is the contraindications of decongestants?
NAG, UCD, DM, HYPER
A
- narrow angle glaucoma
- uncontrolled cardiovascular disease
- DM
- hyperthyroidism
11
Q
What are the adverse effects of taking nasal decongestants?
N, I , P, T, MI/D
A
- nervousness
- insomnia
- palpitations
- tremor
- mucosal irritation and dryness
12
Q
What drug shouldn’t be taken for more than three days due to rebound congestion?
A
Oxymetazoline ( Afrin)
13
Q
What are antitussives used to treat?
A
- used for dry hacking cough that are non productive
14
Q
What is a non opioid drug used to treat non productive coughs?
A
- benzonatate (tessalon pearls)
15
Q
What are the adverse effects of taking benzonatate ( tessalon pearls)?
Dizz, Sed, P
A
- dizziness
- sedation
- pruritus
16
Q
What are the contraindications of taking benzonatate ( tessalon pearls)?
A
Pregnancy category c
17
Q
What are the contraindications of taking codeine?
DRF, IRFS/ ICP
A
- depressed respiratory function
- increased ICP and seizures
18
Q
What is dextromethorphan?
Antitussives
A
- non opioid drug that doesn’t cause respiratory or CNS depression
19
Q
What are the adverse effects of taking dextromethorphan?
DIZZ, DR, N
A
-dizziness
- drowsiness
- nausea
20
Q
What are the contraindicated when taking dextromethorphan?
A, E, PH
A
- asthma
-emphysema - persistent headache
21
Q
What is expectorants used to treat?
Expell
A
A productive cough by breaking and thinning out secretions
22
Q
What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking expectorants?
A
- do not take longer than a week
- increase fluid intake
23
Q
What are the three classes of drugs that relax the bronchial smooth muscle?
A
- beta adrenergic agonist
- anticholinergics
- xanthine derivatives
24
Q
What is the purpose of beta adrenergic agonist?
A
- used during the acute phase of an asthma attack and reduced airway congestion
25
What are the two different categories of beta adrenergic agonist drugs?
SABA AND LABA
- short acting (SABA
- long acting (LABA)
26
What is an example of a SABA drug?
Acute= A
Albuterol
27
What is the most common LABA drug?
Salm is moving slow in lab
Salmeterol
28
What are the contraindicated for beta adrenergic agonist?
Cardiac
- uncontrolled HTN
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- high risk for stroke
29
What are the adverse effect of taking beta adrenergic agonists?
3 T’s
- tachycardia
-tremors
- trouble sleeping
30
What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking albuterol?
Shake it before you take it
31
What is salemterol (LABA) mainly used to treat?
- COPD
32
What are the adverse effects of taking salmeterol (LABA)?
- HTN
- neuromuscular and skeletal pain
33
What are the contraindicated when taking anticholinergics?
NAG, PE
- narrow angle glaucoma
- prostate enlargement
34
What anticholinergic drug can be combined with albuterol?
- ipratropium (atorvent)
35
What are the adverse effects of taking xanthine derivatives?
T, P, H
- tachycardia
- palpating
- hyperglycemia
36
What should the nurse educate a patient on when taking xanthine derivatives?
AC/CBF, DNS
- avoid caffeine and charbroiled foods
- do not smoke
37
What is the therapeutic blood level in a pt taking theophylline?
5- 15 mcg/mL
38
What are the common adverse effects of taking theophylline?
NG, HGLY, T
- nocturnal GERD
- hyperglycemia
- tachycardia
39
What are the signs of theophylline toxicity?
T, S, HYPO, N/V
- tachycardia
- seizures
- hypotension
- Nausea and vomiting
40
What is used to treat seizures?
V, A
- Valium
- Ativan
41
What should the nurse educate the pt on when taking leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Singulair
- take the meds at night
42
What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking corticosteroids?
- rinse your mouth after
- take steroids last
43
What are the adverse effects of taking nicotine suppressant medication?
T, C, TAC, IBP
- tremors
-convulsions
- tachycardia
- increased BP
44
What are the symptoms of nic withdrawal?
I, R, DHR, DBP
- irritability
- restlessness
- decrease HR
- decreased BP
45
What is the approved first line therapy to aid in smoking cessation?
- Wellbutrin
46
What is the newest drug for smoking cessation?
- varenicline (chantix)
47
What option is used for acute relief from withdrawal symptoms?
- patches and gum
48
What is the mechanism of action of the sympathetic system?
- release norepinephrine and epinephrine
49
What is dobutamine used to treat?
- HF by increasing contractility and SV
50
What are anticholinergic drugs used to treat?
- P/ R D, IBS, I
- Parkinson’s and respiratory disease
- IBS
- incontinence
51
What are the contraindications of taking anticholinergic drugs?
- Closed angle glaucoma
- myasthenia gravis
- HR or BP issues
- GI or GU obstruction
52
What are the adverse effects of taking anticholinergic drugs?
3 c’s
- cant see
- cant spit
- cant shit
53
What is the antidote for anticholinergic OD?
Physostigmine
54
What is atropine (anticholinergic) used to treat?
B, ANTIDOTE, DUM
- bradycardia
- antidote anticholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
- dry up mucous membranes
55
What are the contraindications of taking atropine (anticholinergic)?
CAG, GI/GUO, UC
- closed angle glaucoma
- GI or GU obstruction
- severe ulcerative colitis
56
What is dicyclomine (bentyl) (anticholinergic) used to treat?
Bentyl= Bowl
IBS
57
What is the contraindications of all anticholinergics?
CAG
Closed angle glaucoma
58
What is oxybutynin (ditropan) (anticholinergic) used to treat?
Get the bedpan immediately!
Urinary urgency
59
What drugs affect the parasympathetic system?
- cholinergic medication
60
What should the nurse educate the patient about (anticholinergic) drugs?
- DM, IRFHS
- dry mouth may occur
- anticholinergic taken by older adults may lead to higher risk for heatstroke
61
What are (cholinergic) drugs used to treat?
CAG, B/GIM, DM, MG, NB, RAP
- reduce intraocular pressure in pt with glaucoma
- increase bladder and GI motility
- dry mouth
- myasthenia gravis
- neuromuscular blocking
- reverse anticholinergic poisoning
62
What are the contraindications of taking (cholinergic) drugs?
- GI or GU obstruction
- bradycardia
- hypotension
COPD
63
What are the adverse effects of taking (cholinergic) drugs?
- B, HYPO, IS
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- increased secretion
64
What is bethanechol (urecholine) (cholinergic) used to treat?
UR
Urinary rention
65
What does donepezil (aricept) (cholinergic) used to treat?
- Alzheimer’s disease
66
What are the adverse effects of taking donepril (aricept) (cholinergic)?
GIU, DIZZ, B, HYPO
- GI upset
- dizziness
- bradycardia
- hypotension
67
What drug does donepezil (aricept) interact with ?
NSAIDS
68
What drug is used to improve muscle strength and is an antidote for neuromuscular blocking drugs+ atropine ?
Pyridosttigmine (mestinon)
69
What are the signs of OD of cholinergic drugs?
SLUDGE and 3 B’s
Salvation
Lacramation
Urination
Diarrhea
Gastric motility
Emesis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea
70
What should the nurse educate a patient on when taking cholinergic drugs?
Myasthenia gravis and urinary rentention
- for myasthenia gravis take medication 30 minutes before eating
- urination should occur 60 minutes before bethanechol admin
71
What system does adrenergic drugs effect?
Sympathetic
72
What is the mechanism of action of anti adrenergic drugs?
They block alpha or beta
73
What are alpha blockers (anti adrenergic) used to treat?
HTN, BPH, RD
Prevent HTN in pt with rare adrenal gland tumor
BPH
Raynaud’s disease
74
What are the adverse effects of taking alpha blockers (anti adrenergic)?
OHYPO, T, P, N/V, DIZZ
- orthostatic hypotension (First dose phenomenon)
- tachycardia
- palpating
N/V
Dizziness
75
What are the contraindications of taking alpha blockers?
PVD, RD< CAD< PUD< S
- peripheral vascular disease
- renal disease
-CAD
- PUD
- sepsis
76
What can an OD on alpha blocker (anti adrenergic) cause?
HPYO and S
- hypotension and seizures
77
What drugs are used to treat seizures?
- diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan)
78
What is phentolamine used to treat?
HTN and N
- mild to moderate HTN
- necrosis
79
what is tamsulosin (flomax) (anti adrenergic)?
Males, and women
- BPH in males
- kidney stones in women
80
What are beta blockers used to treat?
MAD HAG
Migraine headaches
Angina
Dysrhythmias
Heart failure
Antihypertensive
Glaucoma
81
What are the adverse effects of taking beta blockers?
- bradycardia
- breathing problems
- blood sugar masking
- bad heart faliure
- bad for falls
