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Pharmacology > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are antihistamines used to treat?

SA, PD, V, OSA

A
  • seasonal allergies
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • vertigo
  • occasional sleep aid
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2
Q

What are the contraindications of taking antihistamines?

NAG, C/R, COPD/ A

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • Cardiac/ renal disease (amps up HR and BP)
  • COPD/ asthma ( causes bronchoconstriction)
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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking antihistamines?

4 c’s

A
  • cant see
  • cant pee
  • cant spit
    -cant shit
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4
Q

what should the nurse educate the patient on when taking an antihistamine?

A
  • dont take w/ other OTC
  • take w/ food to decrease GI effects
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5
Q

What is loratadine (Claritin) used to treat?

A
  • allergies
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6
Q

What should the nurse understand before administering loratadine?

NS, PCB, NFCU2, NSUOD

A
  • non sedating
  • Preg category B
  • not for children under 2yrs old
  • no symptoms unless OD
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7
Q

What is diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) used to treat?

MS, POS, AR

A
  • motion sickness
  • promotion of sleep
  • allergic reaction
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8
Q

What can occur if decongestants are used long term?

A

Rebound congestion

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9
Q

what are the three different groups of nasal decongestants?

A
  • adrenergic
  • anticholinergic
  • topical corticosteroid
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10
Q

What is the contraindications of decongestants?

NAG, UCD, DM, HYPER

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • uncontrolled cardiovascular disease
  • DM
  • hyperthyroidism
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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking nasal decongestants?

N, I , P, T, MI/D

A
  • nervousness
  • insomnia
  • palpitations
  • tremor
  • mucosal irritation and dryness
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12
Q

What drug shouldn’t be taken for more than three days due to rebound congestion?

A

Oxymetazoline ( Afrin)

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13
Q

What are antitussives used to treat?

A
  • used for dry hacking cough that are non productive
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14
Q

What is a non opioid drug used to treat non productive coughs?

A
  • benzonatate (tessalon pearls)
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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking benzonatate ( tessalon pearls)?

Dizz, Sed, P

A
  • dizziness
  • sedation
  • pruritus
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16
Q

What are the contraindications of taking benzonatate ( tessalon pearls)?

A

Pregnancy category c

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17
Q

What are the contraindications of taking codeine?

DRF, IRFS/ ICP

A
  • depressed respiratory function
  • increased ICP and seizures
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18
Q

What is dextromethorphan?

Antitussives

A
  • non opioid drug that doesn’t cause respiratory or CNS depression
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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking dextromethorphan?

DIZZ, DR, N

A

-dizziness
- drowsiness
- nausea

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20
Q

What are the contraindicated when taking dextromethorphan?

A, E, PH

A
  • asthma
    -emphysema
  • persistent headache
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21
Q

What is expectorants used to treat?

Expell

A

A productive cough by breaking and thinning out secretions

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22
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking expectorants?

A
  • do not take longer than a week
  • increase fluid intake
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23
Q

What are the three classes of drugs that relax the bronchial smooth muscle?

A
  • beta adrenergic agonist
  • anticholinergics
  • xanthine derivatives
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24
Q

What is the purpose of beta adrenergic agonist?

A
  • used during the acute phase of an asthma attack and reduced airway congestion
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25
Q

What are the two different categories of beta adrenergic agonist drugs?

SABA AND LABA

A
  • short acting (SABA
  • long acting (LABA)
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26
Q

What is an example of a SABA drug?

Acute= A

A

Albuterol

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27
Q

What is the most common LABA drug?

Salm is moving slow in lab

A

Salmeterol

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28
Q

What are the contraindicated for beta adrenergic agonist?

Cardiac

A
  • uncontrolled HTN
  • cardiac dysrhythmias
  • high risk for stroke
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29
Q

What are the adverse effect of taking beta adrenergic agonists?

3 T’s

A
  • tachycardia
    -tremors
  • trouble sleeping
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30
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking albuterol?

A

Shake it before you take it

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31
Q

What is salemterol (LABA) mainly used to treat?

A
  • COPD
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32
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking salmeterol (LABA)?

A
  • HTN
  • neuromuscular and skeletal pain
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33
Q

What are the contraindicated when taking anticholinergics?

NAG, PE

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • prostate enlargement
34
Q

What anticholinergic drug can be combined with albuterol?

A
  • ipratropium (atorvent)
35
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking xanthine derivatives?

T, P, H

A
  • tachycardia
  • palpating
  • hyperglycemia
36
Q

What should the nurse educate a patient on when taking xanthine derivatives?

AC/CBF, DNS

A
  • avoid caffeine and charbroiled foods
  • do not smoke
37
Q

What is the therapeutic blood level in a pt taking theophylline?

A

5- 15 mcg/mL

38
Q

What are the common adverse effects of taking theophylline?

NG, HGLY, T

A
  • nocturnal GERD
  • hyperglycemia
  • tachycardia
39
Q

What are the signs of theophylline toxicity?

T, S, HYPO, N/V

A
  • tachycardia
  • seizures
  • hypotension
  • Nausea and vomiting
40
Q

What is used to treat seizures?

V, A

A
  • Valium
  • Ativan
41
Q

What should the nurse educate the pt on when taking leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Singulair

A
  • take the meds at night
42
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient on when taking corticosteroids?

A
  • rinse your mouth after
  • take steroids last
43
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking nicotine suppressant medication?

T, C, TAC, IBP

A
  • tremors
    -convulsions
  • tachycardia
  • increased BP
44
Q

What are the symptoms of nic withdrawal?

I, R, DHR, DBP

A
  • irritability
  • restlessness
  • decrease HR
  • decreased BP
45
Q

What is the approved first line therapy to aid in smoking cessation?

A
  • Wellbutrin
46
Q

What is the newest drug for smoking cessation?

A
  • varenicline (chantix)
47
Q

What option is used for acute relief from withdrawal symptoms?

A
  • patches and gum
48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the sympathetic system?

A
  • release norepinephrine and epinephrine
49
Q

What is dobutamine used to treat?

A
  • HF by increasing contractility and SV
50
Q

What are anticholinergic drugs used to treat?

  • P/ R D, IBS, I
A
  • Parkinson’s and respiratory disease
  • IBS
  • incontinence
51
Q

What are the contraindications of taking anticholinergic drugs?

A
  • Closed angle glaucoma
  • myasthenia gravis
  • HR or BP issues
  • GI or GU obstruction
52
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking anticholinergic drugs?

3 c’s

A
  • cant see
  • cant spit
  • cant shit
53
Q

What is the antidote for anticholinergic OD?

A

Physostigmine

54
Q

What is atropine (anticholinergic) used to treat?

B, ANTIDOTE, DUM

A
  • bradycardia
  • antidote anticholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
  • dry up mucous membranes
55
Q

What are the contraindications of taking atropine (anticholinergic)?

CAG, GI/GUO, UC

A
  • closed angle glaucoma
  • GI or GU obstruction
  • severe ulcerative colitis
56
Q

What is dicyclomine (bentyl) (anticholinergic) used to treat?

Bentyl= Bowl

A

IBS

57
Q

What is the contraindications of all anticholinergics?

CAG

A

Closed angle glaucoma

58
Q

What is oxybutynin (ditropan) (anticholinergic) used to treat?

Get the bedpan immediately!

A

Urinary urgency

59
Q

What drugs affect the parasympathetic system?

A
  • cholinergic medication
60
Q

What should the nurse educate the patient about (anticholinergic) drugs?

  • DM, IRFHS
A
  • dry mouth may occur
  • anticholinergic taken by older adults may lead to higher risk for heatstroke
61
Q

What are (cholinergic) drugs used to treat?

CAG, B/GIM, DM, MG, NB, RAP

A
  • reduce intraocular pressure in pt with glaucoma
  • increase bladder and GI motility
  • dry mouth
  • myasthenia gravis
  • neuromuscular blocking
  • reverse anticholinergic poisoning
62
Q

What are the contraindications of taking (cholinergic) drugs?

A
  • GI or GU obstruction
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
    COPD
63
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking (cholinergic) drugs?

  • B, HYPO, IS
A
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • increased secretion
64
Q

What is bethanechol (urecholine) (cholinergic) used to treat?

UR

A

Urinary rention

65
Q

What does donepezil (aricept) (cholinergic) used to treat?

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
66
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking donepril (aricept) (cholinergic)?

GIU, DIZZ, B, HYPO

A
  • GI upset
  • dizziness
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
67
Q

What drug does donepezil (aricept) interact with ?

A

NSAIDS

68
Q

What drug is used to improve muscle strength and is an antidote for neuromuscular blocking drugs+ atropine ?

A

Pyridosttigmine (mestinon)

69
Q

What are the signs of OD of cholinergic drugs?

SLUDGE and 3 B’s

A

Salvation
Lacramation
Urination
Diarrhea
Gastric motility
Emesis

Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea

70
Q

What should the nurse educate a patient on when taking cholinergic drugs?

Myasthenia gravis and urinary rentention

A
  • for myasthenia gravis take medication 30 minutes before eating
  • urination should occur 60 minutes before bethanechol admin
71
Q

What system does adrenergic drugs effect?

A

Sympathetic

72
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti adrenergic drugs?

A

They block alpha or beta

73
Q

What are alpha blockers (anti adrenergic) used to treat?

HTN, BPH, RD

A

Prevent HTN in pt with rare adrenal gland tumor
BPH
Raynaud’s disease

74
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking alpha blockers (anti adrenergic)?

OHYPO, T, P, N/V, DIZZ

A
  • orthostatic hypotension (First dose phenomenon)
  • tachycardia
  • palpating
    N/V
    Dizziness
75
Q

What are the contraindications of taking alpha blockers?

PVD, RD< CAD< PUD< S

A
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • renal disease
    -CAD
  • PUD
  • sepsis
76
Q

What can an OD on alpha blocker (anti adrenergic) cause?

HPYO and S

A
  • hypotension and seizures
77
Q

What drugs are used to treat seizures?

A
  • diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan)
78
Q

What is phentolamine used to treat?

HTN and N

A
  • mild to moderate HTN
  • necrosis
79
Q

what is tamsulosin (flomax) (anti adrenergic)?

Males, and women

A
  • BPH in males
  • kidney stones in women
80
Q

What are beta blockers used to treat?

MAD HAG

A

Migraine headaches
Angina
Dysrhythmias

Heart failure
Antihypertensive
Glaucoma

81
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking beta blockers?

A
  • bradycardia
  • breathing problems
  • blood sugar masking
  • bad heart faliure
  • bad for falls

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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