Exam 5 Re-Do

Question 1

Armadillos curl up into a ball when attacked. Reginald teaches an armadillo to curl up into a ball when a buzzer sounds. Reginald is making use of the phenomenon known as _______.

Answer 1

preparedness

Question 2

The psychologist who mistakenly believed that learned behavior could be inherited was _______

Answer 2

McDougall

Question 3

While walking in the woods, Larry happens to stumble across a nest of turkey eggs just as they are hatching. Larry watches the chicks as they emerge from their eggs and begin walking about. As he leaves th nest area, Larry finds the young birds are determined to go with him. Larry’s new friends are victims of _____.

Answer 3

imprinting

Question 4

John has difficulty training a raccoon to pick up coins and put them in a bank. It is most likely that ______.

Answer 4

the raccoon was contraprepared to learn this task

Question 5

Skinner’s efforts to teach pigeons to play ping pong demonstrate that the inability to learn a skill may sometimes be overcome by ______.

Answer 5

making allowances for physical limitation

Question 6

Efforts to teach chimpanzees to talk probably failed because _____.

Answer 6

chimps lack the biological structures for speech

Question 7

Louise going to an outdoor rock concert at which she tries pizza for the first time, and listens to a new rock group. During the course of the concert she becomes nauseated. You predict that she will become nauseated the next time she _________.

Answer 7

eats pizza

Question 8

Frances puts a hungry rat into an experimental chamber. Whenever the rat presses a lever, food falls into a tray. In about 30 minutes, the rat is pressing the lever steadily. Frances returns the rat to the training cage for one hour a day every day until the rat produces young. Frances the trains one of this rat’s offspring in the same manner as its mother and repeats this procedure for generation after generation. You predict that when the twelfth generation rat is put int the training cage, it will press the lever steadily in about _____.

Answer 8

30 minutes

Question 9

The person whose name is associated with the inheritance of acquired characteristics is ________.

Answer 9

Lamarck

Question 10

Keller and Marion Breland are known for their article, _______.

Answer 10

The Misbehavior of Organisms

Question 11

In their study of conditioning, Garcia and Koelling gave rats blue-colored flavored water that came with a clicking noise whenever the rat drank. They then made the rats sick with radiation. They found that the rats later avoided ______.

Answer 11

water with a distinct taste

Question 12

Allen and Beatrice Gardner taught a chimpanzee to ______.

Answer 12

use sign language

Question 13

Harry and Martha Frank found that on barrier problems dogs did not perform as well as ______

Answer 13

wolves

Question 14

Substances that damage the nervous system are called ______.

Answer 14

neurotoxins

Question 15

Forgetting is the deterioration of _______.

Answer 15

performance

Question 16

To measure forgetting, Ebbinghaus used the _______.

Answer 16

relearning method

Question 17

The Chase and Simon study comparing chess masters and ordinary players showed that when chess pieces were arranged in random order, _____.

Answer 17

chess masters and ordinary players forgot about the same amount

Question 18

Forgetting can be measured as a flattening of the generalization gradient, a procedure called gradient _______.

Answer 18

degradation

Question 19

The work of Levine and Murphy suggests that people are more likely to forget what they read if they ______.

Answer 19

disagree with it

Question 20

Forgetting can be studied by requiring the subject to match a stimulus presented earlier, a procedure called ______.

Answer 20

DMTS

Question 21

Kamil and Balda found that Clark’s nutcrackers could recall the location of food caches for up to ________.

Answer 21

6 months

Question 22

Ericsson and Chase found that “SF” could recall series of up to ______ digits.

Answer 22

82

Question 23

Riding a bicycle is an example of ______ memory.

Answer 23

procedural

Question 24

When what we learned on Monday interferes with our ability to recall what we learned the following Tuesday, we speak of _____.

Answer 24

proactive

Question 25

Loftus found that eyewitness reports are influenced by the words used to ask about the event. In one experiment, she found that use of the word “smashed” produced higher estimates of car speed than use of the word ______.

Answer 25

hit

Question 26

The “man who couldn’t forget” was studied by _____.

Answer 26

Luria

Question 27

A system for learning with flashcards is known by the acronym _____.

Answer 27

SAFMEDS

Question 28

One mnemonic system is called _____.

Answer 28

peg-word

Question 29

According to the author of your text, the history of memory has been a story of ______.

Answer 29

metaphors

Question 30

According to the author of your text, the popular belief that experiences are permanently stored in the brain is due largely to the influences of ______.

Answer 30

Sigmund Freud and Wilder Penfield

Question 31

When measuring forgetting using the extinction method, the behavior studied is _______.

Answer 31

put on extinction after the retention interval

Question 32

In _____ learning, two stimuli, A and B, are presented, and the task is then to recall B when presented with A.

Answer 32

paired associate

Question 33

Sir Frederick Barlett’s classic study of forgetting used the story, ______.

Answer 33

The War of the Ghosts

Question 34

When forgetting occurs because the environment during recall is different from tne environment during training, it is said to be ______.

Answer 34

cue-dependent

Question 35

H.M. proved to be a great source of information about neural mechanisms in the retention of learning. His brain damage was caused by

Answer 35

surgery to treat severe epilepsy

Question 36

The organ that is most likely to be involved in the formation of long-term memories is the ______.

Answer 36

hippocampus

Question 37

Memories that can be expressed, particularly in words, are called ____ memories.

Answer 37

declarative

Question 38

Endel Tulving said that _____ memories deal with “knowledge of the world”

Answer 38

semantic

Question 39

Another term for episodic memory is ______ memory.

Answer 39

autobiographical

Question 40

Memories that cannot be expressed are called _____.

Answer 40

nondeclarative

Question 41

Sign tracking is also called _____.

Answer 41

autoshaping

Question 42

Learning is of vital importance because so many problems that face society involve ______.

Answer 42

behavior