Exam 5 Re-Do Flashcards
Armadillos curl up into a ball when attacked. Reginald teaches an armadillo to curl up into a ball when a buzzer sounds. Reginald is making use of the phenomenon known as _______.
preparedness
The psychologist who mistakenly believed that learned behavior could be inherited was _______
McDougall
While walking in the woods, Larry happens to stumble across a nest of turkey eggs just as they are hatching. Larry watches the chicks as they emerge from their eggs and begin walking about. As he leaves th nest area, Larry finds the young birds are determined to go with him. Larry’s new friends are victims of _____.
imprinting
John has difficulty training a raccoon to pick up coins and put them in a bank. It is most likely that ______.
the raccoon was contraprepared to learn this task
Skinner’s efforts to teach pigeons to play ping pong demonstrate that the inability to learn a skill may sometimes be overcome by ______.
making allowances for physical limitation
Efforts to teach chimpanzees to talk probably failed because _____.
chimps lack the biological structures for speech
Louise going to an outdoor rock concert at which she tries pizza for the first time, and listens to a new rock group. During the course of the concert she becomes nauseated. You predict that she will become nauseated the next time she _________.
eats pizza
Frances puts a hungry rat into an experimental chamber. Whenever the rat presses a lever, food falls into a tray. In about 30 minutes, the rat is pressing the lever steadily. Frances returns the rat to the training cage for one hour a day every day until the rat produces young. Frances the trains one of this rat’s offspring in the same manner as its mother and repeats this procedure for generation after generation. You predict that when the twelfth generation rat is put int the training cage, it will press the lever steadily in about _____.
30 minutes
The person whose name is associated with the inheritance of acquired characteristics is ________.
Lamarck
Keller and Marion Breland are known for their article, _______.
The Misbehavior of Organisms
In their study of conditioning, Garcia and Koelling gave rats blue-colored flavored water that came with a clicking noise whenever the rat drank. They then made the rats sick with radiation. They found that the rats later avoided ______.
water with a distinct taste
Allen and Beatrice Gardner taught a chimpanzee to ______.
use sign language
Harry and Martha Frank found that on barrier problems dogs did not perform as well as ______
wolves
Substances that damage the nervous system are called ______.
neurotoxins
Forgetting is the deterioration of _______.
performance
To measure forgetting, Ebbinghaus used the _______.
relearning method
The Chase and Simon study comparing chess masters and ordinary players showed that when chess pieces were arranged in random order, _____.
chess masters and ordinary players forgot about the same amount
Forgetting can be measured as a flattening of the generalization gradient, a procedure called gradient _______.
degradation
The work of Levine and Murphy suggests that people are more likely to forget what they read if they ______.
disagree with it
Forgetting can be studied by requiring the subject to match a stimulus presented earlier, a procedure called ______.
DMTS
Kamil and Balda found that Clark’s nutcrackers could recall the location of food caches for up to ________.
6 months
Ericsson and Chase found that “SF” could recall series of up to ______ digits.
82
Riding a bicycle is an example of ______ memory.
procedural
When what we learned on Monday interferes with our ability to recall what we learned the following Tuesday, we speak of _____.
proactive
Loftus found that eyewitness reports are influenced by the words used to ask about the event. In one experiment, she found that use of the word “smashed” produced higher estimates of car speed than use of the word ______.
hit
The “man who couldn’t forget” was studied by _____.
Luria
A system for learning with flashcards is known by the acronym _____.
SAFMEDS
One mnemonic system is called _____.
peg-word
According to the author of your text, the history of memory has been a story of ______.
metaphors
According to the author of your text, the popular belief that experiences are permanently stored in the brain is due largely to the influences of ______.
Sigmund Freud and Wilder Penfield
When measuring forgetting using the extinction method, the behavior studied is _______.
put on extinction after the retention interval
In _____ learning, two stimuli, A and B, are presented, and the task is then to recall B when presented with A.
paired associate
Sir Frederick Barlett’s classic study of forgetting used the story, ______.
The War of the Ghosts
When forgetting occurs because the environment during recall is different from tne environment during training, it is said to be ______.
cue-dependent
H.M. proved to be a great source of information about neural mechanisms in the retention of learning. His brain damage was caused by
surgery to treat severe epilepsy
The organ that is most likely to be involved in the formation of long-term memories is the ______.
hippocampus
Memories that can be expressed, particularly in words, are called ____ memories.
declarative
Endel Tulving said that _____ memories deal with “knowledge of the world”
semantic
Another term for episodic memory is ______ memory.
autobiographical
Memories that cannot be expressed are called _____.
nondeclarative
Sign tracking is also called _____.
autoshaping
Learning is of vital importance because so many problems that face society involve ______.
behavior
