Exam 4 Flashcards
the procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that reduce the strength of that behavior
punishment
any consequence of a behavior that decreases the strength of that behavior
punisher
a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus
positive punishment
a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus
negative punishment (or penalty training)
the procedure of altering the environment to precent unwanted behavior from occuriring
response prevention
a form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the complete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of other behavior because some other behavior is necessarily reinforced
DR0 (differential reinforcement of zero responding)
a form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring
physical restraint
a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior
distancing
a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs
monitoring behavior
a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior
inform others of your goals
the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive
learned helplessness
an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence
learned industriousness
any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement
superstitious behavior
a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring
physical restraint
a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior
distancing
a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs
monitoring behavior
a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior
inform others of your goals
the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive
learned helplessness
an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence
learned industriousness
any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement
superstitious behavior
an aversive is ADDED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Good old fashioned punishment. What most people think of as punishment–add an aversive to “punish” a behavior.
positive punishment
also called penalty training; something positive is SUBTRACTED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Paying a fine, losing privileges, going to jail (lose freedom)
negative punishment
the degree to which a punishing event is dependent on that behavior
contingency
The greater the ______, the greater the suppression of behavior.
contingency
the amount of delay
contiguity
The longer the ______, the slower the learning
delay
For maximum effect, punish behavior ______.
immediately
One reason for ineffectiveness of criminal justice system is the _____ between the crime and the punishment
delay
Very ____ punishers typically have little effect.
mild
The greater the _____, the greater the suppression of behavior.
intensity
Using an effective level of punishment from the beginning is VERY important
Introductory level of punishment
If punishment is to be used, start with a punisher ______ enough to suppress the behavior dramatically.
intense
A behavior may persist despite punishment due to the _________ that also is associated with the behavior.
reinforcement
______ _____ may persist if there is no alternative way to obtain the reinforcement that maintained the behavior. Example: Hungry rats will continue to press a lever despite shocks if there is no other way for them to obtain food.
Punished behavior
When the consequences of a behavior include both punishers and reinforcers, the level of _______ from the reinforcer will affect the behavior. Example: Hungry birds will peck a disk to get food even if they also get shocked.
deprivation
Today, the two leading theories of punishment are:
Two Process Theory and One Process Theory
Theory that says punishment involves both Pavlovian and operant procedures
Two Process Theory
Theory of punishment that says only operant learning is involved. Punishment weakens behavior the same way reinforcement increases it. Punishment and reinforcement have symmetrical effects on behavior
One Process Theory
Punishment works _____.
in the short run
Punishment is used because it is _____ to the one that is doing the punishing.
reinforcing
What is this alternative to punishment called:teach the dog to go lie down while you are eating do stop begging at the table
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
