Exam 4

Question 1

the procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that reduce the strength of that behavior

Answer 1

punishment

Question 2

any consequence of a behavior that decreases the strength of that behavior

Answer 2

punisher

Question 3

a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus

Answer 3

positive punishment

Question 4

a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus

Answer 4

negative punishment (or penalty training)

Question 5

the procedure of altering the environment to precent unwanted behavior from occuriring

Answer 5

response prevention

Question 6

a form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the complete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of other behavior because some other behavior is necessarily reinforced

Answer 6

DR0 (differential reinforcement of zero responding)

Question 7

a form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced

Answer 7

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Question 8

a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring

Answer 8

physical restraint

Question 9

a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior

Answer 9

distancing

Question 10

a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs

Answer 10

monitoring behavior

Question 11

a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior

Answer 11

inform others of your goals

Question 12

the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive

Answer 12

learned helplessness

Question 13

an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence

Answer 13

learned industriousness

Question 14

any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement

Answer 14

superstitious behavior

Question 15

a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring

Answer 15

physical restraint

Question 16

a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior

Answer 16

distancing

Question 17

a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs

Answer 17

monitoring behavior

Question 18

a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior

Answer 18

inform others of your goals

Question 19

the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive

Answer 19

learned helplessness

Question 20

an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence

Answer 20

learned industriousness

Question 21

any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement

Answer 21

superstitious behavior

Question 22

an aversive is ADDED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Good old fashioned punishment. What most people think of as punishment–add an aversive to “punish” a behavior.

Answer 22

positive punishment

Question 23

also called penalty training; something positive is SUBTRACTED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Paying a fine, losing privileges, going to jail (lose freedom)

Answer 23

negative punishment

Question 24

the degree to which a punishing event is dependent on that behavior

Answer 24

contingency

Question 25

The greater the ______, the greater the suppression of behavior.

Answer 25

contingency

Question 26

the amount of delay

Answer 26

contiguity

Question 27

The longer the ______, the slower the learning

Answer 27

delay

Question 28

For maximum effect, punish behavior ______.

Answer 28

immediately

Question 29

One reason for ineffectiveness of criminal justice system is the _____ between the crime and the punishment

Answer 29

delay

Question 30

Very ____ punishers typically have little effect.

Answer 30

mild

Question 31

The greater the _____, the greater the suppression of behavior.

Answer 31

intensity

Question 32

Using an effective level of punishment from the beginning is VERY important

Answer 32

Introductory level of punishment

Question 33

If punishment is to be used, start with a punisher ______ enough to suppress the behavior dramatically.

Answer 33

intense

Question 34

A behavior may persist despite punishment due to the _________ that also is associated with the behavior.

Answer 34

reinforcement

Question 35

______ _____ may persist if there is no alternative way to obtain the reinforcement that maintained the behavior. Example: Hungry rats will continue to press a lever despite shocks if there is no other way for them to obtain food.

Answer 35

Punished behavior

Question 36

When the consequences of a behavior include both punishers and reinforcers, the level of _______ from the reinforcer will affect the behavior. Example: Hungry birds will peck a disk to get food even if they also get shocked.

Answer 36

deprivation

Question 37

Today, the two leading theories of punishment are:

Answer 37

Two Process Theory and One Process Theory

Question 38

Theory that says punishment involves both Pavlovian and operant procedures

Answer 38

Two Process Theory

Question 39

Theory of punishment that says only operant learning is involved. Punishment weakens behavior the same way reinforcement increases it. Punishment and reinforcement have symmetrical effects on behavior

Answer 39

One Process Theory

Question 40

Punishment works _____.

Answer 40

in the short run

Question 41

Punishment is used because it is _____ to the one that is doing the punishing.

Answer 41

reinforcing

Question 42

What is this alternative to punishment called:teach the dog to go lie down while you are eating do stop begging at the table

Answer 42

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior