Exam 1 Flashcards
The author of your book evidently believes that _______.
learning is a way of adapting to change
Variation and natural selection are the foundations of ____________.
evolution
The chupacabra, a fictitous animal, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to the sun. This reaction is most likely ________.
a reflex
Teenagerus Americanus, a two-legged ape indigenous to North America, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to elevator music. This reaction is most likely _________.
learned behavior
The tendency of some animals to hoard food is probably an example of ____________.
a general behavior trait
Modal action patterns are induced by events called ________.
releasers
The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning ________.
is faster
The phenomenon that is nearly the opposite of habituation is _______.
sensiitization
In her study of baboons, Shirley Strum found that the most successful males were __________.
less aggressive than other males
The brown-headed cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds. This is most likely a _______.
modal action pattern
Natural selection is often _______.
behind the times
Learning is an evolved _____.
modifiability
According to David Buss, the work of Gregor Mendel ______.
had little or no influence of Darwin’s thinking
Behavior is anything an animal or person does that can be __________.
measured
Natural selection is illustrated by changes in the coloration of the Peppered Moth resulting from __________.
industrial pollution
Most mutations ________.
are not helpful to survival
A relfex is ____________.
a relationship between an event and a simple response
The color _____ is a releaser for aggression in the male stickleback.
red
Learning is
a change in behavior
An _____ is something an organism tries to escape or avoied
aversive
Hart and Risley did a longitudinal study of the influence of the home verbal environment on children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. They found that _______.
children whose parents talked to them a lot later scored lower on IQ tests
Steven says that he was very nervous when he first attended college classes, but now he feels quite relaxed. Steven’s loss of anxiety is most likely an example of __________.
learning
Athumbtack stuck in a bulletin board several feet away is less likely to affect your behavior than a thumbtack placed on the chair in which you are sitting. Even though both examples involve a thumbtack, the second is more likely to qualify as a ______.
stimulus
Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _____________.
topography
Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _____.
intensity
In a cumulative record, learning is indicated by a change in response ______.
rate
When a behavior is defined by the procedure used to measure it, the definition is said to be _____.
operational
The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is ________.
between-subjects experiment
The kind of study that is most likely to involve a large number of subjects is one with a _________.
between-subjects design
In single-subject experiments, each subject’s performance is compared with its performance during a ________.
baseline period
Using an ABA reversal design is rather like using a ________.
light switch
Experiments done in natural settings are called ______.
field experiments
One problem with computer similations as a substitute for animal research is that _________.
no one knows what behavior to program untile the research has been done
Fluency is also known as ______.
automaticity
In group-design experiments, researchers often use ______ to reduce differences among participants.
matched sampling
Experimental research on behavior is often said to beartificial. To compensate for this problem, researchers do ______.
field experiments
