Exam 1

Question 1

The author of your book evidently believes that _______.

Answer 1

learning is a way of adapting to change

Question 2

Variation and natural selection are the foundations of ____________.

Answer 2

evolution

Question 3

The chupacabra, a fictitous animal, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to the sun. This reaction is most likely ________.

Answer 3

a reflex

Question 4

Teenagerus Americanus, a two-legged ape indigenous to North America, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to elevator music. This reaction is most likely _________.

Answer 4

learned behavior

Question 5

The tendency of some animals to hoard food is probably an example of ____________.

Answer 5

a general behavior trait

Question 6

Modal action patterns are induced by events called ________.

Answer 6

releasers

Question 7

The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning ________.

Answer 7

is faster

Question 8

The phenomenon that is nearly the opposite of habituation is _______.

Answer 8

sensiitization

Question 9

In her study of baboons, Shirley Strum found that the most successful males were __________.

Answer 9

less aggressive than other males

Question 10

The brown-headed cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds. This is most likely a _______.

Answer 10

modal action pattern

Question 11

Natural selection is often _______.

Answer 11

behind the times

Question 12

Learning is an evolved _____.

Answer 12

modifiability

Question 13

According to David Buss, the work of Gregor Mendel ______.

Answer 13

had little or no influence of Darwin’s thinking

Question 14

Behavior is anything an animal or person does that can be __________.

Answer 14

measured

Question 15

Natural selection is illustrated by changes in the coloration of the Peppered Moth resulting from __________.

Answer 15

industrial pollution

Question 16

Most mutations ________.

Answer 16

are not helpful to survival

Question 17

A relfex is ____________.

Answer 17

a relationship between an event and a simple response

Question 18

The color _____ is a releaser for aggression in the male stickleback.

Answer 18

red

Question 19

Learning is

Answer 19

a change in behavior

Question 20

An _____ is something an organism tries to escape or avoied

Answer 20

aversive

Question 21

Hart and Risley did a longitudinal study of the influence of the home verbal environment on children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. They found that _______.

Answer 21

children whose parents talked to them a lot later scored lower on IQ tests

Question 22

Steven says that he was very nervous when he first attended college classes, but now he feels quite relaxed. Steven’s loss of anxiety is most likely an example of __________.

Answer 22

learning

Question 23

Athumbtack stuck in a bulletin board several feet away is less likely to affect your behavior than a thumbtack placed on the chair in which you are sitting. Even though both examples involve a thumbtack, the second is more likely to qualify as a ______.

Answer 23

stimulus

Question 24

Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _____________.

Answer 24

topography

Question 25

Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _____.

Answer 25

intensity

Question 26

In a cumulative record, learning is indicated by a change in response ______.

Answer 26

rate

Question 27

When a behavior is defined by the procedure used to measure it, the definition is said to be _____.

Answer 27

operational

Question 28

The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is ________.

Answer 28

between-subjects experiment

Question 29

The kind of study that is most likely to involve a large number of subjects is one with a _________.

Answer 29

between-subjects design

Question 30

In single-subject experiments, each subject’s performance is compared with its performance during a ________.

Answer 30

baseline period

Question 31

Using an ABA reversal design is rather like using a ________.

Answer 31

light switch

Question 32

Experiments done in natural settings are called ______.

Answer 32

field experiments

Question 33

One problem with computer similations as a substitute for animal research is that _________.

Answer 33

no one knows what behavior to program untile the research has been done

Question 34

Fluency is also known as ______.

Answer 34

automaticity

Question 35

In group-design experiments, researchers often use ______ to reduce differences among participants.

Answer 35

matched sampling

Question 36

Experimental research on behavior is often said to beartificial. To compensate for this problem, researchers do ______.

Answer 36

field experiments