Exam 5 Lab Flashcards
List the pathway to the lungs?
nasal cavity where it is warmed by the turbinates to pharynx (epiglottis covers when swallow) glottis larynx to trachea to bronchi (larynx trachea and bronchi kept open with supportive cartilage) to bronchioles (smooth muscle lack cartilage) and alveoli
What are the parts of the lung?
right side- cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe, center most- accessory or mediastinal lobe
left lung: cranial love, middle lobe, candle lobe
What is the parietal pericardium sac?
outermost sac around heart
What is visceral pericardium?
shinty surfaced attached to heart muscle; secretes serous fluid
What is endocardium?
Squamous epithelium forms smooth, shiny singing of chambers and valves
What is the AV valve? semilunar?
atria and ventral have chord tendinae to close
ventricles and arteries
What are the parts of the right side of the heart?
topmost right auricles (atria) below it is right ventricle with inter ventricular (oxygenated) separating it from the right ventricle
right auricle/atria right next to arteries
top most straight pointing up artery is (brachiocephalic with oxygenated blood). right below it is the aortic arch. lower connected to atria is the opening for the superior vena cava (deoxygenated) and the tube going inside below the opening from superior is the inferior
What is the pathway from the heart myocardium?
coronary veins and superior anterior vena cava
What is the pathway from the head and brain?
external jugular veins (brachiocephalic) and superior anterior vena cava
What is the pathway form the arms and shoulders?
right and left subclavian veins brachiocephalic veins and superior posterior vena cava
What is the pathway of the main arteries?
first at the left ventricle it goes from the aortic arch and splits off to the brachiocephalic, left subclavian and dorsal thoracic arch?
What results from the brachiocephalic artery?
right subclavian (shoulder) and the right and left common carotid
What are the main branch points off of the dorsal abdominal aorta?
celiac artery, superior mesenteric, left and right renal artery, inferior mesenteric (colon and rectum) , right and left illiolumbar (lateral abdominal wall muscles) and external iliac artery (pelvis and pelvic limbs), and caudal artery
What are the split offs of the celiac artery
hepatic artery (liver), left gastric, and splenic
What are the split offs of the superior mesenteric artery?
intestinal artery, and post pancreaticoduodenal artery
What is the pathway of the main veins?
blood from the superior/anterior vena cave and inferior vena cave empty into the atria
What makes up the superior/anterior vena cava?
right bracioceplic and left brachiocephalic veins which come from the left and right subclavian and external jugular
What main things make up the inferior/posterior vena cava?
hepatic veins, L&Rrenal veins, L&R illiolumbar (lateral abdominal wall muscles) and L&R common iliac veins (pelvis and pelvic limbs), and caudal vein
What is the function of the liver?
detox, fat emulsification, carbohydrate fat and protein storage and metabolism?
What is the function of the pancreas?
produces tryp[psin insulin and glucagon
What is the function of the apexes?
cecum in other vertebrates helps with digestion
What is the function of the gall bladder?
storage of bile form lives
What are the three salivary glans?
Parotid is the largest dorsal to the master, the submaxillary are to right next to the parotid and the l is the lymph node
What are the sections of the liver?
right medial (covers right lateral that is anterior and posterior, inner more is quart then the left medial is the center a little to the left and the left lateral is large.
What are the parts of the stomach
mesenteric was removed
anterior( digestion) pyloric posterior ends in pyloric valve
inside stomach are rug or folds
What are the layers of the tongue cell?
stratified squamous epithelium (abrasion and dehydration) outer edge, polyhedral in between, deeper darker cells are columnar or cuboidal. below that is muscle filiform papillae vascular and connective tissue
What are the sections of the shark heart?
sinus venous, atrium, ventricle and conus arteriosus
What are some special adaptations in birds?
muscular croup, stomach with proventriculus and gizzard, paired cecum close to rectum
What is special about snake?
don’t have diaphragm only left lung
What are the sections of the snakes heart?
cavum pulmonale, cavum venösem and cavum arteriosum
What is the hepatic portal?
system moves deoxygenated blood from the viscera into the liver so nutrients are reabsorbed before it joins systemic circulation
What are somatic vessels?
go to body walls or limbs?
What are visceral vessels go to
go to organs
What is the duodenum?
where pancreas and bile duct from liver empty into the intestines
What is the appendix?
only found in humans out pocketing on large intestine/cecum
What are the layers of the stomach?
lumen, mucosa, muscular mucosa, submucosa and the red islands are blood vessels and the islands are muscular external.
Where is the gal bladder in the shark?
on the small lobe of the liver have rectal gland at bottom
Where is the spleen in the shark?
on the end of the stomach
What are the four chambers of the heart?
into the sinus venous into the atrium ventricle and conus arterioles q
What are the digestive parts of the bird?
esophagus to the crop then to the proventriculus and then gizzard the thick upper part is the duodenum with the pancreas nearby then the other parts of the small intestine and the ileocolic cecae then the large intestine near the cloaca.
parabronuhi and only 4th R aortic arch
What is special about snakes?
they don’t have diaphragm ventilating lungs using only rib cage and heart has three chambers with ventricle have internal ridges separating divided into cave pumonale cave venous and cave arteriosum
What is special about turtles?
they have no diaphragm ventilate lungs using modified thoracic musculature with spongy lungs an have left and right aorta going low and then the left and right sublacivan arty as well as ventral abdominal veins.
What do all animals including lamprey have?
liver, pancreas, and gall bladder
What do all animals starting with sharks have?
stomach, rigid tongue
What do all animals starting with amphibians, mammals, squamates (snakes) and alligators and birds have?
muscular tongue serous salivary glands, and a large intestine
What do mammals have?
fleshy lips and cheeks. epiglottis, bronchial tree, alveoli, muscular diaphragm, separate right and left ventricles only left 4th aortic arch
What do alligators and aves have?
gizzard-lied stomachi. 1=way airflow and separate right and left ventricles
What do mammals, squamates (snakes and lizards) crocodylla and bits all have?
aspiration pump ventilation, dual pressure heart, lost conus arterioles and ventral aorta and single pulmonary artery
