Exam 5 Lab

Question 1

List the pathway to the lungs?

Answer 1

nasal cavity where it is warmed by the turbinates to pharynx (epiglottis covers when swallow) glottis larynx to trachea to bronchi (larynx trachea and bronchi kept open with supportive cartilage) to bronchioles (smooth muscle lack cartilage) and alveoli

Question 2

What are the parts of the lung?

Answer 2

right side- cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe, center most- accessory or mediastinal lobe
left lung: cranial love, middle lobe, candle lobe

Question 3

What is the parietal pericardium sac?

Answer 3

outermost sac around heart

Question 4

What is visceral pericardium?

Answer 4

shinty surfaced attached to heart muscle; secretes serous fluid

Question 5

What is endocardium?

Answer 5

Squamous epithelium forms smooth, shiny singing of chambers and valves

Question 6

What is the AV valve? semilunar?

Answer 6

atria and ventral have chord tendinae to close

ventricles and arteries

Question 7

What are the parts of the right side of the heart?

Answer 7

topmost right auricles (atria) below it is right ventricle with inter ventricular (oxygenated) separating it from the right ventricle

right auricle/atria right next to arteries

top most straight pointing up artery is (brachiocephalic with oxygenated blood). right below it is the aortic arch. lower connected to atria is the opening for the superior vena cava (deoxygenated) and the tube going inside below the opening from superior is the inferior

Question 8

What is the pathway from the heart myocardium?

Answer 8

coronary veins and superior anterior vena cava

Question 9

What is the pathway from the head and brain?

Answer 9

external jugular veins (brachiocephalic) and superior anterior vena cava

Question 10

What is the pathway form the arms and shoulders?

Answer 10

right and left subclavian veins brachiocephalic veins and superior posterior vena cava

Question 11

What is the pathway of the main arteries?

Answer 11

first at the left ventricle it goes from the aortic arch and splits off to the brachiocephalic, left subclavian and dorsal thoracic arch?

Question 12

What results from the brachiocephalic artery?

Answer 12

right subclavian (shoulder) and the right and left common carotid

Question 13

What are the main branch points off of the dorsal abdominal aorta?

Answer 13

celiac artery, superior mesenteric, left and right renal artery, inferior mesenteric (colon and rectum) , right and left illiolumbar (lateral abdominal wall muscles) and external iliac artery (pelvis and pelvic limbs), and caudal artery

Question 14

What are the split offs of the celiac artery

Answer 14

hepatic artery (liver), left gastric, and splenic

Question 15

What are the split offs of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 15

intestinal artery, and post pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 16

What is the pathway of the main veins?

Answer 16

blood from the superior/anterior vena cave and inferior vena cave empty into the atria

Question 17

What makes up the superior/anterior vena cava?

Answer 17

right bracioceplic and left brachiocephalic veins which come from the left and right subclavian and external jugular

Question 18

What main things make up the inferior/posterior vena cava?

Answer 18

hepatic veins, L&Rrenal veins, L&R illiolumbar (lateral abdominal wall muscles) and L&R common iliac veins (pelvis and pelvic limbs), and caudal vein

Question 19

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 19

detox, fat emulsification, carbohydrate fat and protein storage and metabolism?

Question 20

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 20

produces tryp[psin insulin and glucagon

Question 21

What is the function of the apexes?

Answer 21

cecum in other vertebrates helps with digestion

Question 22

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 22

storage of bile form lives

Question 23

What are the three salivary glans?

Answer 23

Parotid is the largest dorsal to the master, the submaxillary are to right next to the parotid and the l is the lymph node

Question 24

What are the sections of the liver?

Answer 24

right medial (covers right lateral that is anterior and posterior, inner more is quart then the left medial is the center a little to the left and the left lateral is large.

Question 25

What are the parts of the stomach

Answer 25

mesenteric was removed
anterior( digestion) pyloric posterior ends in pyloric valve
inside stomach are rug or folds

Question 26

What are the layers of the tongue cell?

Answer 26

stratified squamous epithelium (abrasion and dehydration) outer edge, polyhedral in between, deeper darker cells are columnar or cuboidal. below that is muscle filiform papillae vascular and connective tissue

Question 27

What are the sections of the shark heart?

Answer 27

sinus venous, atrium, ventricle and conus arteriosus

Question 28

What are some special adaptations in birds?

Answer 28

muscular croup, stomach with proventriculus and gizzard, paired cecum close to rectum

Question 29

What is special about snake?

Answer 29

don’t have diaphragm only left lung

Question 30

What are the sections of the snakes heart?

Answer 30

cavum pulmonale, cavum venösem and cavum arteriosum

Question 31

What is the hepatic portal?

Answer 31

system moves deoxygenated blood from the viscera into the liver so nutrients are reabsorbed before it joins systemic circulation

Question 32

What are somatic vessels?

Answer 32

go to body walls or limbs?

Question 33

What are visceral vessels go to

Answer 33

go to organs

Question 34

What is the duodenum?

Answer 34

where pancreas and bile duct from liver empty into the intestines

Question 35

What is the appendix?

Answer 35

only found in humans out pocketing on large intestine/cecum

Question 36

What are the layers of the stomach?

Answer 36

lumen, mucosa, muscular mucosa, submucosa and the red islands are blood vessels and the islands are muscular external.

Question 37

Where is the gal bladder in the shark?

Answer 37

on the small lobe of the liver have rectal gland at bottom

Question 38

Where is the spleen in the shark?

Answer 38

on the end of the stomach

Question 39

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 39

into the sinus venous into the atrium ventricle and conus arterioles q

Question 40

What are the digestive parts of the bird?

Answer 40

esophagus to the crop then to the proventriculus and then gizzard the thick upper part is the duodenum with the pancreas nearby then the other parts of the small intestine and the ileocolic cecae then the large intestine near the cloaca.

parabronuhi and only 4th R aortic arch

Question 41

What is special about snakes?

Answer 41

they don’t have diaphragm ventilating lungs using only rib cage and heart has three chambers with ventricle have internal ridges separating divided into cave pumonale cave venous and cave arteriosum

Question 42

What is special about turtles?

Answer 42

they have no diaphragm ventilate lungs using modified thoracic musculature with spongy lungs an have left and right aorta going low and then the left and right sublacivan arty as well as ventral abdominal veins.

Question 43

What do all animals including lamprey have?

Answer 43

liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

Question 44

What do all animals starting with sharks have?

Answer 44

stomach, rigid tongue

Question 45

What do all animals starting with amphibians, mammals, squamates (snakes) and alligators and birds have?

Answer 45

muscular tongue serous salivary glands, and a large intestine

Question 46

What do mammals have?

Answer 46

fleshy lips and cheeks. epiglottis, bronchial tree, alveoli, muscular diaphragm, separate right and left ventricles only left 4th aortic arch

Question 47

What do alligators and aves have?

Answer 47

gizzard-lied stomachi. 1=way airflow and separate right and left ventricles

Question 48

What do mammals, squamates (snakes and lizards) crocodylla and bits all have?

Answer 48

aspiration pump ventilation, dual pressure heart, lost conus arterioles and ventral aorta and single pulmonary artery