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Anatomy > Exam 4 Lab > Flashcards

Exam 4 Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What does acromio mean?

A

tip

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2
Q

What does captious mean?

A

head

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3
Q

What does genio mean?

A

chin

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4
Q

what does deltoid mean?

A

triangle

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5
Q

What does gracilis mean?

A

short, slender

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6
Q

What does latissimus mean?

A

widest

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7
Q

What does platys mean?

A

flat

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8
Q

What does rectus mean?

A

straight, aprallel

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9
Q

What does heres mean?

A

long and round

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10
Q

What does vastus mean

A

great

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11
Q

What is a tendon?

A

connects muscle to bone

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12
Q

What are fascia?

A

sheets of connective tissue that attach to muscle

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13
Q

What are the function of long muscles?

A

kinetic able to produce highly visible external motion?

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14
Q

What are the function of short, deep muscles?

A

responsible for precise, small-scale adjustment

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15
Q

What are red muscle fibers? white?

A

aerobic with myoglobin storing oxygen

anaerobic larger in diameter with much more force make up most of body mass in trunk and tail in fish

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16
Q

What are the bracnhiomeric muscles/

A

controlled movement of gils in jawless fishes. meals took new functions in throat and laryngeal region

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17
Q

What are hyobranchial muscles?

A

long muscles anterior to posterior from jaws to pectoral girdle opening mouth or expanding gill chamber. reduced in mammals from pectoral girdle to larynx, hyoid and chin

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18
Q

What are epaxial muscles?

A

large with myosepta for lateral undulation. mammals reduced across vertebrae supporting and extending bag attaching to neural spines

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19
Q

What are hypaxial muscles?

A

below horizontal septum for lateral undulation less complex arrangement form thinner sheets in true to support viscera.
mammals- reduced thin sheets in abdomen flexing trunk deep under ribs

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20
Q

What are extrinsic muscles

A

shark- two thin flat sheets out onto pterygiophores adbduction or extension of fin and vice versa.
mammals- pectoral associated with scapula holding pectoral girdle in suspension especially in cat with no clavicle

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21
Q

What are the hypaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?

A

ventral longitudinal bundles in trunk caudal mid-ventral superficial arranged as myosepta
functions to lateral undulation nd support viscera

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22
Q

What are the pectoral extensors in shark? what are their function?

A

found in pectoral fun dorsal and superficial

extend or abduct fin

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23
Q

What are pectoral flexorsin sharks? and what is their function? ?

A

found in pectoral fin ventral and superficial and they flex or adduct pectoral fin

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24
Q

What are pelvic extensors in sharks? and what is their function? ?

A

found in the pelvic fin and are dorsal superficial and extend or abduct the fin

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25
Q

What are pelvic flexorsin sharks? and what is their function?

A

found in the pelvic fin and are ventral superficial and they flex or adduct pelvic fin

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26
Q

What are ventral constrictors in sharks? and what is their function?

A

found branchial are lateral, superficial and below gil slits and they funciotn to compress gills

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27
Q

What are coracoarcuals in sharks? and what is their function?

A

found in the chest and are superficial paired, and posterior to intermandibularis they function to depress mocker’s cartilage and expand oral cavity

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28
Q

What are intermandibularis in sharks? and what is their function?

A

are found in throat are sueprifical and transverse across lower jaws elevating the floor of the mouth and compressing oral cavity

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29
Q

What are interhyoideus in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the throat and is deep to intermandibularis

functions to compresses gils

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30
Q

What are coracomandibularis in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the throat and is deep to interhyoideus and anterior to coracoarcuals

functions to depress mocker’s cartilage

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31
Q

What are coracohyoideus in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the hyoid is paired and deep to coracomandibularis

functions to depress mocker’s cartilage and depress hyoid

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32
Q

What are adductor mandibular in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head and located lateral, superficial. elevating the meckel’s cartilage

functions to(closing jaws)

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33
Q

What are levator hyomandibulae in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head located in the lateral, superficial

functions to compressing gills, rotating hyomandibular cartilage forward as jaws open

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34
Q

What are levator palatoquadrati in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head located lateral, deep to fascia, anterior to spriacularis

functions to elevating palatoquadrate

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35
Q

What are spiracularis in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head with lateral, deep to fascia and just in front of spiracles

functions to elevating palatoquadrate

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36
Q

What are cucullaris in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found above the gills, lateral superficial

functions to elevating scapulocoracoid

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37
Q

What are dorsal constrictors in sharks? and what is their function?

A

is found in the branchial, lateral superficial above gils

functions to compress gills.

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38
Q

What are epaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?

A

dorsal longtidunal bundle is found in the trunk, tail

functions to lateral undulation white fibers

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39
Q

What are hypaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?

A

lateral longitudinal bundle is found in the trunk, tail below epaxial myomeres and below lateral line

functions to lateral undulation; red fibers

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40
Q

What are rectus abdomens in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the trunk and is superficial

functions to flexes trunk ventrally

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41
Q

What are external and internal obliques in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the lateral trunk

functions compresses viscera flexion/rotatoin trunk

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42
Q

What are dorsals trunk in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the dorsal trunk

functions to flex column laterally

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43
Q

What are pectoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the ventral and pectoral and is superficial

functions adducts forelimb

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44
Q

What are humeroantebrachialis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the forelimb anterior to coracobrachialis

functions flexes forearm

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45
Q

What are coracobrachialis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the forelimb posterior to humeroantebrachilis

functions adducts forelimb

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46
Q

what are supracoracoides in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the ventral or pectoral anterior to pectorals

functions adducts forelimb

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47
Q

What are triceps brachia in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the forelimb posterior lateral

functions extends forearm

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48
Q

What are procoracohumeralis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the neck ventrolateral

functions to draw humerus forward

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49
Q

What is latissimus doors in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the root of the limb dorsal to triceps

functions draws humerus back/caudal

50
Q

What are dorsals scapulae in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the root of the limb anterior to lateral dorsal

functions elevates forelimb

51
Q

What are cucullaris in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the deep anterior root of limb anterior to dorsal scapularis

functions to elevate pectoral girdle

52
Q

What are intermandibularis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the throat superficial and ventral

functions elevates floor of throat

53
Q

What are interhyoideus in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the throat ventral

functions to elevate floor of throat

54
Q

What are rectus crevices in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the ventral throat

functions retract tongue, lowers head

55
Q

What are branchyodeus in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the throat deep under interhydoieus

functions to move branchial arches and hyoid

56
Q

What are puboischiofemoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the puboischiofemolaris ventral pelvis medial

functions adducts hindlimb

57
Q

What are puboischiofemoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the ventral limb distal to PIFE

functions draws femur forward

58
Q

What is pubotibilais in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the pelvis posterior to PIFI

functions adducts hindlimb

59
Q

What are pubischiotibilias in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the pelvis posterior to pubotibialis

60
Q

What are caudocruralis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the pelvis

functions flex tail

61
Q

what are ischiocaudilis in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the pelvis

functions flexes tail

62
Q

What are depressor mandibular in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head lateral/dorsal dorsal to brachiohyoideus

functions depresses lower jaw

63
Q

What are adductor or elevator mandibular extremes in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the adductor or elevator mandibulae extremes head dorsal to depressor mandibular two branches

functions elevates lower jaw

64
Q

What are adductor or elevator mandibular anterior in nectarous? and what is their function?

A

is found in the head dorsal and medial to head

functions elevates lower jaw

65
Q

What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric 1st arch In sharks and cats?

A

adductor mandíbula, llevador palatoquadrati, spircularis, intermandibularis

masseter, temporalis, anterior digastric, myohyoid

66
Q

What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric second arch In sharks and cats?

A

levato hyomandibulae, and interhyoideus

none

67
Q

What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric 3-7th arches In sharks and cats?

A

dorsal and ventral constrictors

none

68
Q

What are the evolved muscles of hypomeres (lateral plate mesoderm) In sharks and cats?

A

cucullaris

clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, spinotrapezius, stemomastoid

69
Q

What are the evolved muscles of hypobranchial In sharks and cats?

A

coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus, coracoarcuals, and coracobranchials

geniohyoid, and stemohyoid

70
Q

What are the evolved muscles of axial: epaxial In sharks and cats?

A

dorsal longitudinal bundles, myomeres

mutifidues spine, longissimus dorsi

71
Q

What are the evolved muscles of axial: hypaxial

In sharks and cats?

A

lateral and ventral longitudinal bundles

serrates ventrally and rhomboideus, and external oblique and rectus abdomens

72
Q

What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pectoral, dorsal In sharks and cats?

A

pectoral extensors (abductors)

latissimus dorsi and heres major, acromiodeltoid and spinodeltoid

73
Q

What are the evolved muscles of appedncidular pectoral, ventral In sharks and cats?

A

pectoral flexors (adductors)

pectorals major and pectorals minor, supraspinatus and infraspintatus

74
Q

What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pelvic, dorsal In sharks and cats?

A

pectoral extensors (abductors)

gluteus maximus and medius, sartorius and vastus lateralis

75
Q

What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pelvic ventral In sharks and cats?

A

pelvic flexors (adductors)

biceps and femoris and gracilis, adductor femurs and semimembranosus

76
Q

What muscles raises the floor of the mouth/depress jaw in shark nectarous and cat?

A

intermandibularis, interhyoideus

intermandibularis, interhyoideus

mylohyloid

77
Q

What muscles elevates pectoral girdle in shark nectarous and cat?

A

cucullaris

cuculalris

sternomastoid, acromio, spin and clavotrapezius

78
Q

What muscles flexes body laterally and dorsally in shark nectarous and cat?

A

epaxial musculature

dorsalis trunci

longissimus dorsi

79
Q

What muscles flexes trunk ventrally, compresses abdominal viscera in shark nectarous and cat?

A

hypaxial musculature

rectus abdominus, external oblique

recturs abdominis, external oblique

80
Q

What muscles extend/elevates forelimb in shark nectarous and cat?

A

pectoral extensor

latissimus dorsi, dorsalis scapulae, triceps, brachii, procoracohymeralis

latissimus dorsi, acromiodeltiod, spinodeltiod, triceps brachii, clavobrachilis

81
Q

What muscles depresses (adducts) forelimb in shark nectarous and cat?

A

pectoral flexor

supracoracoideus, pectoralis, humeroantebrachilis, coracobrachialis

pectoralis, biceps, brachii, pectoantebrachilis, xiphihumeralis

82
Q

What muscles elevates lower jaw in shark nectarous and cat?

A

spriacularis, adductor mandibular

levator/adductor manfibulae (anterior and externes)

masseter, temporalis

83
Q

What muscles opens mouth in shark nectarous and cat?

A

coracoarcual, coracohyoid

depressor mandibular

digastric (depresses lower jaw)

84
Q

What muscles compresses gill/hyoid arches in shark nectarous and cat?

A

levato hyomandibulae

brachiohyoidus

platysma/facial muscles

85
Q

What muscles compress gill arches/dilate larynx in shark nectarous and cat?

A

D/V superficial constrictors

dilatator laryngis

various larynx muscles

86
Q

What muscles flexes/adducts hindlimb in shark nectarous and cat?

A

pelvic flexor

iliotibilais

sartorius

87
Q

What muscles extends/elevates hindlimb in shark nectarous and cat?

A

pelvic extensor

pubioischiotibilais

gracilis

88
Q

What muscles moves scapulae forward in shark nectarous and cat?

A

N/A

pectoriscpaularis

levator scapula

89
Q

Where are the gluteus medius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the hip anterior, partially under gluteus maximus originating in the illium inserting in the femur

functions to abduct femur

90
Q

Where are the gluteus maximus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the hip superficial and posterior. originating in sacrum and inserts into the fascia latae

functions by abducting femur

91
Q

Where are the biceps femurs muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh lateral, superficial and posterior it originates in the ischium and inserts into the tibia

functions to abduct femur and flex tibia

92
Q

Where are the vests lateralis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh lateral; deep to fascia lata it originates in the femur and inserts into the patella and tibia

functions to extend tibia

93
Q

Where are the sartorius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh curves lateral to medical, superficial anterior. originates in the ilium and inserts into the tibia

functions to adduct and rotates femur laterally, extend tibia

94
Q

Where are the gracilis medium muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh medial, superficial, and posterior originates pubis and inserts fascia on tibia

functions to adduct and flexes tibia

95
Q

Where are the adductor femoris muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh medial, deep, posterior, higher on femur originates in the pubis and inserts into the femur

functions to adduct femur

96
Q

Where are the semi-membranous muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the thigh medial, deep, posterior, lower on femur. originates ischium and inserts into the femur and tibia

functions to extend femur

97
Q

Where are the external oblique muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the abdomen lateral and superficial originating in ribs, lumbodorsal fascia and inserts into the aponeurosis

functions in compresses viscera

98
Q

Where are the rectus abdomens muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the abdomen medial, deep to aponeurosis originating in the pubis and inserts into the sternum

functions in flexes trump compressing viscera

99
Q

Where are the pectorals major muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the chest ventral, superficial, anterior. originates in sternum and inserts into humerus

functions in adduct and rotates humerus

100
Q

Where are the pectorals minor muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the chest ventral, superficial, and anterior. originating in the sternum and inserts into the humerus

functions in adduct and rotates the humerus

101
Q

Where are the multifidus spinae muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the lumbar medial, deep to fascia. originates vertical transverse processes, zygapophysis inserting into the neural spines of more anterior vert.

functions in bilaterally extend trunk. unilaterally turns and twists

102
Q

Where are the longissimus dorsi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the lateral, deep to fascia originating in the transverse processes of post vert. or ilium and inserts into transverse processes of anterior vert.

functions in bilaterally extend trunk. unilaterally turns and twists

103
Q

Where are the latissimus dorsi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder superficial most posterior originating in the nrual spine, thoracic and lumber and inserts into the medial humerus
functions in adducts, medially rotates and extends humerus

104
Q

Where are the spinotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder posterior originating in the neural spines, thoracic vert. and inserting into the scapula fascia

functions in elevating and retracting scapula

105
Q

Where are the acromiotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder superficial mid-back originating in the neural spines thoracic vertebra and inserts into the scapular spine

functions in elevating and adducting scapula

106
Q

Where are the clavotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder superficial most anterior originating in the occipitals, mid-dorsal raphe and inserts into clavicle, fascia of clavobrachialis

functions in flex humerus or elevates scapula

107
Q

Where are the triceps branchi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the forelimb medial and posterior three different heads with different originations originations at olecranon process (elbow)

functions in adduct forelimb

108
Q

Where are the spinodeltiod muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder superficial, lateral originating int eh scapular spine and inserting into humerus

functions in elevating, flexiong and laterally rotating humerus

109
Q

Where are the acromiodeltiod muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder superficial most distal originating in the acromion process and inserting into the humerus

functions in flexing and laterally rotating humerus

110
Q

Where are the rhomboideus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder deep, medial to scapula originating in neural spines thoracic vert. inserting medial/vertebral scapula border

functions in adducting scapula

111
Q

Where are the serrates ventralis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder, deep, medial to scapula originating at the 1st and 10th ribs and inserting medial/vertebral border of scapula

functions in rotating and protecting scapula, elevating ribs

112
Q

Where are the supraspinatus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder deep to trapezius originating in the supra scapular fossa and inserting into the humerus

functions in extending or protecting humerus

113
Q

Where are the infraspinatus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder deep to trapezius originating in the infra scapular fossa and inserting into the humerus

functions in rotating the humerus

114
Q

Where are the teres major muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the shoulder deep to trapezius and originates in the lower scapula border and inserting medial to humerus

functions in extending, adducting or medially rotating humerus

115
Q

Where are the anterior digastric muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head superficial jaw. originating in hyoid and inserting into the dentray

functions in depress (open_ lower jaw and elevates hyoid

116
Q

Where are the geniohyoid muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head deep, throat originates in the denture and inserts into hyoid

functions in elevating or protecting hyoid opening jaw if hyoid fixed

117
Q

Where are the masseter muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head, superficial, jaw originates in the zygomatic arch and inserting into the angular process of dentary

functions in elevating (closing0 over jaws

118
Q

Where are the temporalis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head deep to fascia, temporal regions of skull originating in lambdoidal and sagittal crest and inserting into the coronoid process of dentary

functions in elevate (close) lower jaws, and retracts denture

119
Q

Where are the anterior digastric muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head, superficial, jaw originates in hyoid and inserts into denture

functions in depressing (open) lower jaw, elevating hyoid

120
Q

Where are the geniohyoid muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head, deep throat originates in denture an inserts into hyoid

functions in elevating or protecting hyoid open jaw if hyoid fixed

121
Q

Where are the masseter muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head superficial jaw originates in zygomatic arch and inserts into the angular process of denture

functions in electing (closing lower jaws

122
Q

Where are the temporalismuscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?

A

located in the head deep to facia, temporal region of skull and originates lamboidla nd sagittal crest and inserting into the coronoid process of denture
functions in elevating (closing) lower jaws and retracting denture

Anatomy (14 decks)

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