Exam 4 Lab Flashcards
What does acromio mean?
tip
What does captious mean?
head
What does genio mean?
chin
what does deltoid mean?
triangle
What does gracilis mean?
short, slender
What does latissimus mean?
widest
What does platys mean?
flat
What does rectus mean?
straight, aprallel
What does heres mean?
long and round
What does vastus mean
great
What is a tendon?
connects muscle to bone
What are fascia?
sheets of connective tissue that attach to muscle
What are the function of long muscles?
kinetic able to produce highly visible external motion?
What are the function of short, deep muscles?
responsible for precise, small-scale adjustment
What are red muscle fibers? white?
aerobic with myoglobin storing oxygen
anaerobic larger in diameter with much more force make up most of body mass in trunk and tail in fish
What are the bracnhiomeric muscles/
controlled movement of gils in jawless fishes. meals took new functions in throat and laryngeal region
What are hyobranchial muscles?
long muscles anterior to posterior from jaws to pectoral girdle opening mouth or expanding gill chamber. reduced in mammals from pectoral girdle to larynx, hyoid and chin
What are epaxial muscles?
large with myosepta for lateral undulation. mammals reduced across vertebrae supporting and extending bag attaching to neural spines
What are hypaxial muscles?
below horizontal septum for lateral undulation less complex arrangement form thinner sheets in true to support viscera.
mammals- reduced thin sheets in abdomen flexing trunk deep under ribs
What are extrinsic muscles
shark- two thin flat sheets out onto pterygiophores adbduction or extension of fin and vice versa.
mammals- pectoral associated with scapula holding pectoral girdle in suspension especially in cat with no clavicle
What are the hypaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?
ventral longitudinal bundles in trunk caudal mid-ventral superficial arranged as myosepta
functions to lateral undulation nd support viscera
What are the pectoral extensors in shark? what are their function?
found in pectoral fun dorsal and superficial
extend or abduct fin
What are pectoral flexorsin sharks? and what is their function? ?
found in pectoral fin ventral and superficial and they flex or adduct pectoral fin
What are pelvic extensors in sharks? and what is their function? ?
found in the pelvic fin and are dorsal superficial and extend or abduct the fin
What are pelvic flexorsin sharks? and what is their function?
found in the pelvic fin and are ventral superficial and they flex or adduct pelvic fin
What are ventral constrictors in sharks? and what is their function?
found branchial are lateral, superficial and below gil slits and they funciotn to compress gills
What are coracoarcuals in sharks? and what is their function?
found in the chest and are superficial paired, and posterior to intermandibularis they function to depress mocker’s cartilage and expand oral cavity
What are intermandibularis in sharks? and what is their function?
are found in throat are sueprifical and transverse across lower jaws elevating the floor of the mouth and compressing oral cavity
What are interhyoideus in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the throat and is deep to intermandibularis
functions to compresses gils
What are coracomandibularis in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the throat and is deep to interhyoideus and anterior to coracoarcuals
functions to depress mocker’s cartilage
What are coracohyoideus in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the hyoid is paired and deep to coracomandibularis
functions to depress mocker’s cartilage and depress hyoid
What are adductor mandibular in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the head and located lateral, superficial. elevating the meckel’s cartilage
functions to(closing jaws)
What are levator hyomandibulae in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the head located in the lateral, superficial
functions to compressing gills, rotating hyomandibular cartilage forward as jaws open
What are levator palatoquadrati in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the head located lateral, deep to fascia, anterior to spriacularis
functions to elevating palatoquadrate
What are spiracularis in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the head with lateral, deep to fascia and just in front of spiracles
functions to elevating palatoquadrate
What are cucullaris in sharks? and what is their function?
is found above the gills, lateral superficial
functions to elevating scapulocoracoid
What are dorsal constrictors in sharks? and what is their function?
is found in the branchial, lateral superficial above gils
functions to compress gills.
What are epaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?
dorsal longtidunal bundle is found in the trunk, tail
functions to lateral undulation white fibers
What are hypaxial myomeres in sharks? and what is their function?
lateral longitudinal bundle is found in the trunk, tail below epaxial myomeres and below lateral line
functions to lateral undulation; red fibers
What are rectus abdomens in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the trunk and is superficial
functions to flexes trunk ventrally
What are external and internal obliques in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the lateral trunk
functions compresses viscera flexion/rotatoin trunk
What are dorsals trunk in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the dorsal trunk
functions to flex column laterally
What are pectoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the ventral and pectoral and is superficial
functions adducts forelimb
What are humeroantebrachialis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the forelimb anterior to coracobrachialis
functions flexes forearm
What are coracobrachialis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the forelimb posterior to humeroantebrachilis
functions adducts forelimb
what are supracoracoides in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the ventral or pectoral anterior to pectorals
functions adducts forelimb
What are triceps brachia in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the forelimb posterior lateral
functions extends forearm
What are procoracohumeralis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the neck ventrolateral
functions to draw humerus forward
What is latissimus doors in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the root of the limb dorsal to triceps
functions draws humerus back/caudal
What are dorsals scapulae in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the root of the limb anterior to lateral dorsal
functions elevates forelimb
What are cucullaris in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the deep anterior root of limb anterior to dorsal scapularis
functions to elevate pectoral girdle
What are intermandibularis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the throat superficial and ventral
functions elevates floor of throat
What are interhyoideus in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the throat ventral
functions to elevate floor of throat
What are rectus crevices in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the ventral throat
functions retract tongue, lowers head
What are branchyodeus in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the throat deep under interhydoieus
functions to move branchial arches and hyoid
What are puboischiofemoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the puboischiofemolaris ventral pelvis medial
functions adducts hindlimb
What are puboischiofemoralis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the ventral limb distal to PIFE
functions draws femur forward
What is pubotibilais in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the pelvis posterior to PIFI
functions adducts hindlimb
What are pubischiotibilias in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the pelvis posterior to pubotibialis
What are caudocruralis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the pelvis
functions flex tail
what are ischiocaudilis in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the pelvis
functions flexes tail
What are depressor mandibular in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the head lateral/dorsal dorsal to brachiohyoideus
functions depresses lower jaw
What are adductor or elevator mandibular extremes in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the adductor or elevator mandibulae extremes head dorsal to depressor mandibular two branches
functions elevates lower jaw
What are adductor or elevator mandibular anterior in nectarous? and what is their function?
is found in the head dorsal and medial to head
functions elevates lower jaw
What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric 1st arch In sharks and cats?
adductor mandíbula, llevador palatoquadrati, spircularis, intermandibularis
masseter, temporalis, anterior digastric, myohyoid
What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric second arch In sharks and cats?
levato hyomandibulae, and interhyoideus
none
What are the evolved muscles of branchiomeric 3-7th arches In sharks and cats?
dorsal and ventral constrictors
none
What are the evolved muscles of hypomeres (lateral plate mesoderm) In sharks and cats?
cucullaris
clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, spinotrapezius, stemomastoid
What are the evolved muscles of hypobranchial In sharks and cats?
coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus, coracoarcuals, and coracobranchials
geniohyoid, and stemohyoid
What are the evolved muscles of axial: epaxial In sharks and cats?
dorsal longitudinal bundles, myomeres
mutifidues spine, longissimus dorsi
What are the evolved muscles of axial: hypaxial
In sharks and cats?
lateral and ventral longitudinal bundles
serrates ventrally and rhomboideus, and external oblique and rectus abdomens
What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pectoral, dorsal In sharks and cats?
pectoral extensors (abductors)
latissimus dorsi and heres major, acromiodeltoid and spinodeltoid
What are the evolved muscles of appedncidular pectoral, ventral In sharks and cats?
pectoral flexors (adductors)
pectorals major and pectorals minor, supraspinatus and infraspintatus
What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pelvic, dorsal In sharks and cats?
pectoral extensors (abductors)
gluteus maximus and medius, sartorius and vastus lateralis
What are the evolved muscles of appendicular pelvic ventral In sharks and cats?
pelvic flexors (adductors)
biceps and femoris and gracilis, adductor femurs and semimembranosus
What muscles raises the floor of the mouth/depress jaw in shark nectarous and cat?
intermandibularis, interhyoideus
intermandibularis, interhyoideus
mylohyloid
What muscles elevates pectoral girdle in shark nectarous and cat?
cucullaris
cuculalris
sternomastoid, acromio, spin and clavotrapezius
What muscles flexes body laterally and dorsally in shark nectarous and cat?
epaxial musculature
dorsalis trunci
longissimus dorsi
What muscles flexes trunk ventrally, compresses abdominal viscera in shark nectarous and cat?
hypaxial musculature
rectus abdominus, external oblique
recturs abdominis, external oblique
What muscles extend/elevates forelimb in shark nectarous and cat?
pectoral extensor
latissimus dorsi, dorsalis scapulae, triceps, brachii, procoracohymeralis
latissimus dorsi, acromiodeltiod, spinodeltiod, triceps brachii, clavobrachilis
What muscles depresses (adducts) forelimb in shark nectarous and cat?
pectoral flexor
supracoracoideus, pectoralis, humeroantebrachilis, coracobrachialis
pectoralis, biceps, brachii, pectoantebrachilis, xiphihumeralis
What muscles elevates lower jaw in shark nectarous and cat?
spriacularis, adductor mandibular
levator/adductor manfibulae (anterior and externes)
masseter, temporalis
What muscles opens mouth in shark nectarous and cat?
coracoarcual, coracohyoid
depressor mandibular
digastric (depresses lower jaw)
What muscles compresses gill/hyoid arches in shark nectarous and cat?
levato hyomandibulae
brachiohyoidus
platysma/facial muscles
What muscles compress gill arches/dilate larynx in shark nectarous and cat?
D/V superficial constrictors
dilatator laryngis
various larynx muscles
What muscles flexes/adducts hindlimb in shark nectarous and cat?
pelvic flexor
iliotibilais
sartorius
What muscles extends/elevates hindlimb in shark nectarous and cat?
pelvic extensor
pubioischiotibilais
gracilis
What muscles moves scapulae forward in shark nectarous and cat?
N/A
pectoriscpaularis
levator scapula
Where are the gluteus medius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the hip anterior, partially under gluteus maximus originating in the illium inserting in the femur
functions to abduct femur
Where are the gluteus maximus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the hip superficial and posterior. originating in sacrum and inserts into the fascia latae
functions by abducting femur
Where are the biceps femurs muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh lateral, superficial and posterior it originates in the ischium and inserts into the tibia
functions to abduct femur and flex tibia
Where are the vests lateralis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh lateral; deep to fascia lata it originates in the femur and inserts into the patella and tibia
functions to extend tibia
Where are the sartorius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh curves lateral to medical, superficial anterior. originates in the ilium and inserts into the tibia
functions to adduct and rotates femur laterally, extend tibia
Where are the gracilis medium muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh medial, superficial, and posterior originates pubis and inserts fascia on tibia
functions to adduct and flexes tibia
Where are the adductor femoris muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh medial, deep, posterior, higher on femur originates in the pubis and inserts into the femur
functions to adduct femur
Where are the semi-membranous muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the thigh medial, deep, posterior, lower on femur. originates ischium and inserts into the femur and tibia
functions to extend femur
Where are the external oblique muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the abdomen lateral and superficial originating in ribs, lumbodorsal fascia and inserts into the aponeurosis
functions in compresses viscera
Where are the rectus abdomens muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the abdomen medial, deep to aponeurosis originating in the pubis and inserts into the sternum
functions in flexes trump compressing viscera
Where are the pectorals major muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the chest ventral, superficial, anterior. originates in sternum and inserts into humerus
functions in adduct and rotates humerus
Where are the pectorals minor muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the chest ventral, superficial, and anterior. originating in the sternum and inserts into the humerus
functions in adduct and rotates the humerus
Where are the multifidus spinae muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the lumbar medial, deep to fascia. originates vertical transverse processes, zygapophysis inserting into the neural spines of more anterior vert.
functions in bilaterally extend trunk. unilaterally turns and twists
Where are the longissimus dorsi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the lateral, deep to fascia originating in the transverse processes of post vert. or ilium and inserts into transverse processes of anterior vert.
functions in bilaterally extend trunk. unilaterally turns and twists
Where are the latissimus dorsi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder superficial most posterior originating in the nrual spine, thoracic and lumber and inserts into the medial humerus
functions in adducts, medially rotates and extends humerus
Where are the spinotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder posterior originating in the neural spines, thoracic vert. and inserting into the scapula fascia
functions in elevating and retracting scapula
Where are the acromiotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder superficial mid-back originating in the neural spines thoracic vertebra and inserts into the scapular spine
functions in elevating and adducting scapula
Where are the clavotrapezius muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder superficial most anterior originating in the occipitals, mid-dorsal raphe and inserts into clavicle, fascia of clavobrachialis
functions in flex humerus or elevates scapula
Where are the triceps branchi muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the forelimb medial and posterior three different heads with different originations originations at olecranon process (elbow)
functions in adduct forelimb
Where are the spinodeltiod muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder superficial, lateral originating int eh scapular spine and inserting into humerus
functions in elevating, flexiong and laterally rotating humerus
Where are the acromiodeltiod muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder superficial most distal originating in the acromion process and inserting into the humerus
functions in flexing and laterally rotating humerus
Where are the rhomboideus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder deep, medial to scapula originating in neural spines thoracic vert. inserting medial/vertebral scapula border
functions in adducting scapula
Where are the serrates ventralis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder, deep, medial to scapula originating at the 1st and 10th ribs and inserting medial/vertebral border of scapula
functions in rotating and protecting scapula, elevating ribs
Where are the supraspinatus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder deep to trapezius originating in the supra scapular fossa and inserting into the humerus
functions in extending or protecting humerus
Where are the infraspinatus muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder deep to trapezius originating in the infra scapular fossa and inserting into the humerus
functions in rotating the humerus
Where are the teres major muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the shoulder deep to trapezius and originates in the lower scapula border and inserting medial to humerus
functions in extending, adducting or medially rotating humerus
Where are the anterior digastric muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head superficial jaw. originating in hyoid and inserting into the dentray
functions in depress (open_ lower jaw and elevates hyoid
Where are the geniohyoid muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head deep, throat originates in the denture and inserts into hyoid
functions in elevating or protecting hyoid opening jaw if hyoid fixed
Where are the masseter muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head, superficial, jaw originates in the zygomatic arch and inserting into the angular process of dentary
functions in elevating (closing0 over jaws
Where are the temporalis muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head deep to fascia, temporal regions of skull originating in lambdoidal and sagittal crest and inserting into the coronoid process of dentary
functions in elevate (close) lower jaws, and retracts denture
Where are the anterior digastric muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head, superficial, jaw originates in hyoid and inserts into denture
functions in depressing (open) lower jaw, elevating hyoid
Where are the geniohyoid muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head, deep throat originates in denture an inserts into hyoid
functions in elevating or protecting hyoid open jaw if hyoid fixed
Where are the masseter muscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head superficial jaw originates in zygomatic arch and inserts into the angular process of denture
functions in electing (closing lower jaws
Where are the temporalismuscles in cats? where is their origin and insertion? What do they do?
located in the head deep to facia, temporal region of skull and originates lamboidla nd sagittal crest and inserting into the coronoid process of denture
functions in elevating (closing) lower jaws and retracting denture
