Exam 3 Lab Flashcards
Where does the exoccipital derive from and where is it located?
neurocranium and is found in the posterior of the skull directly below the squamosal bone and the supra occipital
Where does the basioocciptal derive from and where is it located?
neurocranium
it is in the center below the exooccipital and the foramen magnum and the condyle is a part of this bone
Where does the supra occipital derive from and where is it located?
neurocranium
and is located in the topmost centermost bone between the squamosal bones
Where does the pre maxilla derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
the forward most point of the jaw found in the dorsal and ventral view
thisbone is fused with the maxilla in the human and is found only placed near the incisors
Where does maxilla derive from and where is it located?
dermatocranium
and is the bone located laterally and dorsal to the pre maxilla and is separated by the nasal bone
Where does the squamosal derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
the squamosal is the top most bone found in the very back of the skull and the parietal bone is in the middle of it
Where does the jugal derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
and is located in the cheek bone area behind the maxilla and is found right behind the eye and can be found only on the top view of the dorsal view
Where does the palatine derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
the palatine can be found on the ventral view of the top jaw and is located in the center between the eyes behind the maxilla for humans its the palate of the mouth and is found very far forward
Where does the pterygoid derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
found behind the palatine and surrounds the nares on the upside down view of the top jaw it is found lowest and holds the top half of the jaw up when placed down
Where does the quadrate derive form and where is it locate?
splanocranium
the quadrate are the wing like bones in the back of the head that stick out wide behind the pterygoid
becomes the incus in human ears
Where does the articular derive form and where is it locate?
splanocranium
is the bone in the bottom jaw that connects to top jaw at the farthest back point of the jaw becoming the malleus in human ears
Where does the columella derive form and where is it locate?
splanocranium
bone in the ear that create the malleus incus and stapes
Where is the foramen magnum locate?
the whole in the center most back of the head where the spinal cord goes into
Where is the occipital condyle locate?
the bone right below the occipital condyle that connects the skull to the vertebrae
Where is the secondary bony palate locate?
UK
Where does the occipital derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
neurocranium located in the very bottom and back of the brain
Where does the turbinates derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
neurocranium located inside the centermost of the nose around the septum
Where does the ethmoid plate derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
neurocranium located on the outside endless in the inside of the nose
Where does the zygomatic arch derive form and where is it locate?
dermatocranium
humans only
total cheek bone in humans with the zygomatic bone found in the front half
Where is the tympanic bulla locate?
humans only. small and called petrous region
Where does the angular process derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
in similar position to angular bone not a homolog located at the sticky out most point of jaw
Where does the coronoid process derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
triangular projection further up on jaw before hinge that connects the jaw
Where does the condyloid process derive form and where is it locate?
humans only
is the bone at the back of the jaw that connects to the skull behind ear
Name the layers of skin in humans?
stratum compactum (swirly light colored swishy stuff), stratum granulosum (dark layer between compact and spinosum ), stratum sspinosum (that has wider cells has little less dark than granulosum with wider areas between cells) , stratum basulus (bottom most and darkest color cells very compact). dermal papillae are below it sticking up in and below that white adipose tissue and darker melanocytes
Describe the structure of a nail?
nail is top, matrix cells are cuticles at base, , subungis is underneath nail
Describe the structure of lamprey skin?
Epidermis: epidermal cells that are very small at the top, granular cells below them and larger and club cells very elongated with basal layers of granular cells at bottom.
Dermis: has cutaneous pigment, and nerve fiber through then below it is the subcutaneous tissue and muscle
What is the structure of fish skin?
the scales have enamel covering below that is the dentin, and the pulp cavity underneath derived from epidermis and dermis. have glands such as mucous glands (small and close to surface and the alarm or club gland is bigger and below that.
elasmoid scales are below this layer, and then below that there is the dermis consisting of dense connective tissue, and skeletal muscles with dark clogged spots chromatophores and singular rbs
What is the structure of amphibian skin?
top epidermis top layer is dark stratum corner and below that larger cells is stratum granulosum, chromatophores are found in dermis as dark spots as well as many glands such as large glands with dots as granular glands and smaller ones are mucus glands (both open to surface) below that is the blood vessel stratum ilium and the compact cells are the stratum compact
Label parts of feather? t
tip of feather connecting to animal is calamus, rachis is the center shaft of the feather, vane is the long region of feather and barbs and barrels are on each fluff of feather
What is the function of primary feathers?
stiff very asymmetrical providing power and lift
What is the function of secondary feathers?
asymmetric wider and stiffer for control and stabiliyu
What is the function of contour?
aerodynamic
What are the three bones of the chips and where are they located?
allium is the wide wing, pubis is in the fromt ischium in the back
tibia and fibula?
tibia big bone, fibula smaller
Where are stratum corneum?
Only tetrapods
Where is the stratum basal is in the animal kingdom?
All vertebrae
What is the stratum compactum?
Dense connective tissue have more collagen fibers and form touch durable thick layers
What is S. Spongiosum?
Loose connective tissues are usually more vascularized with fewer fibers
What do the dermal papillae form?
Upper layer of dermis forming finger like projections are highly vascular with loose connective tissues and induce formation of epidermal features
What is acoelous?
Flag on both side of vertebrae found n mammals
What is amphicoeloys?
Vertebrae is Concave on both sides in sharks sd rays and ray-finned fishes
What is procolous?
Anterior end concave in reptiles and frogs
What is heterocoelous?
Saddle like articulating ends in some birds
what is special about the scapula and coracoid and ileum and pubis?
it is an endocohonral bone
What is special about the clavicle?
dermal bone
What is pterygiophore
support rays in fish
What is ciracioid?
bone right behind clavicle
What is special about frogs?
has suprascalpula, long ileum and urostyle fused radiotulna and tibiofibula
Where are the postzygapophyses and prezygapophyses on vertebrates?
postzygapophyses is on top and points down pre is on bottom
Where are the zygosphen and zygantum and what animal are they one?
found in snakes zygoshpene protrudes out on the prezygapophyses. zygantum sticks in on the postzygpophyses
Where are hemal canals and spines found?
caudal vertebrae
What is special about alligators?
they have gastrula which are thin membranous ribs in the ventral abdominal region connected to sternum (thin and cartilaginous) and pubis. crurotarsal ankle joint curve around bones
What is special about birds?
synsacrum vertebrae before caudal after thoracic, tail ends in pygostyle. ucinate process in ribs the y of the y shaped ribs, large keel for flight attachment, clavicles fused to form furcula- wishbone, coracoid is bone connecting to keel, carptometacarpuhs (fusion of carpals and meta corbels), tibiotarsaus (fuses tibia and tarsals), tarsometatarsus *fused tarsals and metatarsal)mesotarsal ankle joint like dinosaur flat across joint
What is special about humans?
front notch on shoulder in humans
What is the coracoid process and acromion process?
acromion connects to the clavicle and acromion is the point sticking out on front of shoulder
What is plantigradeE?
primitive. what on tarsals, metatarsal, and phalanges found in human, opossum and bear
What is a digitigrade?
small boys walk on all 3 phalanges found in a cat or dog
What is unguligrade?
large bodies walk on 1 or 2 terminal phalange
What are the structures of the bone?
epiphysis, metaphysics, diaphysis with medullary cavity in diaphysis and compact bone on outside and spongy bone in epiphysis
