Exam 5 Flashcards
Triangle Theory of Love:
Composed of Intimacy (emotional), commitment (Cognitive) and passion (motivational) components espoused by Robert Sternberg. He listed 8 subtypes of Love
Eight Subtypes of the Triangle Theory of Love: Y is Yes, N is No, I is Intimacy, C is commitment, and P is Passion (sexual)
Y is Yes, N is No, I is Intimacy, C is commitment, and P is Passion (sexual)
Nonlove: NI, NC, NP
Liking (friendships): YI, NC, NP
Infatuation: NI, NC, YP
Empty: NI, YC, NP
Fatuous (silly and pointless) (passion relationships): NI, YC, YP
Compassionate (nonsexual intimacy): YI, YC, NP
Romantic: YI, NC, YP
Consummate (Total Love): YI, YC, YP
Explain why social facilitation is a type of motivated behavior for the better.
presence of others triggers the dominance response which encourages us to try harder to assert our dominance.
This can be good or bad. We tend to dominate for tasks we find easy but if we try this when we are not competent with something, we may embarrass ourselves
Altruistic Behavior:
Helping people and expecting nothing in return
Reciprocal Altruism:
Helping people expecting they will help you in the future with something similar like moving
Perceived Self-Interest:
Helping someone with an expectation of payment
Bystander Effect:
Being in a large group of people when someone is in trouble and no one does anything because everyone is expecting someone else to do something
Explain why forgiveness is a type of motivated behavior for the better.
Learning to let go of a grudge is healthier psychologically. It allows people to let go, makes them less depressed and allows them the means to get out of a victim mentality. If forgiveness is not possible because the crime is so egregious then understanding helps
How to motivate compliance. Techniques based on Robert Cialdini’s book
- Reciprocation: We are more likely to comply to a request if they helped us before. Two techniques use this. The “That’s not all” technique which is stacking free shit onto a bargain. There is also the “door in the face” technique. You start with a big offer that will certainly get rejected in order to get a secondary seemingly less expensive offer which was the goal all along.
- Commitment and Consistency: We keep to our initial behavior and because we did we are likely to comply to new requests. In the lowball technique the deal is agreed to but the terms are changed after the agreement is made, typically the deal is still agreed to even though the deal is less favorable. In the foot in the door technique, the person agrees to a small price but because they already agreed upon the price they are more likely to agree on a larger one
- Social Proof: We will comply if we see others particularly those who share our identity traits acting the same way
- Friendship/Liking: Using friendship techniques such as flattery, and being likable to get what we want
- Authority: Simple, being skilled or authoritive on the matter is a factor of influence
- Scarce: Present an illusion of scarcity such as “when supplies last” or “deadlines”
Explain why conformity is a type of motivated behavior for the better.
We are motivated to conform to groups for we do not like to be alone. We engage in normative social influence which is motivation to conform and informative social influence which is taking cues from the group for conforming tips.
Remember the Asch experiments. People conformed to what the group said about line lengths even though it was clearly incorrect.
Explain why smoking is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
Using it as a form of stress relief beings the nicotine addiction which kills a shitload of people every year. Quitting smoking can get rid of the risk of heart attacks by 2-5 years and 10 years later the chance of lung cancer drops by half
Propose a way to understand what abnormal behavior is using features stated in the DSM-5.
You know this. The 4 D’s. Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress and Dangerousness
Explain why jealousy is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
Jealousy can be enacted on perceived threats. Meaning a person can act jealous and even aggressive towards their partner when no infidelity has occurred. Women typically fear the lack of financial security while men fear raising children not of their own
Explain why social loafing is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
People typically loaf when they work in groups and other people pick up the slack. Boy do I know this well in my previous groups
Explain how prejudice and discrimination can lead to motivated behavior for the worst.
Essentially Social Identity theory. Out group/in-group, out-group homogeneity. The only new bit was an implicit attitude which is basically unconscious bigotry. Woke shit
Explain why stigmatization of mental disorders is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
Public Stigma, Label Avoidance (avoid being called crazy) and self stigma (internalization of negative stereotypes). Courtesy stigma (being around someone who has the mental illness stigma
Explain why mob behavior is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
People experience deindividuation or a lack of responsibility when doing what other people are doing. The other is the snowball effect or when a dominant personality inspires other people to do things
Explain why obedience is a type of motivated behavior for the worst.
Remember Milgrams experiments. People shocked to lethal levels because they were told to
Define Values
A belief of a code of conduct that transcends situations the guides people through actions depending on their importance. They are often judged on the axiom of openness to change and conservation/Self-Enhancement to self-transcendence
Types of Values:
- Power
- achievement
- hedonism (self-indulgence)
- stimulation
- self-direction
- Universalism
- Benevolence
- conformity
- tradition
- security
Outline methods to measure values.
Schwartz value survey is a seven point survey that measures respondents importance to words like pleasure and equality
The Portrait Values Questionnaire has respondents look at portraits of people with escritions and ask how much they are like themselves. The range over three points to six with three being closer to power, hedonism and stimulation and six to universalism
The cross-culture Variation sees which values hold up across cultures. Such as Benevolence and self-respect
Values in regards to ethnocentrism, age and income
Ethnocentrism or cultural adherence may impact values such as universalism.
Age: When a person is older people focus more on welfare of others where younger people vale self-achievement
High income countries put more emphasis on self-direction
Show how values relate to personality.
For the Big Five, those high in openness emphasize autonomy, intelligence, and diversity while not being compatible with conformity.
Agreeableness is correlated with conformity while low in this means thirst for power
Conscientiousness was positively correlated with conformity
Neuroticism correlated highly with anxiety depression and anger
How Values Predict Everyday Behavior
Those high in need for conformity yield to group pressure more often than those who value individualism. Traditionalism also have less pull in these groups
How Values Predict Cooperation
the personality trait benevolence correlated the most with cooperation and the personality trait power correlated with cooperation the least.
Benevolence most, power least
What values are correlated with religiosity
- Positively correlated with tradition, conformity, benevolence, security and submission
- Negatively correlated with power, universalism, stimulation and self-direction
What Values are correlated with Out-group dynamics
- Minority group are more likely to view differences with dominant group
- Dominant groups view group membership as less salient and view members of minority groups more on individual terms
Values and Voting: Liberals typically are more self-direction based and put less in tradition. Conservatives the opposite
Thermoregulation:
Maintaining core temperature
intracellular thirst:
Thirst you experience from eating a salty meal. Cells are shrinking from the excess salt. Water is lost inside the cell
Extracellular thirst:
Water is lost from outside the cell such as from sweating or vomiting.
CDC sex statistics:
40% of students said they had sex
10% have had more than one sex partner
46% did not use a condom
14% did not use any method to prevent pregnancy.
HIV is really prevalent in younger crowds
Sexual Response Pattern:
a distinct pattern of physiological arousal for men and women, before, during, and after sexual activity. Its Phases are:
Phase 1: Sexual excitement. Getting turned on
Phase 2: Plateau: The calm before the orgasm
Phase 3: Orgasm
Phase 4: Resolution: Body returns to normal. Men have a refractory period where they cannot achieve orgasm again
Transduction:
The chemical process of receptor cells conducing chemical sensory information to neural information
Repetition blindness:
when we experience a reduction in the ability to perceive repeated stimuli if flashed rapidly before our eyes. Say for example a series of numbers are flashed in rapid succession and during this string the number 3 is flashed four times in a row. You may recall only seeing 3 one time, not four.
Change Blindness:
occurs when two pictures are flashed before our eyes in rapid succession. If the second picture differs slightly from the first, you will not see the difference as well as you could if presented side-by-side.
Functional fixedness:
When we think of objects in terms of their basic functions and do not creatively think about different applications
Sex differences in Values
Sex differences tended to be as expected across cultures.
Men Value: Power, hedonism, Achievement, self enhancement
Women Value: Benevolence, Universalism, Self-Transcendence
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Figure-ground
States that figure stands out from the rest of the environment such that if you are looking at a field and see a horse run across, the horse would be the figure and the field would be ground.
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Proximity
States that objects that are close together will be perceived together.
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Similarity
States that objects that have the same size, shape, or color will be perceived as part of a pattern
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Closure
This is our tendency to complete an incomplete object.
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Good continuation
States that items which appear to continue a pattern will be seen as part of a pattern
Gestalt Psychology Principles: Pragnanz
Also called the law of good figure or simplicity, this is when we see an object as simple as possible.
