Chapter 7, Personality Flashcards
Define personality.
A person’s unique thoughts feelings and behaviors across situations
Define personality traits.
Specific traits within a personality that manifest in various situations
Contrast personality and temperament
Our emotional and behavioral tendencies that manifest upon birth like are you generally non-confrontational or hot-headed
9 characteristics of temperament (Dam Prarie)
(DAM)distractibility, activity level, mood quality,
(PRA) persistence, rhythmicity, approach/withdrawal,
(RIE) responsiveness, intensity of reaction and ability to adapt to new experiences
Types of children
Easy children deal with new events positively, difficult children don’t, they cry a bunch and are slow to warm children are cautious and eventually catch on
Describe characteristics of personality.
Universal to all yet infinitely diverse, it is stable across time. About 40-60% is genetic and the rest is environmental
Describe how personality is assessed.
A psychology assessment from a clinical psychologist using personality inventories such as MMPI or the Big 5. There are also projective tests which are like the Rorschach test and the thematic apperception test
Describe personality and how it develops according to Freud.
-Conscious (seat of awareness), Preconscious (sensations thoughts, memories and feelings), Unconscious which is everything we surpress
-Id (baser instincts like sex and aggression. Unconscious, operates on pleasure principle), ego (moderator between id and super ego. Operates on the reality principle) and superego (societies grander moralities).
-Libido (drive), Eros or life instincts (hunger, thirst, self defense and sex) and Thanatos or death instincts (suicide, masochism, aggression or hatred)
Life Stages of Freud
Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage and Genital Stage. Its pretty self explanatory its where the fixation is.
Freud’s ego defenses DRIPS
Denial, Displacement, Reaction formation, rationalization, repression, regression, Intellectualization, identification, Projection, Sublimation
Describe personality and how it develops according to Erikson.
Erickson’s life stages: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Mnemonic (My Sexy Girl In Red is Sucking Dick)
Trust vs. Mistrust
Lasting from birth to 18 months of age, the child develops a sense of trust or mistrust, based on how well their needs are met by their parents. If met, they develop a sense of hope, but if not, they come to see the world as harsh and unfriendly and may have difficulties forming close bonds with others later.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Lasting from 18-36 months, the child develops independence and autonomy if parents encourage exploration and freedom. If children are restricted and overly protected, they will feel shame, self-doubt, and unhappiness.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Lasting from 3-6 years of age, children’s views of themselves change as they face conflicts between their desire to act independent of their parents and do things on their own, and the guilt that comes from failure when they do not succeed. They see themselves as persons in their own right and make decisions on their own.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Lasting from 6-12 years of age, the stage is characterized by a focus on efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, etc. Success at this stage brings about feelings of mastery and proficiency and fosters a sense of competence. Failure, on the other hand, leads to feelings of failure and inadequacy and kids may withdraw from both academic pursuits and interactions with peers.
