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Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II > Exam 4A > Flashcards

Exam 4A Flashcards

Posterior Compartment

1
Q

muscles of posterior compartment of thigh

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

innervation: sciatic excepts SH biceps femoris (common fibular)

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2
Q

biceps femoris origin

A

LH: ischial tuberosity
SH: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

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3
Q

biceps femoris insertion

A

head of fibula

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4
Q

biceps femoris innervation

A

LH: tibial of sciatic
SH: common fibular of sciatic

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5
Q

biceps femoris action

A

flexion/lateral rotation of leg at knee

extension of thigh at hip (LH only)

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6
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

semitendinosus insertion

A

medial shaft of tibia

pes anserinus

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8
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial of sciatic

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9
Q

semitendinosus action

A

flexion/medial rotation of leg at knee

extension of thigh at hip

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10
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

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11
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

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12
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

A

tendon gives rise to fibers that pass superior and laterally to reinforce posterior aspect of capsule of knee joint (from semimembranosus)

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13
Q

posterior compartment of thigh blood supply

A

no major artery

perforating branches of profunda femoris artery

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14
Q

perforating arteries anastomose with each other

A

1st perforating artery takes part in cruciate anastomosis (with inferior gluteal and medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries)

4th perforating artery anastomoses with branches of popliteal artery that supply distal parts of hamstring muscles

in this way, a line of anastomoses is established from gluteal region to popliteal fossa

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15
Q

sciatic nerve

A

leaves gluteal region, passes deep to LH of biceps femoris

depends along midline of posterior thigh, overlapped posteriorly by adjacent margins of biceps femoris and semimembranosus

anterior to adductor magnus

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16
Q

sciatic nerve divisions

A

tibial
common fibular
muscular

17
Q

muscular divisions of sciatic nerve

A

long head of biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
hamstring part of adductor magnus (from tibial division)
short head of biceps femoris (from common fibular division)

18
Q

popliteal fossa

A

diamond shaped space posterior to knee joint

19
Q

popliteal fossa boundaries

A

superolateral: biceps femoris
superomedial: semitendinosus, semimembranosus
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius, planters
inferomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius

20
Q

popliteal fossa anterior (floor)

A

popliteal surface of femur, articular capsule of posterior aspect of knee joint, popliteus muscle

21
Q

popliteal fossa posterior (roof)

A

deep fascia over popliteal fossa, continuous superiorly with fascia late and inferiorly with crural fascia

22
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery and vein
terminal part of small saphenous vein
tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves and their branches
terminal part of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
genicular branch of obturator nerve (terminal part of its posterior branch)
popliteal lymph nodes
adipose tissue

23
Q

popliteal artery

A

begins at adductor hiatus as a continuation of femoral artery; terminates at inferior border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

most deeply located structure in popliteal fossa, lies in contact with fossa’s floor (vulnerable to supracondylar fractures of femur)

in midline of popliteal fossa, popliteal vein lies posterior to popliteal artery and tibial nerve lies posterior to popliteal vein

24
Q

popliteal artery muscular branches

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
distal parts of hamstring muscles

25
Q

popliteal artery genicular branches

A

supply knee joint and participate in arterial anastomosis around it: 2 superior (medial and lateral), 2 inferior (medial and lateral) and 1 middle

26
Q

superior medial and lateral genicular arteries

A

curve around distal femur, superior to femoral condyles, to reach anterior aspect of knee joint

27
Q

inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries

A

curve around proximal tibia to reach anterior aspect of knee joint

28
Q

middle genicular artery

A

unpaired branch; arises from anterior aspect of popliteal artier opposite back of knee joint

pierces oblique popliteal ligament and supplies cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane inside joint

29
Q

popliteal vein

A

formed by union of anterior and posterior tibial veins at inferior border of popliteus muscle

terminates at adductor hiatus, becomes femoral vein

ascends through popliteal fossa posterior to popliteal artery and anterior to tibial nerve

30
Q

popliteal vein tributaries

A

correspond to branches of popliteal artery

small saphenous vein

31
Q

popliteal lymph nodes

A

embedded in connective tissue and fat of popliteal fossa

receive superficial lymph vessels from lateral part of foot and leg (accompany small saphenous vein)

receive deep lymph vessels accompanying anterior and posterior tibial vessels (drain all deep structures of foot and leg)

efferent vessels from popliteal lymph nodes accompany popliteal and femoral vessels and terminate in deep inguinal lymph nodes

32
Q

tibial nerve

A

originates in lower ⅓ of thigh from sciatic nerve, descends almost vertically through popliteal fossa, posterior to popliteal artery and vein

leaves popliteal fossa and enters posterior compartment of leg by passing deep (anterior) to tendinous arch of soleus muscle

33
Q

tibial nerve branches

A

muscular
articular
sural

34
Q

tibial nerve muscular branches

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus

35
Q

sural nerve

A

descends between 2 heads of gastrocnemius and pierces crural fascia (deep fascia of leg) in upper to mid-parts of posterior leg, joined by sural communicating branch (from lateral sural cutaneous nerve) at a variable level (some authors call the nerve “medial sural cutaneous” as it originates from tibial nerve and “sural” after it joins communicating branch)

sural nerve accompanies small saphenous vein, passes posterior and then inferior to lateral malleolus, continues along lateral border of foot and little toe as lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve

sural nerve supplies skin over inferolateral part of posterior aspect of leg and along lateral borders of foot and little toe

36
Q

common fibular nerve

A

originates in lower ⅓ of thigh from sciatic nerve
runs inferiorly and laterally in popliteal fossa, following medial border of biceps femoris

leaves popliteal fossa by passing superficial to plantaris and lateral head of gastrocnemius

passes posterior to head of fibula and then lateral to neck of fibula, deep to uppermost fibers of fibularis longus muscle (common injury site), where it divides into 2 terminal branches: superficial and deep fibular (peroneal) nerves

37
Q

lateral rural cutaneous nerve

common fibular branch

A

gives off rural communicating branch that joins sural nerve

38
Q

recurrent articular branch

common fibular branch

A

supplies proximal tibiofibular joint and knee joint

Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II (20 decks)

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