Exam 4A Flashcards
Posterior Compartment
muscles of posterior compartment of thigh
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
innervation: sciatic excepts SH biceps femoris (common fibular)
biceps femoris origin
LH: ischial tuberosity
SH: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
biceps femoris insertion
head of fibula
biceps femoris innervation
LH: tibial of sciatic
SH: common fibular of sciatic
biceps femoris action
flexion/lateral rotation of leg at knee
extension of thigh at hip (LH only)
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semitendinosus insertion
medial shaft of tibia
pes anserinus
semitendinosus innervation
tibial of sciatic
semitendinosus action
flexion/medial rotation of leg at knee
extension of thigh at hip
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus insertion
posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
oblique popliteal ligament
tendon gives rise to fibers that pass superior and laterally to reinforce posterior aspect of capsule of knee joint (from semimembranosus)
posterior compartment of thigh blood supply
no major artery
perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
perforating arteries anastomose with each other
1st perforating artery takes part in cruciate anastomosis (with inferior gluteal and medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries)
4th perforating artery anastomoses with branches of popliteal artery that supply distal parts of hamstring muscles
in this way, a line of anastomoses is established from gluteal region to popliteal fossa
sciatic nerve
leaves gluteal region, passes deep to LH of biceps femoris
depends along midline of posterior thigh, overlapped posteriorly by adjacent margins of biceps femoris and semimembranosus
anterior to adductor magnus
sciatic nerve divisions
tibial
common fibular
muscular
muscular divisions of sciatic nerve
long head of biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
hamstring part of adductor magnus (from tibial division)
short head of biceps femoris (from common fibular division)
popliteal fossa
diamond shaped space posterior to knee joint
popliteal fossa boundaries
superolateral: biceps femoris
superomedial: semitendinosus, semimembranosus
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius, planters
inferomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius
popliteal fossa anterior (floor)
popliteal surface of femur, articular capsule of posterior aspect of knee joint, popliteus muscle
popliteal fossa posterior (roof)
deep fascia over popliteal fossa, continuous superiorly with fascia late and inferiorly with crural fascia
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery and vein
terminal part of small saphenous vein
tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves and their branches
terminal part of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
genicular branch of obturator nerve (terminal part of its posterior branch)
popliteal lymph nodes
adipose tissue
popliteal artery
begins at adductor hiatus as a continuation of femoral artery; terminates at inferior border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
most deeply located structure in popliteal fossa, lies in contact with fossa’s floor (vulnerable to supracondylar fractures of femur)
in midline of popliteal fossa, popliteal vein lies posterior to popliteal artery and tibial nerve lies posterior to popliteal vein
popliteal artery muscular branches
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
distal parts of hamstring muscles
popliteal artery genicular branches
supply knee joint and participate in arterial anastomosis around it: 2 superior (medial and lateral), 2 inferior (medial and lateral) and 1 middle
superior medial and lateral genicular arteries
curve around distal femur, superior to femoral condyles, to reach anterior aspect of knee joint
inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries
curve around proximal tibia to reach anterior aspect of knee joint
middle genicular artery
unpaired branch; arises from anterior aspect of popliteal artier opposite back of knee joint
pierces oblique popliteal ligament and supplies cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane inside joint
popliteal vein
formed by union of anterior and posterior tibial veins at inferior border of popliteus muscle
terminates at adductor hiatus, becomes femoral vein
ascends through popliteal fossa posterior to popliteal artery and anterior to tibial nerve
popliteal vein tributaries
correspond to branches of popliteal artery
small saphenous vein
popliteal lymph nodes
embedded in connective tissue and fat of popliteal fossa
receive superficial lymph vessels from lateral part of foot and leg (accompany small saphenous vein)
receive deep lymph vessels accompanying anterior and posterior tibial vessels (drain all deep structures of foot and leg)
efferent vessels from popliteal lymph nodes accompany popliteal and femoral vessels and terminate in deep inguinal lymph nodes
tibial nerve
originates in lower ⅓ of thigh from sciatic nerve, descends almost vertically through popliteal fossa, posterior to popliteal artery and vein
leaves popliteal fossa and enters posterior compartment of leg by passing deep (anterior) to tendinous arch of soleus muscle
tibial nerve branches
muscular
articular
sural
tibial nerve muscular branches
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
sural nerve
descends between 2 heads of gastrocnemius and pierces crural fascia (deep fascia of leg) in upper to mid-parts of posterior leg, joined by sural communicating branch (from lateral sural cutaneous nerve) at a variable level (some authors call the nerve “medial sural cutaneous” as it originates from tibial nerve and “sural” after it joins communicating branch)
sural nerve accompanies small saphenous vein, passes posterior and then inferior to lateral malleolus, continues along lateral border of foot and little toe as lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
sural nerve supplies skin over inferolateral part of posterior aspect of leg and along lateral borders of foot and little toe
common fibular nerve
originates in lower ⅓ of thigh from sciatic nerve
runs inferiorly and laterally in popliteal fossa, following medial border of biceps femoris
leaves popliteal fossa by passing superficial to plantaris and lateral head of gastrocnemius
passes posterior to head of fibula and then lateral to neck of fibula, deep to uppermost fibers of fibularis longus muscle (common injury site), where it divides into 2 terminal branches: superficial and deep fibular (peroneal) nerves
lateral rural cutaneous nerve
common fibular branch
gives off rural communicating branch that joins sural nerve
recurrent articular branch
common fibular branch
supplies proximal tibiofibular joint and knee joint
