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Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II > E1D > Flashcards

E1D Flashcards

Anterior compartment of the forearm

1
Q

forearm cutaneous innervation

A

lateral antebrachial cutaneous
medial antebrachial cutaneous
posterior antebrachial cutaneous

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2
Q

lateral antebrachial cutaneous

A

branch of musculocutanous

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3
Q

medial antebrachial cutaneous

A

branch of medial cord

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4
Q

posterior antebrachial cutaneous

A

branch of radial nerve

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5
Q

superficial veins of forearm

A

cephalic vein (lateral)
basilic vein (medial)
median cubital vein
median antebrachial vein

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6
Q

median cubital vein

A
  1. lies superficial to cubital fossa (in superficial fascia)
  2. runs superiorly and medially from cephalic vein to basilic vein
  3. frequently used for venipuncture
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7
Q

median antebrachial vein

A

ascends along anterior midline of forearm and drains into median cubital vein

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8
Q

forearm compartments

A

divided by interosseous membrane
anterior (flexor and pronator mm.)
posterior (extensor and supinator mm.)

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9
Q

flexor retinaculum

(transverse carpal ligament

A
  1. strong fibrous band on anterior aspect of wrist
  2. transforms anterior, concave surface of carpus into an osteofibrous tunnel (carpal tunnel/canal); holds median nerve and tendons of long flexor muscles of thumb and fingers (surrounded by their synovial sheaths)
  3. laterally, it splits into two laminae (superficial and deep) that create a separate tunnel for tendon of flexor carpi radialis (with its synovial sheath)
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10
Q

flexor retinaculum attachments

A

medially to pisiform and hook of hamate

laterally to scaphoid and trapezium

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11
Q

superficial layer
of the anterior compartment
of the forearm

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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12
Q

intermediate layer
of the anterior compartment
of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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13
Q

deep layer
of the anterior compartment
of the forearm

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

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14
Q

innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

all muscles are supplied by median nerve, except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by ulnar nerve

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15
Q

pronator teres origin

A

humeral head: common flexor tendon (attached to medial epicondyle of humerus)
ulnar head: medial aspect of coronoid process

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16
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

middle part of lateral surface of shaft of radius (pronator tuberosity)

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17
Q

pronator teres innervation

A

median nerve passes between two heads as it leaves cubital fossa (possible site of compression)

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18
Q

pronator teres action

A

pronation and flexion of forearm

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19
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin

A

common flexor tendon (attached to medial epicondyle of humerus)

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20
Q

flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

tendon passes through its own tunnel in lateral part of flexor retinaculum  inserts into bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

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21
Q

flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

median nerve

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22
Q

flexor carpi radialis action

A

flexion and abduction of hand at wrist joint

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23
Q

palmaris longus origin

A

common flexor tendon (attached to medial epicondyle of humerus)

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24
Q

palmaris longus insertion

A

tendon passes superficial to flexor retinaculum  inserts into distal part of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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25
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median nerve

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26
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flexion of hand at wrist joint
opposes shearing forces on the skin of the palm during gripping
absent in about 14% of individuals

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27
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

humeral head: common flexor tendon (attached to medial epicondyle of humerus)
ulnar head: medial aspect of olecranon and posterior border of ulnar shaft

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28
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal

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29
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

ulnar nerve passes between two heads as it enters anterior compartment of forearm (cubital tunnel)

30
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

flexion and adduction of hand at wrist joint

31
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon (attached to medial epicondyle of humerus) and medial aspect of coronoid process
radial head: anterior aspect of shaft of radius (linear attachment that extends from radial tuberosity to insertion of pronator teres to oblique line of radius)

32
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

in lower forearm, muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons (for medial 4 digits), which enter hand through carpal tunnel (in distal forearm and carpal tunnel tendons for ring and middle fingers are superficial to tendons for index and little fingers) at the level of proximal phalanges, tendons divide into 2 slips to allow passage of corresponding tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and two slips then attach to sides of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

33
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

A

median nerve

34
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

flexion of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits; helps with flexion of proximal phalanges of medial 4 digits and with flexion of hand at wrist joint

35
Q

flexor pollicis longus origin

A

anterior surface of shaft of radius and interosseous membrane

36
Q

flexor pollicis longus insertion

A

tendon passes through carpal tunnel and inserts into base of distal phalanx of thumb

37
Q

flexor pollicis longus innervation

A

anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)

38
Q

flexor pollicis longus action

A

flexion of distal phalanx of thumb

helps with flexion of proximal phalanx of thumb, flexion of 1st metacarpal and flexion of hand at wrist joint

39
Q

flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

anterior and medial surfaces of shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane

40
Q

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

in lower forearm, muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons (for medial 4 digits), which enter hand through carpal tunnel
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus pass between 2 slips of corresponding tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and insert into bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits

41
Q

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A 
medial half (for little and ring fingers): ulnar nerve
 ateral half (for index and middle fingers): anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
42
Q

flexor digitorum profundus action

A

flexion of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits

helps with flexion of middle and proximal phalanges of medial 4 digits and with flexion of hand at wrist joint

43
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

lower part of anterior surface of shaft of ulna

44
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

lower part of anterior surface of shaft of radius

45
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)

46
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronation of the forearm

47
Q

contents of the carpal tunnel

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

48
Q

carpal tunnel synovial sheaths

A 
radial bursa: tendon of flexor pollicis longus
ulnar bursa (common flexor sheath): 4 tendons of FDS and 4 tendons of FDP
49
Q

ulnar artery

A

begins in cubital fossa (terminal branch of brachial artery) and leaves cubital fossa by passing deep to ulnar head of pronator teres, which separates it from median nerve
in upper forearm, it passes deep to superficial and intermediate muscles of anterior compartment
in lower forearm it is more superficial: tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar nerve are medial to ulnar artery and tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis are lateral to ulnar artery
enters palm of hand anterior (superficial) to flexor retinaculum with ulnar nerve and ends in hand by forming superficial palmar arch
along most of its course, it is accompanied by ulnar nerve (nerve lies medial to artery)

50
Q

ulnar artery branches

A

muscular (along its course)
anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries (elbow joint anastomosis)
common interosseous artery (2 branches)
palmar and dorsal carpal branches

51
Q

common interosseous artery

branch of ulnar artery

A

short branch that originates from proximal part of ulnar artery and divides into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

52
Q

anterior interosseous artery

branch of common interosseous artery

A

runs inferiorly, on anterior aspect of interosseous membrane, with anterior interosseous nerve
at proximal border of pronator quadratus, pierces interosseous membrane and enters posterior compartment of forearm
anastomoses with terminal part of posterior interosseous artery

53
Q

posterior interosseous artery

branch of common interosseous artery

A

passes posteriorly, between ulna and radius, and above superior border of interosseous membrane, to enter posterior compartment of forearm

54
Q

palmar and dorsal carpal branches of the ulnar artery

A

anastomose with corresponding branches of radial artery to form palmar and dorsal carpal arches

55
Q

radial artery

A
  1. begins in cubital fossa (terminal branch of brachial artery)
  2. in upper forearm is covered by brachioradialis and passes superficial to pronator teres close to its insertion
  3. in middle part of forearm it is accompanied by superficial branch of radial nerve (nerve lies lateral to artery)
  4. in lower forearm is superficial and lies between tendon of brachioradialis (lateral to artery) and tendon of flexor carpi radialis (medial to artery)  site for taking radial pulse
  5. winds around lateral aspect of wrist to reach dorsum of hand
56
Q

radial artery branches

A

muscular (along its course)
radial recurrent artery
superficial palmar branch
palmar and dorsal carpal branches

57
Q

radial recurrent artery

A

participates in arterial anastomosis around elbow joint

58
Q

superficial palmar branch of radial artery

A

originates just above wrist and enters palm of hand by passing through or superficial to thenar muscles and completes superficial palmar arch on lateral side

59
Q

palmar and dorsal carpal branches of radial artery

A

anastomose with corresponding branches of ulnar artery to form palmar and dorsal carpal arches

60
Q

deep veins of the forearm

A
  1. radial and ulnar arteries are accompanied by two veins each (radial and ulnar veins or venae comitantes [accompanying veins] of radial and ulnar arteries)
  2. there are numerous connections between two radial veins and between two ulnar veins
  3. radial and ulnar veins receive tributaries corresponding to branches of arteries and drain deep tissues of forearm
  4. in cubital fossa, radial and ulnar veins join to form two brachial veins (venae comitantes of brachial artery) and are connected to median cubital vein (superficial vein)
61
Q

median nerve

A
  1. exits cubital fossa by passing between humeral and ulnar heads of pronator teres
  2. descends in forearm between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
  3. just proximal to wrist emerges from underneath flexor digitorum superficialis and lies between tendon of palmaris longus (medial to nerve) and tendon of flexor carpi radialis (lateral to nerve)
  4. enters hand by passing through carpal tunnel
62
Q

median nerve branches

A

muscular branches
articular branch at elbow joint
palmar branch
anterior interosseous nerve

63
Q

muscular branches of median nerve

A

supply pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and flexor digitorum superficialis

64
Q

palmar branch of median nerve

A

passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and supplies skin of central, depressed area of palm of hand

65
Q

anterior interosseous nerve

A

originates from median nerve as it emerges from pronator teres (upper forearm)
runs inferiorly on anterior surface of interosseous membrane with anterior interosseous artery then passes deep to pronator quadratus and ends on anterior surface of carpus
supplies flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus and lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus and gives articular branches to distal radioulnar and wrist joints

66
Q

ulnar nerve

A
  1. enters anterior forearm by passing between humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (cubital tunnel)
  2. along most of its course in forearm, it is accompanied by ulnar artery (artery lies lateral to nerve)
  3. in upper forearm is more deeply located (between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus)
  4. in lower forearm is more superficial and lies between tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (medial to nerve) and ulnar artery (lateral to nerve)
  5. enters palm of hand by passing anterior (superficial) to flexor retinaculum
67
Q

ulnar nerve branches

A
  1. muscular branches
  2. articular branch to elbow joint
  3. palmar branch
  4. dorsal branch (larger than palmar branch)
  5. anterior to flexor retinaculum, ulnar nerve ends by dividing into superficial and deep terminal branches
68
Q

muscular branches of ulnar nerve

A

supply flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

69
Q

palmar branch of ulnar nerve

A

passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and supplies skin on medial part of palm, at base of hypothenar eminence

70
Q

dorsal branch of ulnar nerve (larger than palmar branch)

A

curves around ulna (deep to tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris) and supplies skin on medial part of dorsum of hand and dorsal surfaces of medial 2½ (or 1½) digits (digital branches do not extend far beyond proximal interphalangeal joints)

Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II (20 decks)

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