exam 4 urinary/lymphatics Flashcards
unique about cat kidneys
capsular veins
describe bovine kidney with respect to calyx, renal pelvis, renal pyramid
no renal pelvis
every renal pyramid has own calyx
no fused cortex, lobular
describe porcine kidney with respect to calyx, renal pelvis, renal pyramid
each renal pyramid has a calyx but all come together to form renal pelvis
fused cortex
describe horse, carnivore, sm. ruminant kidney with respect to calyx, renal pelvis, renal pyramid
no calyxs
have renal pelvis and renal crest
fused cortex
Identify the blood supply of the urinary bladder. Describe the variations in the cranial vesicular artery and relate these to the umbilical arteries.
internal iliac a. –> internal pudendal a. –> caudal vesicular aa.
cranial vesicular aa. (+/-) are remnants of umbilical aa; if no lumen, resides as round ligament of the bladder
Distinguish between the smooth muscle sphincter associated with the neck of the urinary bladder and the m. urethralis. How are each innervated?
internal urethra sphincter
- smooth m, involuntary
- pelvic n. (parasymp)
- hypogastric n. (symp)
external urethral sphincter
- striated m, voluntary
- pudendal n.
what tissue does renal tissue come from
intermediate mesoderm
What are the three embryonic kidneys of amniotes and by what sequence are they and their ducts formed?
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
pronephric duct induces mesonephros kidney and becomes mesonephric duct which gives off metanephric diverticulum to become metanephros kidney
definitive vertebrate kidney
metanephros kidney
partitioning of the urogenital sinus
urorectal septum divides cloaca into urinary & GI pathways, the urogenital sinus is the space associated with urinary/reproductive systems
Explain the roles of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in both male and female fetuses.
mesonephric duct becomes epididymus & ductus deferens in male, lost in females
paramesonephric duct becomes uterus, cervix, part of vagina in females, lost in males
MALE
genital tubercle –>
urethral fold –>
genital swellings –>
glans penis
body of penis/penile urethra
scrotum
FEMALE
genital tubercle –>
urethral fold –>
genital swellings –>
clitoris
labia (of vulva)
disappears
Describe the descent of the testis.
1, gubernaculum tethers gonads to future scrotum and as fetus grows, pulls testis towards inguinal canal
2. gubernaculum dilates canal and testis pushed peritoneum ahead of it to form vaginal tunic
freemartin
bovine conjoined placenta = admixing of blood to male & female
female exposed to male hormones = intersex, subfertile
ectopic ureter (ureter communicates with the vagina)
polycystic kidneys (failure of collecting tubules to fuse with precursors of convuled tubules and glomerulus)
atresia ani (failure of cloacal membrane to separate anus/urethra from exterior)
urorectal fistula (failure of urorectal septum to form)
vesicourachal diverticulum (failure of urachus to collapse/disppear by birth)
patent urachus (failure of urachus to collapse/disappear by birth)
hypospadius (failure of fusion of urethral folds)
mandibular
superficial cervical
axillary
mesenteric
superficial inguinal
popliteal
only palpable lymph node in felines
popliteal
mandibular
superficial cervical
axillary
iliosacral
superficial inguinal
popliteal
palpable lymph nodes in dogs
mandibular
superficial cervical
popliteal
superficial inguinal SOMETIMES
ONLY PALPABLE L.N. IN EQUINE
mandibular
parotid
retropharyngeal
mandibular
superficial cervical
iliosacral
prefemoral/subiliac
superficial inguinal
popliteal
palpable l.n. in bovine
superficial cervical
iliosacral
prefemoral/subiliac
superficial inguinal
what l.n. are sometimes palpable in bovine
parotid
retropharyngeal
identify/describe the renosplenic ligament1 in the horse. What is its
clinical significance?
between spleen and left kidney
displaced left colon may become entrapped by renosplenic lig –> colic
