Cranial Nerves Flashcards
I name
sensory or motor
foramen
olfactory n.
sensory - olfaction/smell in the olfactory epithelium innervated by ethmoturbinates
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
II name
sensory or motor
foramen
optic n.
sensory - vision only
optic canal
III name
sensory or motor
foramen
oculomotor n.
motor to external eye muscles (ventral/medial/dorsal rectus mm, ventral oblique m., & levator palpebrae superioris m.)
orbital fissure
IV name
sensory or motor
foramen
trochlear n.
motor to dorsal oblique m.
orbital fissure
V name
sensory or motor
foramen
trigeminal n.
sensory - somatosensation of the head (pain, temp, touch, proprioception)
motor - muscles of mastication (temporalis m., masseter m., digastricus m.)
VI name
sensory or motor
foramen
abducens n.
motor - lateral rectus m. & retractor bulbi m.
oribital fissure
VII name
sensory or motor
foramen
Facial n.
motor - facial expressions (e.g. orbicularis oculi m.), & autonomic to lacrimal gland & salivary gland
sensory - taste to rostral 2/3 tongue
internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid foramen
VIII name
sensory or motor
foramen
vestibularcochlear n.
sensory - ear equilibrium/vestibular sense (vestibular n.) and auditory (cochlear n.)
internal acoustic meatus
IX name
sensory or motor
foramen
glossopharyngeal n.
motor - pharyngeal mm. & some salivary glands (autonomic)
sensory - taste & somatosensation caudal 1/3 of tongue
jugular foramen & tympano occipital fissure
X name
sensory or motor
foramen
vagus n.
sensory - visceral sensation and taste
somatic motor - esophagus & larynx
visceral motor - autonomic/ parasympathetic to all viscera of thorax & most of abdomen
jugular foramen & tympano occipital fissure
XI name
sensory or motor
foramen
accessory n.
somatic motor - neck mm. (trapezius m., cleidocephalicus m. (pars mastoideus) and sternocephalicus m.)
jugular foramen & tympano occipital fissure
XII name
sensory or motor
foramen
hypoglossal n.
motor - intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal canal
mm. of mastication (except for one muscle) are specifically innervated by what nerve branch from what cranial nerve
mandibular nerve division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve number V)
except m.digastricus where the rostral belly is innervated by trigeminal n. but caudal belly innervated by facial n.
what are the three branches of the trigeminal n. and in what areas are their sensation zones
name their opening to the outside of the skull
- ophthalmic n.
- sensory to the medial canthus, cornea, upper eyelid & nasal vestibule
- orbital fissure - maxillary n.
- sensory to the upper half of muzzle
- rostral alar formamen - mandibular n.
- sensory to the mandible
- motor to mm. of mastication
- oval foramen
what are the branches of the mandibular division and their sensory or motor innervations
- lingual n.
- sensory to the tongue - inferior alveolar n.
- sensory to lower teeth
2A. mental nn.
- sensory to chin/lower lip - mylohyoid n.
- sensory and motor to mylohyoideus m. - buccal n.
- sensory to inside of cheek
what are the autonomic/parasympathetic nerves
III, VII, IX, X
what cranial nerves have functions with the periorbita
II, III, IV, V (ophthalmic division), VI
branches of the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
cornual n. in goats
- sensory to horns
supraorbital n. in large animals
- sensory to upper eyelid; supraorbital foramen
branches of the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
infraorbital n.
- sensory to rostra upper arcade/lip and soft tissues
- infraorbital foramen
cornual n. in bovids/sheep/goats
- sensory to horns
branches of facial n.
auriculopalpebral n. (rostral auricular n. + palpebral n.)
dorsal and ventral buccal nn.
CANINE
for a mental block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
mental nn.
inject mental foramen
chin +/- lower incisors/canines
[+ teeth if injected into foramen]
[- teeth if injected outside foramen]
CANINE
for a inferior alveolar block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
inferior alveolar n.
inject the mandibular foramen
lower arcade and associated soft tissues/tongue (due to lingual n. running adjacent)
CANINE
for a maxillary block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
maxillary n.
inject maxillary foramen
upper arcade & associated soft tissues (except nasal vestibule)
CANINE
for a infraorbital block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
infraorbital n.
inject infraorbital foramen
rostral part of upper arcade & associated soft tissues (except nasal vestibule)
HORSE
for a infraorbital block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
infraorbital n.
infraorbital foramen
soft tissue procedures on nose & upper lip
HORSE
for a mental block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
mental n.
mental foramen
soft tissue procedures on lower lip
COW/SHEEP/GOATS
for a cornual block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
cornual n. (cow/sheep have 1 and goats have 2)
inject halfway between orbit and base of horn on temporal line
dehorning/horn surgery
HORSE/COW
for a supraorbital block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
supraorbital n.
supraorbital foramen
upper eyelid, usually for ophthalmic procedures
COWS
for a Peterson block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
ophthalmic n., maxillary n, and Cr.n. III, IV, VI
foramen orbitorotundum
anesthesia/paralysis of all orbital contents; enculeation
HORSE
for an auriculopalpebral block…
what nerve? foramen? area?
auriculopalpebral n.
high point of zygomatic arch
not sensory block - motor innervation to orbicularis oculi
blocks for ophthalmic exam/procedures
