Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Exam 4 - Musculo > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Musculo Flashcards

1
Q

when is the greatest time of growth

A

infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

example of immobilization devices

A

splints
casts
traction (skin, skeletal)
external fixation devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

used for immobilization to promote healing, ensure proper alignment

A

splint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does CSM stand for r/t neurovascular assessment

A

circulation
sensation
motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what to assess with cast care

A

skin integrity
circulation distally
neurovascular status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parent educate re: cast care

A

pain management
elevation
hygiene
nothing goes inside the cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

purpose of traction

A

reduce muscle spasms
realignment
immobilization
prevent/improve contracture deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 types of traction

A

skin
skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nursing care for traction

A

immobilized pt
do not release traction
assess pin site
provide pin site care
neurovascular assessment
support family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is a buck traction used

A

fractures, hip disorders

boot or wrap applied to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when is bryant traction used

A

femur facture
children until 2 y/o
developmental dysplasia of the hips

hip will be flexed 90 degrees, butt floated off the bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when is a halo traction used

A

fractured or displaced vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 5 P’s of ischemia

A

pain
pallor
pulselessnes
parathesia
paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most frequently broken bone in children < 10

A

clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

open vs. closed fracture risks

A

O: infection, bleeding

C: hemorrhage, neurovascular compromise, compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 5 different types of breaks

A

greenstick
spiral
oblique
transverse
comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe greenstick fracture

A

break through periosteum on 1 side, bowing or buckling on the other size

most common in forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe spiral fracture

A

twisted or circular break
affects length
common in child abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe oblique fracture

A

diagonal or slanting between horizontal and perpendicular planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe transverse fracture

A

occurs at R angles to the long axis of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe comminuted fracture

A

bone is splintered in pieces

rare occurrence in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

reduction method for fractures

A

reposition bone into normal alignment
closed or open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

retention method for fractures

A

site must be protected after re-alignment

splint, cast, traction, or external fixation device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are hot spots on a cast

A

painful areas when touched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the healing periods for neontes

A

2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the healing period in early childhood

A

4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the healing period in later childhood

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the healing period in adolescence

A

8-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what occurs a a sprain

A

ligaments are stretched or torn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what occurs with a strain

A

pull, tears, or rupture - results from excessive stretch of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is a contusion

A

soft tissue or muscle damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is a dislocation

A

joint is disrupted so that articulating surfaces are no longer in contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

s/sx of sprains and strains

A

rapid onset with disability
pain
swelling
localized tenderness
limited ROM
poor weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what can occur with a hip dislocation

A

potential loss of blood supply to head of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

most common dislocation in peds

A

nursemaids elbow

36
Q

RICE ICES

A

rest ice compression elevation

ice compression elevation support

37
Q

osteomyelitis is commonly from ___

A

staph

38
Q

common location of osteomyelitis in children

A

femur
tibia

39
Q

when is osteomyelitis considered chronic

A

> 1 month or did not respond to abx therapy and now it has to be changed

40
Q

what should be increased with osteomyelitis

A

protein, calorie intake

41
Q

how to prevent kyphosis

A

proper posture
abdominal strengthening

42
Q

what will help with lordosis

A

postural exercises

43
Q

most common spinal deformity

A

scoliosis

44
Q

cause of scoliosis

A

idiopathic, genetic

45
Q

when is scoliosis dx

A

early adolescence
commonly occurs during during puberty/growth spurt

c/o ill fitting clothes

46
Q

s/sx of scoliosis

A

unequal shoulders and hips
rib asymmetry
promonate scapula
can visually see the curve in spine

47
Q

how long does a brace have to be worn with scoliosis

A

23 hours/day

48
Q

what is done if spinal curvature is >45 degree

A

surgical intervention with rods

49
Q

with scoliosis there is often a ___ curve and a ___ curve to align head with gluteal cleft

A

primary; compensatory

50
Q

what to educate with a scoliosis brace

A

turn, cough, deep breathe
monitor bowels
wear clothes under the brace

51
Q

what 2 test are done to assess for dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

A

ortolani (abduct legs, clunking sound)
barlow (adduct knee, pushed down)

52
Q

dysplasia of the hip is often associated with what kind of birth

A

breech

53
Q

what are the 3 forms of DDH

A

mild: acidabular dysplasia
moderate: subluxation (most common)
severe: dislocation

54
Q

how long is a pavlik harness worn with DDH

A

6-12 weeks

55
Q

how often should pavlik harness straps be evaluated

A

q1-2 weeks

56
Q

what to assess for with pavlik harness

A

skin breakdown
blood flow
place diaper under the straps

57
Q

what occurs with legg-calve-perthes disease

A

avascular necrosis of femoral head

58
Q

legg-calve-perthes disease common age

A

3-12

more common in males 4-8

59
Q

most common symptom with legg-calve-perthes disease

A

persistent pain of the hip that worsens with movement

60
Q

what is common in children with legg-calve-perthes disease

A

arthritis, DJD

61
Q

how is legg-calve-perthes disease managed

A

NSAID
bedrest
joint exercises

62
Q

what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

A

spontaneous displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis in a posterior and inferior direction

63
Q

when does SCFE commonly occur

A

before or during accelerated growth periods or puberty

64
Q

who is SCFE commonly seen in

A

overweight males, adolescents

65
Q

s/sx of SCFE

A

c/o pain in hip, groin area
walk with a limp

66
Q

SCFE goal

A

keep head of femur in acetabulum

67
Q

how long to avoid weight bearing initially with SCFE

A

4-6 weeks

68
Q

how to treat clubfoot

A

daily stretching, movement
ponseti casting
surgical correction

69
Q

clubfoot is commonly seen in ____

A

Hawaiians

70
Q

ponseti casting method last for how long

A

4-6 weeks

71
Q

most common form of muscular dystrophy

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

72
Q

what is muscular dystrophies

A

progressive muscle atrophy and weakness

73
Q

when is walking ability usually lost with muscular dystrophies

A

9-12 years

74
Q

when does death usually occur with muscular dystrophies

A

15-18 years

75
Q

what can be seen prior to a muscular dystrophy dx

A

motor development delay
clumsy
falls
difficulty walking, running, riding a bike

76
Q

common onset of duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

3-5 years

77
Q

what is juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

autoimmune inflammatory disease with no known cause

78
Q

onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is what age range

A

2-4 years old

more common in girls

79
Q

s/sx of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

stiffness
swelling
loss of mobility in affected joint
warm to touch (no erythema)
tender to touch
symptoms increase with stressors
growth retardation

80
Q

what are the 4 criteria for JIA by the American College of Rheumatology

A

onset < 16 years
1+ affected joints
duration > 6 weeks
exclusion of other forms of arthritis

81
Q

JIA medications

A

NSAIDS
biologics
corticosteriods
disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS)

82
Q

what is osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

A

inherited disorders of connective tissue characterized by excessive fragility and bone defects

83
Q

s/sx of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

A

short, long bone deformities
osteoporosis
blue discoloration of sclera
discolored teeth
hearing loss

84
Q

syndactyly vs. polydactyly

A

s: webbing

p: extra digits

85
Q

genu valgum vs. genu varum

A

valgum: knock knees

varum: bowlegs

Pediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions