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Pediatrics > Exam 3 - skin alt. > Flashcards

Exam 3 - skin alt. Flashcards

1
Q

pediatric skin differences

A

thinner
more susceptible to irritants, infection
greater absorption d/t greater volume
less ability to regulate temp

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2
Q

what are 4 common birthmarks

A

port wine stain
hemangiomas
mongolian spots
salmon patch (stork bite, angel kiss)

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3
Q

what are 4 types of skin inflammation

A

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)
seborrheic diaper dermatitis
contact dermatitis
atopic dermatitis

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4
Q

when does seborrheic dermatitis commonly occur and go away

A

2-3 weeks; 12 months

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5
Q

atopic dermatitis is aka

A

eczema

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6
Q

skin hydration measures for atopic dermatitis

A

tepid baths (< 5 minutes)
mild soap (Dove, Neutrogena)
pat skin with towel after
daily emollients within 3 minutes of tepid bath (Cetaphil, Eucerin)
avoid bubble baths, harsh soaps

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7
Q

methods to control pruritus

A

short, clean nails
gloves, socks on hands
soft, cotton pjs after bath at night
clothes made of soft cotton
mild detergent first wash, no detergent 2nd wash

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8
Q

what are some itching/pruritus triggers

A

certain fabrics
stuffed animals
dressing too warm for weather
powders

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9
Q

meds to help with pruritus

A

antihistamines

loratadine, fexofenadine - day time
benadryl - HS

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10
Q

what are 5 different kinds of skin infections

A

impetigo
cellulitis
candidiasis
tinea infections
HSV

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11
Q

where is impetigo usually located

A

around the mouth, nose
can be on the extremities

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12
Q

what are the 5 types of tinea

A

capitis (scalp)
corporis (trunk)
cruris (ground, buttock, scrotum)
pedis (feet)
unguium (nails, nail bed)

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13
Q

how to prevent spreading impetigo

A

short nails
hand hygiene
discourage sharing towels, combs, eating utensils

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of skin infestations

A

pediculosis capitis (head lice)
pediculosis corporis (body lice)
pediculosis pubis (pubic, crap lice)
mite infestation (scabies)

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15
Q

what are the 3 forms/stages of lice

A

nits
nymph
adult

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16
Q

describe nit

A

head lice eggs
hard to see
resembles dandruff
hatch in 1 week

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17
Q

describe nymph

A

hatched louse
mature after 7 days
feed on blood for survival

18
Q

describe adult lice

A

sesame seed
6 legs
females lay nits
live 30 days on head
live 2 days off head

19
Q

children ages __ to __ and their families are the most infested pediculosis group

A

3-10 y/o

20
Q

which gender gets pediculosis more often

A

girls

21
Q

s/sx of pediculosis

A

ticking, moving feeling on head
itching
irritability
sores d/t scratching

22
Q

what to remove before applying lice treatment

A

all clothing, clean clothes after treatment

23
Q

how often to reassess hair after lice treatment

A

q2-3 days

24
Q

when to retreat after lice treatment

A

7-10 days

25
Q

review medications: slide 34

A

review medications: slide 34

26
Q

how to prevent lice reoccurences

A

machine wash clothes, towels, linens in hot water; dryer for at least 20 minutes
vacuum carpets, seats, pillows, stuffed animals, rugs, mattresses, upholstered furniture
seal nonwashable items for 14 days
soak combs, bruses, hair accessories in lice killing products x1 hour or boiling water x10 minutes

27
Q

what is used to dx scabies

A

microscope

28
Q

how is scabies spread

A

direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with infected persons

29
Q

how long can it take scabies symptoms to arise after 1st and 2nd exposure

A

1: 30-60 days
2: 48 hours

30
Q

s/sx of scabies

A

pimple-like irritants
burrows or rash
intense itching, esp at night
sore caused by scratching

31
Q

who should be treated for scabies

A

exposed
sexual partners
anyone with prolonged contact

32
Q

review medications: slide 40-41

A

review medications: slide 40-41

33
Q

acne vulgaris education

A

regular, gentle cleansing
apply topical meds
encourage healthy lifestyle:
-adequate rest, exercise, well balance diet

34
Q

who is at greatest risk for burns

A

infants, toddlers

leading cause of death and injury in children

35
Q

superficial burn

A

epidermis
physiologic function intact

36
Q

superficial partial thickness burn

A

epidermis, some dermis

37
Q

deep partial thickness burn

A

epidermis, dermis destruction

38
Q

full thickness burn

A

epidermis, dermis, underlying tissue

39
Q

what chart is used to calculate burns

A

Lund and Browder chart

40
Q

children with burns are at an increase risk for…

A

higher mortality rate
more severe burns
fluid, heat loss
hypertrophic scarring
cardiovascular problems
infection
protein, calorie deficit

41
Q

what are some major complications or electrical burns

A

cardiac arrest, dysrhythmia
tissue damage
myoglobinuria
metabolic acidosis
altered emotional state
loss of short-term memory

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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