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Pediatrics > Exam 2 - GI > Flashcards

Exam 2 - GI Flashcards

1
Q

when is the GI system formed during embryonic development

A

first 4 weeks

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2
Q

the GI tract arises from the ___ layer

A

endoderm

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3
Q

can an infant still breastfeed with a cleft lip

A

yes but depends on the severity

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4
Q

when is a cleft lip repair

A

1-2 months and again at 4-5 years

you want complete closure by 6-24 months

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5
Q

cleft lip puts children at higher risk for ___ ___ and ___ ___

A

ear infection; hearing loss

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6
Q

what is esophageal atresia

A

congenital malformation where the esophagus terminates before reaching the stomach

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7
Q

3 C’s for esophageal atresia

A

coughing
choking
cyanotic

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8
Q

HOB should be at least __ degrees for esophageal atresia

A

30

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9
Q

how often to suction with esophageal atresia

A

q5-10 minutes

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10
Q

what 2 meds need to be administered ASAP d/t aspiration risk

A

IVF
abx

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11
Q

what are the 4 motility disorders

A

GERD
constipation, encopresis
recurrent abdominal pain
IBS

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12
Q

s/sx of physiological GERD

A

painless emesis after meals
rarely occurs during sleep
weight gain
no aspiration
will outgrow by 1-2 y/o

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13
Q

s/sx of pathologic GERD

A

FTT
aspiration PNS and/or asthma
apnea
coughing, choking
frequent emesis with abdominal pain, crying
risk for aspiration, ear infection
meds and/or sx for treatment

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14
Q

GERD management

A

diet
positioning
meds
tx acute bleeding
surgery (fundoplication)

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15
Q

constipation/encopresis management

A

overcoming withholding
diet changes
change retention habits
emotional support
home care
evaluation
toileting schedule
keep a change of clothes on hand

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16
Q

IBD management

A

corticosteroids
immune suppressants (MTX)
abx
low fat, low fiber diet
high protein diet

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17
Q

appendicitis s/sx develop slowly over __ hour period

A

12

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18
Q

s/sx of appendicitis

A

pain
anorexia
N/V
fever

pain proceeding vomiting, appendicitis is likely

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19
Q

possible position of child with appendicitis

A

knee-chest

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20
Q

what are the 4 obstructive disorders

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
intussusception
volvulus
Hirschsprung’s disease

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21
Q

when does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis occur

A

within the first few weeks after birth

22
Q

cause of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

unknown but can be genetic predisposition

23
Q

what to assess with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

frequency, consistency and amount

24
Q

concern with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

dehydration
weight loss

25
Q

where may there be a palpable mass with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

R of the umbilicus

26
Q

preop: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

NPO
IVF
NGT
elevate HOB

27
Q

postop: hypertrophic stenosis

A

elevate HOB
PO rehydrating solution (when bowel sounds return)
formula started if PO hydration is tolerated x24 hours
I&Os (weigh diapers, daily weight)

28
Q

when does intussusception occur

A

5 months to 3 years

29
Q

s/sx of intussusception

A

abdominal pain
mass in RUQ
red, currant jelly like stools
vomiting
fever
lethargy

30
Q

intussusception treatment

A

NPO until active bowel sounds
radiographic air enema
saline enema
NGT
sx is LAST resorT

31
Q

what must always be documented with intussusception

A

see and document all characteristics of BM

32
Q

Hirschsprung disease is commonly seen in individuals with ___ ___

A

Down Syndrome

strong heredity

33
Q

Hirschsprung disease is d/t ___ ___ in 1 part of the GI tract

A

inadequate immobility

34
Q

s/sx of Hirschsprung disease

A

delayed meconium passage
chronic constipation first month of life
abdominal pain, distention
FTT
ribbon like stools

35
Q

Hirschsprung disease can lead to a ___ ___

A

permanent colostomy

36
Q

Hirschsprung pre op

A

NPO
abx
monitor abdominal circumference
monitor electrolytes

37
Q

Hirschsprung post op

A

bowel sounds
s/sx infection
BM
anal dilators

38
Q

most common malabsorption disorder

A

lactose intolerance

39
Q

what are the 4 types of lactose intolerance

A

primary
secondary
congenital
developmental

40
Q

primary vs. secondary vs. congenital vs. developmental lactose intolerance

A

P: around 5 y/o
S: secondary to illness or injury
C: rare, hereditary
D: seen in premature babies, gets better over time

41
Q

where is tropical sprue Celiac disease seen mostly

A

Caribbean
India
SE Asia

42
Q

what is short bowel syndrome

A

congenital malformation
50% less bowel than normal individual

43
Q

lactose intolerance is more common in ___ and ___ ___

A

Asians
Native Americans

44
Q

how to dx lactose intolerance

A

stool test

45
Q

where is gluten seen

A

protein seen in wheat, barely, rye, and oats

46
Q

how to Dx Celiac

A

Bx jejunum
IgA blood work

47
Q

which form of hepatitis is most prevalent in children

A

hepatitis A

48
Q

what is biliary atresia

A

inflammation, obstruction of the bile duct

hard time with fats and bile salts

49
Q

1 indication for liver transplant in children

A

biliary atresia

50
Q

treatment for cirrhosis of the liver in children

A

no treatment, supportive measures

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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