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Pediatrics > Exam 2 - D/V, dehydration > Flashcards

Exam 2 - D/V, dehydration Flashcards

1
Q

faster ___ ___ result in higher evaporative water loss

A

respiratory rate

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2
Q

is a child more likely to lose extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid

A

ECF

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3
Q

the amount of fluid digested should be ___ to the amount of fluid lost

A

equal

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4
Q

must know ABG

A

must know ABG

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5
Q

treatment of metabolic acid-base disturbance is oriented towards ___ the underlying problem

A

correcting

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6
Q

the treatment of respiratory acid-base imbalance is directed towards ___ ___ ___

A

reestablishing alveolar ventilation

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7
Q

what are the 3 major consequences of diarrhea

A

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
metabolic acidosis

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8
Q

what are some causes of diarrhea

A

fungal overgrowth
food intolerance
malabsorption
meds
colon disease
IBS
intestinal obstruction
emotional stress
infectious disease

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9
Q

the frequency, fluidity, and volume of stools

A

diarrhea

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10
Q

major cause of diarrhea in infants

A

norovirus
rotovirus

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11
Q

a sudden increase in frequency/consistency of stools

A

acute diarrhea

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12
Q

acute diarrhea is associated with which 3 things

A

URI
abx (test for c. diff)
laxatives

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13
Q

acute diarrhea treatment

A

usually resolves on its own unless dehydration occurs

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14
Q

how is acute infectious disease/infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) transmitted

A

fecal-oral route

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15
Q

3 causes of AGE

A

viral
bacterial
parasitic

rotavirus is the most common

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16
Q

forcible ejection of stomach contents through the mouth

A

vomiting

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17
Q

what nervous system is associated with vomiting

A

autonomic nervous system

18
Q

possible causes of vomiting

A

infections
obstructions
motion sickness
metabolic alterations
psychological alterations

19
Q

hypernatremic (hypertonic) vs. hyponatremic (hypotonic) vs. isonatremic (isotonic)

A

hyper: high Na
hypo: low Na
iso: Na WNL

20
Q

mild vs. moderate vs. severe dehydration & parameters

A

mild: < 5% body weight
moderate: 5-10% body weight
severe: > 10% body weight

21
Q

s/sx of mid dehydration

A

normal VS
flat fontanelles

22
Q

s/sx moderate dehydration

A

increase HR
decreased UOP
dry mucous membranes

23
Q

s/sx severe diarrhea

A

dry mucous membranes
delayed cap refill
sunken fontanelles
no tears
little to no UOP

24
Q

additional s/sx of dehydration

A

fewer wet diapers than normal
no tears when crying
dry mouth
irritability
high-pitched dry
difficulty awakening
increase RR, difficulty breathing
sunken soft spot
sunken eyes with dark circles
abnormal skin color, temp., or dryness

25
Q

s/sx of shock

A

change in HR
decrease LOC
decrease UOP
dry skin, mucous membranes
sunken fontanelles (infants)
decreased or absence of fears

26
Q

where to assess skin turgor on peds

A

abdomen

27
Q

treatment of choice for mild dehydration

A

oral rehydration solution (ORS)

28
Q

is vomiting contraindicated for ORS

A

No

29
Q

dehydration treatment if breast feeding

A

continue to breast feed
ORS supplement may be used

30
Q

BRAT

A

Bananas
Rice
Applesauce
Toast

31
Q

discouraging foods during V/D

A

fruit juice
soft drinks
spicy foods
fatty foods

32
Q

how often and how much fluid to give to assess how it can be handled

A

1 tsp q10-15 minutes

33
Q

main treatment for critically-ill child with hypovolemic shocks is ___ ___

A

fluid resuscitation

34
Q

signs of improvement of hypovolemic shock

A

decrease HR
improved UOP
decrease RR
improved LOC

35
Q

how many mL/kg for daily fluid maintenance

A

100 mL/kg: first 10 kg
50 mL/kg: second 10 kg
20 mL/kg: remaining body weight

divide total amount by 24 hours to obtain mL/hour

36
Q

minimum UOP for infants and toddlers

A

> 2-3 mL/kg/hr

37
Q

minimum UOP for preschooler and young school-aged

A

> 1-2 mL/kg/hr

38
Q

minimum UOP for school-aged and adolescent

A

0.5-1 mL/kg/hr

39
Q

should you administer K+ if UOP is not age appropriate

A

No

40
Q

give no more than __ mEq/L of K+ at a rate no faster than __ 1 mEq/kg/hr

A

40; 1

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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