Exam 1 - Infants Flashcards
Erikson
trust vs. mistrust
___ only exist in relation to something or someone
trust
Piaget (birth-24 months)
sensorimotor
how many sensorimotor substages? how many are r/t to infancy?
6 stages
4/6 stages
what are the 4 substages of sensorimotor?
use of reflexes (birth-24 months)
primary circular reactions (1-4 mos)
secondary circular reactions (4-8 mons)
coordination of secondary schemas and their application to new situations (8-12 months)
sensorimotor: use of reflexes (birth-24 months)
association between act + response
hungry > cries > bottle in mouth > sucks > becomes content and satisfied
sensorimotor: primary circular reflex (1-4 mos)
adapt their reaction to environment
recognize the stimulus that produces a response
associates nipple with sound of parents voice > stop crying after hearing their voice
sensorimotor: secondary circular reactions (4-8 mos)
intentional activities
shaking done to hear a noise
sensorimotor: secondary circular reactions (4-8 mos)
3 processes
imitation
play
affect
when does stranger anxiety begin
6-8 mos
sensorimotor: coordination of schemas and their applications to new situations (8-12 months)
new intellectual skills
increase motor skills
associates symptoms with events (“bye bye” with going to work)
object permanence (9-10 mos)
objects exist even when no longer visible
use of symbols or mental representation
can think of an object or situation if symbols are used without experiencing it
begins to cry, smile more
8-12 weeks
preference to mother is shown when
6 months
when does protesting when placed in crib, mother leaves the room begin
6 months
when does protesting before mother leaves the room begin
11-12 months
when does separation anxiety begin
4-8 mos
best approach to separation anxiety
talk softly
meet at eye level
avoid sudden intrusive gestures (holding arms out)
play is ___ and ___
solitary; narcissistic
social-affective play
play with parent
sense-pleasure play
noises, bright lights
skill play
repeat a skill over and over
dropping fork > parent picks up > repeat
when does sensory motor skills begin
6 mo - 1 year
peak-a-boo, pat-a-cake, verbal repetition, imitation
toys for birth-6 mos
mobiles
music boxes
stuffed animals
unbreakable mirror
small-handled rattle
swing
toys for 6 mo-1 year
nested boxes or cups
large puzzles
jack-in-the-box
rattles of various sizes, colors
squeaky toys
teething toys
books with bright pictures
when do lower teeth erupt
6-10 months
upper to follow
s/sx of teething
drooling
increase finger sucking
biting on hard objects
irritable
trouble sleeping
refusal to eat
fever, V/D require further investigation
teething pain relief
cool teething ring (do not freeze if filled with fluid)
topical anesthetic with benzocaine
acetaminophen
dental care during infancy
clean mouth with a damp cloth
is breastfeeding contraindicated for vaccines
no
milk preference for the first 6 months
human
iron supplement needed beginning 4-6 mos
when can infants have whole milk
1 year
formula should not exceed __ oz
32
when to begin solid foods and juice
4-6 mo
when to begin honey
1 year
what type of food is given first
iron-fortified cereal (iron)
cereal > strained fruits > veggies > meat
how often to introduce new foods
intervals of 4-7 days
when to discard paci
becomes sticky/gummy
SAFE PAD
suffocation
animal bites
falls
electrical burns
poisoning
automobile safety
drowning
leading cause of suffocation
latex balloons
infancy sleeping positiong
back
how long to leave child rear facing in car
2 years
should you place a rear facing car seat in the front with an airbag on the passenger side
no
hot water should be less than __ degrees
120
when should organized swimming instruction begin
4 years
