Exam 1 - Toddler Flashcards
toddler age
12-36 months
Erikson
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
when is shame and doubt developed
when caregivers are impatient, doing everything for child
which stages of Piaget sensorimotor are r/t toddler
5 and 6
tertiary circular reaction
invention of new means through mental combinations
tertiary circular reaction (13-18 months) characteristics
aware of objects behind, in drawers
recognize different shapes + relationship to others (nesting toys fit inside one other)
invention of new means through mental combinations characteristics
object permanence
domestic mimicry + sex role behavior common
concern for present (limited attention span)
piaget preoperation stage (2-7 years) / preconceptional phase (2-4 years) characteristics
egocentric
problem solve on what they see, hear; not recalled
concern for “why” and “how”
pain experiences take on significance + fears may develop
toddler social development characteristics
differentiation from self + significant others
know parents exist when absent
important to tolerate brief periods of separation
transitional objects important (security blanket)
age ability to drink well from covered cup, use of spoon with much spilling
15 months
age: use of spoon and fork well
S: 24 months
F: 36 months
age: ability to take off gloves, shoes, socks, unzip
18 months
age: remove clothes, put on socks + shoes
2 years
what should be established prior to potty training
remove and put on clothes
parallel play
plays next to children, not with them
tactile play
sandbox
soap bubbles
gross motor skills
push-pull toys
balls
rocking horses
fine motor skills
thick crayons
finger paint
puzzles with large pieces
TV/screen time should be limited to
1-2 hours /day
age: voluntary control of sphinceter
24-30 months
4 broad area of toilet training
physical
mental
psychological
parental
is bowel or bladder accomplished first
bowel
age: nighttime bladder training
4-5 years
how long to limit toilet training
5-8 minutes
when should time-outs begin
18 months
___ is a common response to stress
regression
best approach to regression
ignore; praise appropriate behavior
physiologic anorexia (18 months)
decrease appetite in response to decrease nutritional needs
factors that influence food choices
refusal by others
size of portion
smell
toddler portion sizes
1 tbsp of solid food per age year or 1/4 - 1/3 adult portion
avoids to avoid until able to chew effectively
hot dogs
grapes
peas
carrots
popcorn
fuit gel snacks
how much milk daily
24-30 oz
what type of milk to be used
non-fat
low-fat
toddler diet should be rich in ___
iron
how much fruit daily
1 cup
how much fruit juice daily
4-6oz
when should dental exams begin
6 months or within 6 months of first tooth
when can toothpaste be used
around 2 years
tooth decay 18 mo-3 years if often r/t to
bottle of milk or juice while sleeping
caries prevention
eliminate night bottle
substituting bottle of water
do not use bottle as paci
do not coat paci with sweet substances
how long to use rear facing carseat
up to 2 years or manufacturer weight/height recommendations
can accommodate up to 35#
how long is a belt booster used for
35-80#
7-8 years unless 4’9”
when is lap/shoulder belt used
> 8 years or 4’9”
poisoning prevention
store in original containers
lock products out of reach
child-resistant packaging
use products according to label instructions
most dangerous poisoning
meds
pesticides
antifreeze
drain cleaners
alcoholic beverages
furniture polish
gasoline
paint thinner
what to do if substance is splashed in eye or spilled on skin
rinse with water x15 minutes
call poison control
what to do if swallowed a cleaning product
drink a glass of milk or water
call Poison control
toddler yearly weight gain
4-6 lb yearly
adult height is ___ that of a 2 y/o
twice
when do anterior fontanelles close
12-18 months
cause of pot-bellied apperance
short legs, less developed abdominal muscles
visual acuity
20/40
risk for falls d/t depth perception
ear + throat structures are short + straight causing risk for
ear, throat infections; tonsillitis
average age to walk alone
15 months
when can toddlers jump using both feet
2.5 years
when can toddler take stairs
2 years
when can toddlers throw objects + retrieve them
15 months
when can toddlers drop a raisin into a narrow-neck bottle
15 months
when can a toddler throw a ball overhead without losing balance
18 months
