Exam 1 - Toddler

Question 1

toddler age

Answer 1

12-36 months

Question 2

Erikson

Answer 2

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 3

when is shame and doubt developed

Answer 3

when caregivers are impatient, doing everything for child

Question 4

which stages of Piaget sensorimotor are r/t toddler

Answer 4

5 and 6

tertiary circular reaction
invention of new means through mental combinations

Question 5

tertiary circular reaction (13-18 months) characteristics

Answer 5

aware of objects behind, in drawers
recognize different shapes + relationship to others (nesting toys fit inside one other)

Question 6

invention of new means through mental combinations characteristics

Answer 6

object permanence
domestic mimicry + sex role behavior common
concern for present (limited attention span)

Question 7

piaget preoperation stage (2-7 years) / preconceptional phase (2-4 years) characteristics

Answer 7

egocentric
problem solve on what they see, hear; not recalled
concern for “why” and “how”
pain experiences take on significance + fears may develop

Question 8

toddler social development characteristics

Answer 8

differentiation from self + significant others
know parents exist when absent
important to tolerate brief periods of separation
transitional objects important (security blanket)

Question 9

age ability to drink well from covered cup, use of spoon with much spilling

Answer 9

15 months

Question 10

age: use of spoon and fork well

Answer 10

S: 24 months
F: 36 months

Question 11

age: ability to take off gloves, shoes, socks, unzip

Answer 11

18 months

Question 12

age: remove clothes, put on socks + shoes

Answer 12

2 years

Question 13

what should be established prior to potty training

Answer 13

remove and put on clothes

Question 14

parallel play

Answer 14

plays next to children, not with them

Question 15

tactile play

Answer 15

sandbox
soap bubbles

Question 16

gross motor skills

Answer 16

push-pull toys
balls
rocking horses

Question 17

fine motor skills

Answer 17

thick crayons
finger paint
puzzles with large pieces

Question 18

TV/screen time should be limited to

Answer 18

1-2 hours /day

Question 19

age: voluntary control of sphinceter

Answer 19

24-30 months

Question 20

4 broad area of toilet training

Answer 20

physical
mental
psychological
parental

Question 21

is bowel or bladder accomplished first

Answer 21

bowel

Question 22

age: nighttime bladder training

Answer 22

4-5 years

Question 23

how long to limit toilet training

Answer 23

5-8 minutes

Question 24

when should time-outs begin

Answer 24

18 months

Question 25

___ is a common response to stress

Answer 25

regression

Question 26

best approach to regression

Answer 26

ignore; praise appropriate behavior

Question 27

physiologic anorexia (18 months)

Answer 27

decrease appetite in response to decrease nutritional needs

Question 28

factors that influence food choices

Answer 28

refusal by others
size of portion
smell

Question 29

toddler portion sizes

Answer 29

1 tbsp of solid food per age year or 1/4 - 1/3 adult portion

Question 30

avoids to avoid until able to chew effectively

Answer 30

hot dogs
grapes
peas
carrots
popcorn
fuit gel snacks

Question 31

how much milk daily

Answer 31

24-30 oz

Question 32

what type of milk to be used

Answer 32

non-fat
low-fat

Question 33

toddler diet should be rich in ___

Answer 33

iron

Question 34

how much fruit daily

Answer 34

1 cup

Question 35

how much fruit juice daily

Answer 35

4-6oz

Question 36

when should dental exams begin

Answer 36

6 months or within 6 months of first tooth

Question 37

when can toothpaste be used

Answer 37

around 2 years

Question 38

tooth decay 18 mo-3 years if often r/t to

Answer 38

bottle of milk or juice while sleeping

Question 39

caries prevention

Answer 39

eliminate night bottle
substituting bottle of water
do not use bottle as paci
do not coat paci with sweet substances

Question 40

how long to use rear facing carseat

Answer 40

up to 2 years or manufacturer weight/height recommendations

can accommodate up to 35#

Question 41

how long is a belt booster used for

Answer 41

35-80#
7-8 years unless 4’9”

Question 42

when is lap/shoulder belt used

Answer 42

> 8 years or 4’9”

Question 43

poisoning prevention

Answer 43

store in original containers
lock products out of reach
child-resistant packaging
use products according to label instructions

Question 44

most dangerous poisoning

Answer 44

meds
pesticides
antifreeze
drain cleaners
alcoholic beverages
furniture polish
gasoline
paint thinner

Question 45

what to do if substance is splashed in eye or spilled on skin

Answer 45

rinse with water x15 minutes
call poison control

Question 46

what to do if swallowed a cleaning product

Answer 46

drink a glass of milk or water
call Poison control

Question 47

toddler yearly weight gain

Answer 47

4-6 lb yearly

Question 48

adult height is ___ that of a 2 y/o

Answer 48

twice

Question 49

when do anterior fontanelles close

Answer 49

12-18 months

Question 50

cause of pot-bellied apperance

Answer 50

short legs, less developed abdominal muscles

Question 51

visual acuity

Answer 51

20/40

risk for falls d/t depth perception

Question 52

ear + throat structures are short + straight causing risk for

Answer 52

ear, throat infections; tonsillitis

Question 53

average age to walk alone

Answer 53

15 months

Question 54

when can toddlers jump using both feet

Answer 54

2.5 years

Question 55

when can toddler take stairs

Answer 55

2 years

Question 56

when can toddlers throw objects + retrieve them

Answer 56

15 months

Question 57

when can toddlers drop a raisin into a narrow-neck bottle

Answer 57

15 months

Question 58

when can a toddler throw a ball overhead without losing balance

Answer 58

18 months