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NUTR 406 > Exam 4: MNT for Pulmonary Disease > Flashcards

Exam 4: MNT for Pulmonary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

the lung can …

  • inhale ____
  • exhale ____
  • gas exchange takes place in the __________
A
  • o2
  • co2
  • alveoli
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2
Q

the functions of the pulmonary
system

  3. 4.
A

gas exchange

acid base balance

blood pressure
or bp

immune defense

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3
Q

Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— gas exchange

A

inhale o2
exhale co2

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4
Q

Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— acid base balance

A

CO₂ combines with water in the blood to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).
Increased CO₂ levels lead to more H⁺ ions, lowering pH (making the blood more acidic).
Decreased CO₂ levels reduce H⁺ ions, raising pH (making the blood more alkaline).

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5
Q

Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— bp

A

The lungs play a key role in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor that influences blood pressure

The lungs contain the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in their capillary endothelium.

ACE converts angiotensin I (produced in the liver) into angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II is a powerful substance that:
Causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which increases blood pressure.
Stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, leading to sodium and water retention, which also raises blood pressure.

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6
Q

Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— immune defense

A

Physical Barrier and Mucociliary Clearance:

The airways are lined with mucus that traps particles, bacteria, and other pathogens.
Cilia, hair-like structures in the respiratory epithelium, move mucus upward toward the pharynx, where it can be swallowed or expelled. This mechanism is called the mucociliary escalator and prevents pathogens from reaching the lower respiratory tract.

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7
Q

what are the 2 diagnostic tests for lung fucntion

A

pulse oximetry

spirometry

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8
Q

what is pulse oximetry

A
  • oxygen saturation of arterial blood
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9
Q

what is spirometry

A
  • lung volume
  • respiration rate
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10
Q

Recognize the main nutrients that play a role in pulmonary function

  1. 2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
A

protein
vitamin C
Fe
Ca
Mg
P
K

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11
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— protein

A
  • synthesis oxygen-carrying protein: hemoglobin
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12
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function — iron

A
  • synthesis of oxygen-carrying protein: hemoglobin
  • iron is a component of heme
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13
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— calcium

A
  • lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
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14
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function—-magnesium

A
  • lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
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15
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— phosphorus

A
  • lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
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16
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function- vitamin C

A

collagen synthesis
collagen is main active tissue in lungs
antioxidant (particularly smokers)

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17
Q

Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function– potassium

A
  • lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
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18
Q

what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status?

1.
2.
3.

A

inc energy expenditure

reduced intake

additional limitations

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19
Q

what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- increased energy expenditure

  1. increased work of _______
  2. chronic _________
  3. ____________ treatments
A

breathing, infection, medical

20
Q

what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- reduced intake

  1. fluid ______________
  2. _____________ of breath
  3. decreased _________ ___________ when eating
  4. __________________ resulting from chronic __________
  5. gastrointestinal ____________ and -_______________
A

restriction, shortness, oxygen saturation, anorexia and disease, distress and vomiting

21
Q

What are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- additional limitations?

  1. difficulty preparing ______ because of fatigue
  2. ________ of financial resources
  3. _______ feeding skills
  4. altered ________
  5. _______-________ interaction
A

food

lack

impaired

metabolism

food- drug

22
Q

Identify characteristics of asthma

A

characterized by inflammation of the airways, airflow obstruction, excessive mucous production

23
Q

t or f
asthma is the interaction between the environment and immunity

A

environment and GENETICS

24
Q

Identify symptoms of asthma

1.
2.
3.
4.

A

chest tightness
SOB
Wheezing
Coughing

25
Q

Describe the risk factors Asthma

A
  • allergies
  • air pollution
  • tobacco smoke
  • small size at birth
  • respiratory infection
  • hygiene hypothesis
  • obesity
  • GERD
  • Breastfeeding reduces the risk
26
Q

Asthma can be triggered by dietary…
1.
2.

A

food allergies
food additives

27
Q

Describe the treatment for asthma

  1. 2.
A

Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids

28
Q

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for asthma

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A

omega 3
antioxidants rich foods
calcium and vit D ( if steroid)
avoid dietary triggers
treatment for GERD

29
Q

Identify characteristics of COPD

characterized by _________ __________ and ____________ of the ______________

A

characterized by obstructed airflow and inflammation of the lungs

30
Q

T/F COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. it includes bronchitis and emphysema

A

T

31
Q

Identify symptoms of COPD

  1. chronic _________
  2. excessive ______/______
  3. _______
  4. shortness of _____
  5. _____ ______
  6. decreased _____ capacity
A
  1. chronic _________
  2. excessive mucous/phlegm
  3. wheezing
  4. shortness of breath
  5. chest tightness
  6. decreased exercise capacity
32
Q

Describe the risk factors COPD

A

smoking
air pollution
occupational exposure

33
Q

Describe the treatment for COPD

A
  • bronchodilators
  • corticosteroids
34
Q

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for COPD
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  • Anti-inflammatory/plant-based/Mediterranean style diet
  • Energy needs are individualized
    ⚬ Use indirect calorimetry if possible
    ⚬ Low BMI associated with increased mortality
    ⚬ Avoid overfeeding
  • Macronutrients
    ⚬ Protein: 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d
    ⚬ Fat: omega-3 fatty acids
    ⚬ Fluids: 30-35 ml/kcal/d
    ⚬ May need to restrict fluids and sodium if cor
    pulmonale
  • Micronutrients
    ⚬ Antioxidant-rich foods
    ⚬ Vitamin C
    ⚬ Calcium and vitamin D
35
Q

Identify characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis

A

⚬ Impaired transport of Cl, Na, and bicarbonate
⚬ Production of thick, viscous secretions in lungs
and pancreas (among other organs)
⚬ Increased salt in sweat gland secretions
⚬ Cough, dyspnea, wheezing

36
Q

Identify symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Cough, dyspnea, wheezing

37
Q

Identify complications of Cystic Fibrosis

A

⚬ Impaired growth
⚬ Recurrent lung infections
⚬ Pancreatic insufficiency
￭ Steatorrhea
⚬ Pancreatitis
⚬ CF-related diabetes
⚬ Bone disease

38
Q

Describe the risk factors Cystic Fibrosis

A
39
Q

Describe the treatment for Cystic Fibrosis

A

Antibiotics
⚬ Bronchodilators
⚬ Chest physiotherapy
⚬ Steroids
⚬ Lung transplant

40
Q

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for Cystic Fibrosis

A
  • High-kcal, high-protein, high-fat diet
  • Fat-soluble vitamins
  • Zinc
  • Fluids and electrolytes
    ⚬ Salt
  • Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
    (PERT)
41
Q

diagnosis cf

A

Prenatal screening
⚬ Newborn screening
⚬ Sweat chloride test

42
Q

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for Respiratory failure

A
43
Q

energy needs of a patient with pulmonary disease are usually

higher than normal
lower than normal
same as normal
affected by drug treatment

A

higher thannormal

44
Q

pulmonary aspiration leads to

cystic fibrosis
tuberculosis
pneumonia
cor pulmonale (enlargment of right ventricle)

A

pneumonia

45
Q

peopl ewith cystic fibrosis require higher than normal intakes of

vit C
ca
fe
na

A

Na in sweat

NUTR 406 (22 decks)

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