Exam 4: MNT for Pulmonary Disease Flashcards
the lung can …
- inhale ____
- exhale ____
- gas exchange takes place in the __________
- o2
- co2
- alveoli
the functions of the pulmonary
system
- 4.
gas exchange
acid base balance
blood pressure
or bp
immune defense
Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— gas exchange
inhale o2
exhale co2
Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— acid base balance
CO₂ combines with water in the blood to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).
Increased CO₂ levels lead to more H⁺ ions, lowering pH (making the blood more acidic).
Decreased CO₂ levels reduce H⁺ ions, raising pH (making the blood more alkaline).
Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— bp
The lungs play a key role in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor that influences blood pressure
The lungs contain the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in their capillary endothelium.
ACE converts angiotensin I (produced in the liver) into angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II is a powerful substance that:
Causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which increases blood pressure.
Stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, leading to sodium and water retention, which also raises blood pressure.
Describe the functions of the pulmonary
system— immune defense
Physical Barrier and Mucociliary Clearance:
The airways are lined with mucus that traps particles, bacteria, and other pathogens.
Cilia, hair-like structures in the respiratory epithelium, move mucus upward toward the pharynx, where it can be swallowed or expelled. This mechanism is called the mucociliary escalator and prevents pathogens from reaching the lower respiratory tract.
what are the 2 diagnostic tests for lung fucntion
pulse oximetry
spirometry
what is pulse oximetry
- oxygen saturation of arterial blood
what is spirometry
- lung volume
- respiration rate
Recognize the main nutrients that play a role in pulmonary function
- 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
protein
vitamin C
Fe
Ca
Mg
P
K
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— protein
- synthesis oxygen-carrying protein: hemoglobin
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function — iron
- synthesis of oxygen-carrying protein: hemoglobin
- iron is a component of heme
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— calcium
- lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function—-magnesium
- lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function— phosphorus
- lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function- vitamin C
collagen synthesis
collagen is main active tissue in lungs
antioxidant (particularly smokers)
Recognize the role of nutrition in pulmonary function– potassium
- lung smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status?
1.
2.
3.
inc energy expenditure
reduced intake
additional limitations
what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- increased energy expenditure
- increased work of _______
- chronic _________
- ____________ treatments
breathing, infection, medical
what are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- reduced intake
- fluid ______________
- _____________ of breath
- decreased _________ ___________ when eating
- __________________ resulting from chronic __________
- gastrointestinal ____________ and -_______________
restriction, shortness, oxygen saturation, anorexia and disease, distress and vomiting
What are the adverse effects of lung disease on nutritional status—- additional limitations?
- difficulty preparing ______ because of fatigue
- ________ of financial resources
- _______ feeding skills
- altered ________
- _______-________ interaction
food
lack
impaired
metabolism
food- drug
Identify characteristics of asthma
characterized by inflammation of the airways, airflow obstruction, excessive mucous production
t or f
asthma is the interaction between the environment and immunity
environment and GENETICS
Identify symptoms of asthma
1.
2.
3.
4.
chest tightness
SOB
Wheezing
Coughing
Describe the risk factors Asthma
- allergies
- air pollution
- tobacco smoke
- small size at birth
- respiratory infection
- hygiene hypothesis
- obesity
- GERD
- Breastfeeding reduces the risk
Asthma can be triggered by dietary…
1.
2.
food allergies
food additives
Describe the treatment for asthma
- 2.
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Describe the medical nutrition therapy for asthma
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
omega 3
antioxidants rich foods
calcium and vit D ( if steroid)
avoid dietary triggers
treatment for GERD
Identify characteristics of COPD
characterized by _________ __________ and ____________ of the ______________
characterized by obstructed airflow and inflammation of the lungs
T/F COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. it includes bronchitis and emphysema
T
Identify symptoms of COPD
- chronic _________
- excessive ______/______
- _______
- shortness of _____
- _____ ______
- decreased _____ capacity
- chronic _________
- excessive mucous/phlegm
- wheezing
- shortness of breath
- chest tightness
- decreased exercise capacity
Describe the risk factors COPD
smoking
air pollution
occupational exposure
Describe the treatment for COPD
- bronchodilators
- corticosteroids
Describe the medical nutrition therapy for COPD
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Anti-inflammatory/plant-based/Mediterranean style diet
- Energy needs are individualized
⚬ Use indirect calorimetry if possible
⚬ Low BMI associated with increased mortality
⚬ Avoid overfeeding - Macronutrients
⚬ Protein: 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d
⚬ Fat: omega-3 fatty acids
⚬ Fluids: 30-35 ml/kcal/d
⚬ May need to restrict fluids and sodium if cor
pulmonale - Micronutrients
⚬ Antioxidant-rich foods
⚬ Vitamin C
⚬ Calcium and vitamin D
Identify characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis
⚬ Impaired transport of Cl, Na, and bicarbonate
⚬ Production of thick, viscous secretions in lungs
and pancreas (among other organs)
⚬ Increased salt in sweat gland secretions
⚬ Cough, dyspnea, wheezing
Identify symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
Cough, dyspnea, wheezing
Identify complications of Cystic Fibrosis
⚬ Impaired growth
⚬ Recurrent lung infections
⚬ Pancreatic insufficiency
￭ Steatorrhea
⚬ Pancreatitis
⚬ CF-related diabetes
⚬ Bone disease
Describe the risk factors Cystic Fibrosis
Describe the treatment for Cystic Fibrosis
Antibiotics
⚬ Bronchodilators
⚬ Chest physiotherapy
⚬ Steroids
⚬ Lung transplant
Describe the medical nutrition therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
- High-kcal, high-protein, high-fat diet
- Fat-soluble vitamins
- Zinc
- Fluids and electrolytes
⚬ Salt - Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
(PERT)
diagnosis cf
Prenatal screening
⚬ Newborn screening
⚬ Sweat chloride test
Describe the medical nutrition therapy for Respiratory failure
energy needs of a patient with pulmonary disease are usually
higher than normal
lower than normal
same as normal
affected by drug treatment
higher thannormal
pulmonary aspiration leads to
cystic fibrosis
tuberculosis
pneumonia
cor pulmonale (enlargment of right ventricle)
pneumonia
peopl ewith cystic fibrosis require higher than normal intakes of
vit C
ca
fe
na
Na in sweat
